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1
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Aresztowania i deportacje do obozów koncentracyjnych z ziem wcielonych do Rzeszy w kwietniu i maju 1940 r. Próba oszacowania skali Intelligenzaktion

100%
Przegiętka M.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2022
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vol. 54
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issue 1
85-102
EN
The article’s subject is the arrests and deportations to concentration camps in the Reich carried out by the Gestapo in April and May 1940 on Polish territory incorporated into the Reich. An attempt has been made to determine the overall size of the Intelligenzaktion based on data concerning the scale of arrests in individual Reich districts, provinces, and regions, confronted with the number of transports to concentration camps in Dachau, Ravensbrück, and Sachsenhausen.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są aresztowania i deportacje do obozów koncentracyjnych w Rzeszy przeprowadzone przez Gestapo w kwietniu i maju 1940 r. na ziemiach polskich wcielonych do Rzeszy. Na podstawie danych dotyczących skali aresztowań w poszczególnych okręgach Rzeszy, prowincjach i rejencjach, skonfrontowanych z liczebnością transportów do obozów koncentracyjnych Dachau, Ravensbrück i Sachsenhausen, podjęto próbę ustalenia ogólnych rozmiarów Intelligenzaktion.
2
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Przed obliczem wadowickiej Temidy (cz. 1) Edith Grünwald – ciekawa historia

99%
Witkowski M.
Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny
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2013
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issue 16
139-166
EN
In 1942, Edith Grünwald was a young, nearly 23 years old, Slovak Jewess from Holicz, when the Gestapo arrested her in Ilava, where she was working as a clerk. After spending some time in the concentration camp in Bratislava, she was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, in one of the first Jewish RSH transports from Slovakia. Her camp number was 3507. Thanks to her education, she was able to work in the Politische Abteilung (the Political Department). She was the personal secretary of Herbert Kirschner. When the war was over in January 1945, she was evacuated to Ravensbrück, and then freed by the Red Army in Malchow, located near Berlin. Although the ordeal in the Nazi camp was over, Edith didn’t enjoy freedom for long. In May 1945, short after coming back from the concentration camp, she was arrested by the UB in Katowice. She was accused of mistreating her fellow prisoners and cooperating with SS Men, in particularly with her boss Kirschner. The investigation of Edith`s case, conducted by the Special Criminal Court, lasted more than 2 years. Thanks to the involvement of the Czechoslovakian Consulate along with the help of two lawyers, they managed to deny the allegations made by her former inmate, Polish Jewess Dunia Urbańska (Urison). The trial, which took place on May 14, 1947 before the Wadowice District Court, resulted in Edith Grünewald being declared innocent after testimony from a fellow Slovak Jewess proved the allegations as false. As it turned out, the arrest (combined with a brutal beating) and the investigation was a result of a plot by her former fellow prisoner, who was jealous of Edith`s position in the camp and above all her regard of the prisoners.
3
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Opór społeczny i opozycja antyhitlerowska na ziemi kłodzkiej w świetle sprawozdań wrocławskiego Gestapo (1933–1938)

99%
Manikowski K.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 4
89-104
EN
The paper presents circles opposing the Nazi regime active in the Kłodzko region before World War II. Analysis of the Gestapo reports allows for depicting primarily communist structures and – to a lesser extent – social democracy. Apart from the left-wing groups, Gestapo focused their attention on clergymen, especially those engaged with formation of youth.
4

Obozy koncentracyjne jako nowoczesna forma zwalczania przestępczości w Republice Federalnej Niemiec?

85%
Fikus S.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
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2018
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vol. 40
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issue 4
59-69
EN
The problem of participation of the Nazi elites in the structures of the German Federal Republic is increasingly engaging for German historians. Popular, non-academic works also address the issue of joining the police force by former officials of the Third Reich. However, in the German texts it is consistently stressed that Nazi elites did not influence the social and political life of the German Federal Republic. Nevertheless, the debate on reintroducing concentration camps shows the high standing of national socialism ideology long after World War II.
5
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Organizační struktura personálního, hospodářského a "konfiskačního" oddělení pražského gestapa:

85%
Zumr J.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2020
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vol. 28
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issue 1
185-204
EN
Three very different organisational structures of the economic and personnel department existed over the six years of existence of the Prague Gestapo, of which one only existed very briefly. Only one department administering this paperwork initially existed and then separate departments for administration and personnel matters were established in the second half of the war. There was also a “confiscation” department from 1941 to 1943. Although these departments were not parts of the Prague station with executive authority, their officials and employees were involved in massive theft from both the Jewish and non-Jewish populations of the protectorate. Some were subsequently deployed on the Eastern Front, where they were involved in the Nazi extermination policy.
6
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Organizační struktura exekutivního a kontrarozvědného oddělení pražského Gestapa

85%
Zumr J.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2018
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vol. 26
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issue 2
251-290
EN
This study analyses the form of the two most important divisions of the Prague Gestapo; the executive and counterintelligence divisions. These were able to be reconstructed through the discovery of previously unpublished original documents. These are used to look at organisational developments and changes, which were extremely frequent due to the Prague Gestapo’s six years of operation. The reorganisation of the Prague office was an outcome of endeavours to adapt its form of internal structure to that of the RSHA, and an outcome of endeavours to combat local resistance as effectively as possible while saving as much manpower as possible.
7
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The German Occupation of Cluj – Kolozsvár and its Consequences on the History of the City in 1944

