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EN
In this paper is considered the issue of the portfolio of contracts for differences (CFD). As far as the standards of contracts traded on the stock exchanges are precisely defined and treated in such a manner that the investor in case of adverse developments for him on the market have the ability to complete the required margin, so transactions on the over the counter (OTC) market do not give an investor such the comfort and can result in an immediate closing open positions with significant losses for the investor. Open CFD positions offered in the OTC market are continuously monitored in terms of fulfilment of the required security deposit (margin) and the investor is responsible for maintaining the necessary assets to fully cover the market risk. Creating a CFD portfolio investor faces a dilemma, what proportion of the funds allocated to the opening position, and which of them leave as a hedge against market risks. The Problem is so complex that many of the CFD is exposed to currency risk. Appropriate funds intended to cover unrealised losses has to secure against a ineffective margin call to supplement the security deposit and unfavourable for the investor closing his position. The work discusses the various measures of market risk exposure used by reputable financial institutions offering contracts on exchange differences on the over the counter market. In addition, proposed several measures to support the portfolio structure of the CFD, taking into account market risk.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie wytycznych prezentowania modelu biznesowego w raportach rocznych oraz zakresu ujawnień o modelach biznesowych wybranych spółek z branży wysokich technologii notowanych na Londyńskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych. Dla realizacji tego celu zostały przeprowadzone: analiza wytycznych FRC i IIRC oraz badania empiryczne obejmujące 60 raportów rocznych spółek wchodzących w skład indeksu FTSE-Techmark. Opisy funkcjonowania modeli biznesowych są zazwyczaj dosyć krótkie i obejmują: przedstawienie sposobu kreowania wartości, rynków, na których funkcjonuje jednostka, zasobów oraz najważniejszych działań podejmowanych dla kreowania wartości.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyse the business model disclosure guidelines in annual reports. In the empirical part the author uses content analysis of business models presentation in annual reports of selected high-tech companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. The sample embraces 60 annual reports of companies from the LSE FTSE-Techmark. Business model disclosure are in most cases very concise and focus on value creation.
EN
The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of contract electric energy portfolios at Polish Power Exchange (POLPX) and European Energy Exchange (EEX) spot markets. The multi-criteria approach proposed in this paper is based on minimization of the Conditional Value at Risk with the confidence level 0.95 and maximization of portfolio rates of return. The analyzed portfolios have been constructed independently for each power exchange (for investors who are interested to invest on one market only), as well as for POLEX and EEX together (for investors who invest on more than one market) with two criteria.
EN
The article is devoted to analysis of correlation between rates of return of stocks and stock market indexes listed on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw with dynamics of macroeconomic and market factors. The purpose of this article was attempt to determine whether there factors are correlated linearly with changes of stock prices on the stock market and the degree of this dependence. Assuming that the variables are stationary, empirical studies was based on Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. There were analyzed 427 stocks and 18 indexes for the whole period of their quotations. On this basis there were set the number of companies whose correlation coefficient was located at certain intervals in the range of -1 to 1, according to the J. Guilford's classification, and the percentage of these companies.
EN
Both the prospect theory as well as the cumulative prospect theory are aimed at explaining the way the decision-maker see and evaluate risky decisions. They allow for the explanation of some inconsistency between observed decision-makers behaviours and axioms of the expected utility theory. For years financial aspects of cumulative prospect theory are the subject of many research studies. The purpose of the paper is to review some issues connected with the cumulative prospect theory and its application to financial market. Presented papers concern issues related to the value functions, concept of loss aversion and the construction of portfolio selection models with some simplifying assumptions. In our paper we also present observed in real life, but often mysterious, behaviours of investors, who evaluate investment choices relative to some reference point, feel loss aversion and revalue objective probabilities.
EN
Stock exchange commission is one of the most significant trading cost. It is a charge for services provided by financial institutions and paid by customers. Its level determines trading opportunities especially for short-term investors. That is the reason why proper commission policy is vital for traders, their instrument and strategy choices and, consequently contributes to market development. In this article the level of Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) commissions as a short-term trading impediment is presented. It discuses historical, current, and future problems resulting from extremely expensive WSE and brokers fees. Moreover comparison to policies of world-markets is emphasized (original abstract)
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