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EN
Chesterton was a very visual writer and architecture plays an interesting, though somewhat neglected role in his works. It reflects human strengths and weaknesses as well as religious and political attitudes. Such functions can be seen in The Man Who Was Thursday with its tunnels, labyrinths and secret shelters. Architecture here is meant to protect, but also to dissociate the anarchists from social life. Eccentricities and the return to Nature may also be reflected through architecture, as in The Club of Queer Trades. Or, architecture may be seen as dangerous – a moral temptation – as in the Father Brown story, “The Hammer of God”, where the spire of a church nourishes ideas of the superman in a local priest and turns him into a murderer. This leads to the question of how Chesterton looked at sacred architecture, especially Gothic cathedrals. He discovered his own sense of the fantastic in them (“On Gargoyles”) but also used them in his Christian crusade. His major contribution is that he rediscovered sacred symbolism in railway stations and other secular places but he also studied architecture in everyday life. Thus Chesterton links his architectural thought to his general message: i.e., to rediscover the everyday world as an arena of surprising adventures, in other words, to make life worth living.
EN
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role Rousseau’s doctrine of general will played in the thought and writings of Gilbert Keith Chesterton. The article begins with the characterization of the doctrine of general will as understood by Rousseau. Then, an overview of the existing critique of Chesterton’s heritage and what it had (or did not have to) to say about the matter in question is conducted. Next, the fact that Chesterton accepted the doctrine of general will is demonstrated by means of textual analysis. The paper ends with a section devoted to drawing some practical conclusions from the results of the analysis, with special stress laid on the fact that acknowledging the role the doctrine of general will played in Chesterton’s thought might not only serve as a “hermeneutical key” to the more controversial of his ideas (his democratism and his alleged anti-Semitism taken as examples), but also serve as the means to change the overall perception of him as a political thinker from a Catholic integrist to a Catholic pluralist.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 2
103-118
EN
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that Gilbert Keith Chesterton possessed the genuine intuition of being as defined by the French Thomist, Jacques Maritain, albeit almost without the proper metaphysical habitus. It opens with some explanations of the terms used, and with a short extrapolation of the theory of the intuition of being. Next it proceeds to proving the thesis assumed by the means of demonstrating that Chesterton exhibited the intuition of being as to three most important elements: its proper object (with the principle of identity included), the principle of sufficient reason and the principle of finality. Next it attempts to demonstrate that despite that understanding, he never spoke in a properly metaphysical manner, the fact that points to the lack of metaphysical habitus, and to establish certain consequences of this state of things. The text ends with a list of practical conclusions that could be drawn from an analysis such as this.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że Gilbert Keith Chesterton miał prawdziwą intuicję bytu, taką jak zdefiniował ją tomista francuski, Jacques Maritain, niemniej niemalże bez towarzyszącego jej metafizycznego habitusu. Tekst rozpoczyna wyjaśnienie używanych pojęć i krótki wykład teorii intuicji bytu. Następnie następuje próba dowiedzenia przyjętej tezy na podstawie materiału dowodowego dotyczącego trzech zasadniczych skutków rzeczonej intuicji: jej właściwego przedmiotu (do którego „funkcjonalnie” należy włączyć także zasadę tożsamości), zasady racji dostatecznej i zasady celowości. Następnie dowodzi się, że choć Gilbert Keith Chesterton wykazywał wysoki poziom zrozumienia powyższych zagadnień, nigdy nie mówił o nich w sposób ściśle metafizyczny — co wskazuje dokładnie na brak odpowiedniej dyspozycji umysłowej — z jednoczesną próbą zarysowania skutków tego stanu rzeczy. Tekst wieńczy garść praktycznych konkluzji, jakie można z niniejszych rozważań wyprowadzić.
PL
Celem opracowania jest dowiedzenie, że angielska myśl dystrybucjonistyczna, reprezentowana przez Hilaire Belloca i Gilberta Keitha Chestertona, stanowi oryginalny wariant konkretnego ideału historycznego nowej cywilizacji chrześcijańskiej, jaki opracował w dziele Humanizm integralny francuski filozof tomistyczny, Jacques Maritain. Pierwsza, krótsza część artykułu stanowi zarys koncepcji nowej cywilizacji chrześcijańskiej jako konkretnego ideału historycznego, ujętego w trzech zasadniczych wymiarach: politycznym (demokracja personalistyczna), ekonomicznym (pluralizm gospodarczy) i kulturowym (chrześcijańskie państwo świeckie). Druga poświęcona jest wykazaniu, że te wszystkie trzy elementy znajdują analogiczne odzwierciedlenie w tradycji dystrybucjonistycznej. Trzecia, najkrótsza, poświęcona jest prezentacji podstawowych różnic zachodzących między koncepcjami Maritaina a dystrybucjonistów, ze względu na które nie można mówić o pełnej identyczności, a jedynie o podobieństwie, i które otwierają perspektywy dalszych badań.
XX
The aim of the work is to present English social philosophy of distributism as a variant of a concrete historical ideal of the New Christian Civilization, as proposed by a French Thomist, Jacques Maritain, in his Integral Humanism. The first part of the text present the idea of the New Christian Civilization in three important dimensions: political (personalist democracy), economic (economic pluralism) and cultural (Christian secular state). Second one's aim is to prove that all these three elements are analogically present in the structure of distributist thought. Third part, the shortest of all, presents differences that occur between English distributism and the thought of Jacques Maritain, due to which the two system can be compared not in the terms of identity, but only similarity, and which open perspectives for further research.
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