57%
Murádin K. J.
Central European Papers
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 1
74-87
EN
This year, there is the 70th anniversary of the German occupation of Hungary. Therefore, with this study I would like to commemorate this very important historical event, which had decisive effects on the future of the Hungarian state and society as well. Naturally, until nowadays there have appeared a lot of books, studies and scientific articles which present the occupation, but most of them deal with the problem in general, referring to the whole country. In order to complete the general scene, in my study I focused only on the capital of the Northern Transylvanian region, reincorporated to the Hungarian Kingdom in 1940. The city of Kolozsvár (today, officially in Romanian language: Cluj-Napoca) was the administrative and cultural center of the eastern part of Hungary in that time, therefore it shows very well the exact consequences of the occupation. First of all, I shortly presented the political and military conditions of the German invasion of the country, and after that, the occupation process of Kolozsvár. For a better description of the entering of Wehrmacht troops in the city, I used some interviews made to persons who were eye-witnesses to the events. Beside these, I obtained a lot of data from the local contemporary Hungarian and Romanian press, and several scientific publications and articles published recently. The main objective of this study is to realize an analysis of exact consequences of the German occupation of Kolozsvár in 1944 upon the population of the city, and especially upon the Jewish community. Through the description of the mass arrests of left wing sympathizers, and the collection of the Jews in ghettos, as well as the deportation process, I tried to present one of the most dramatic period of the old, historical city of Kolozsvár.
8
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Koncepcje prawne w zakresie prawa międzynarodowego wypracowane w III Rzeszy a jej polityka okupacji

36%
Migdał P.
Studia Prawnicze KUL
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2017
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issue 2
123-165
EN
Taking into account previous experiences related to the investigation of occupation systems of the Axis powers during World War II, and in particular the dominant role of the Third Reich, it seems that there are large gaps in this area and the status of those studies can be considered largely insufficient. The weakness of the existing studies is their reduction to the occupation policy and formal structures, i.e. they are rather fragmentary. Only rarely do they take into consideration comparative documentation which shows the holistic development of organizational structures of invader’s administration along with its entire experience and collective functioning mechanisms as well as the demonstration of its effectiveness. This article is an attempt to determine whether and to what extent the exercise of occupation or other forms of governance by the Third Reich under Hitler’s rule over other territories or nations constituted a political and legal system, what were different types of governance over individual territories and conquered populations in a specific legal, socio-economic and political situation. It should be noted, however, that the term “occupation” used commonly in the political history of that period is not sufficient to properly describe this phenomenon in the language of law. It is too general and inadequate to the legal status of the territories occupied or controlled by Germany, including those illegally annexed (such as “eingegliederte Ostgebiete” [annexed Eastern territories] in Poland), those that have been politically subordinated with the deprivation of peoples living there of their sovereign political power (such as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia), as well as those which were only forcibly incorporated into the orbit of influence of the Third Reich but with the maintenance of satellite governments (e.g. Slovakia).
PL
Uwzględniając dotychczasowe doświadczenia w badaniach nad systemami okupacji krajów Osi w trakcie II wojny światowej a szczególnie dominującej III Rzeszy niemieckiej, wydaje się, że występują w tym zakresie duże braki a stan tych badań można uznać za daleko niewystarczający. Słabością istniejących badań jest ograniczenie się do polityki okupacyjnej i struktur formalnych, czyli ich pewna wycinkowość. Rzadko uwzględnia się w nich dokumentacje porównawczą, ukazującą całościowe kształtowanie się struktur organizacyjnych zarządów okupacyjnych z uwzględnieniem całokształtu doświadczenia oraz zbiorczego mechanizmu funkcjonowania, przy wykazaniu także jego efektywności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest, próba ustalenia, czy i o ile wypełnianie okupacji lub innych form władztwa przez III Rzeszę hitlerowską nad innymi terytoriami państwowymi czy narodami stanowiło system polityczno-prawny, jak kształtowały się różne postacie władania nad poszczególnymi terytoriami i wobec podbitej ludności w określonej sytuacji prawnej, społeczno-gospodarczej i politycznej. Należy przy tym podkreślić, że pojęcie „okupacja” używane powszechnie w historii politycznej tego okresu, nie wystarczy do poprawnego opisu zjawiska w języku nauki prawa. Jest ono zbyt ogólne i prawnicze nieadekwatne do stanu prawnego ziem zajętych lub kontrolowanych przez Niemcy i to zarówno tych anektowanych w sposób bezprawny (takich jak „eingegliederte Ostgebiete” w Polsce) jak i tych które zostały podporządkowane politycznie z pozbawieniem zamieszkałych tam narodów ich suwerennej władzy politycznej (takich jak Protektorat Czech i Moraw) i wreszcie tych, które zostały jedynie włączone przymusowo w orbitę wpływów III Rzeszy z utrzymaniem w nich rządów satelickich (np. Słowacja).
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