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Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert Ryle and Martin Heidegger

100%

Harris J.

Diametros

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2012

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issue 34

34-50

EN

The work of Gilbert Ryle maintains a notable proximity to the philosophical disposition assumed by the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger. This is due largely to their critiques of the Cartesian tradition of philosophical anthropology. By employing the metaphysical positions of univocity and analogy as a hermeneutical device, this study attempts to draw out the fundamental differences between the projects of Ryle and Heidegger. It is my contention that Ryle is not a phenomenologist precisely because he affirms the Scotist doctrine of the univocity of being. In contrast, Heidegger is a phenomenologist precisely because he disaffirms univocity in favor of a modified version of Thomistic analogy. By recalling this important debate in medieval metaphysics, it is possible to gain important resources for debate between the “analytic” and “continental” camps – at least insofar as those labels correspond to the figures of Ryle and Heidegger in a meaningful way.

2

W obronie pojmowania przyjemności jako uczucia

89%

De Lazari-Radek K.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2018

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vol. 43

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issue 4

123-149

EN

Gilbert Ryle and Fred Feldman regard pleasure as, respectively, a disposition anda propositional attitude. I consider whether their accounts can seriously threaten the traditional understanding of pleasure in terms of feeling or sensation. I argue that their reluctance to treat pleasure as a mental state results from misunderstanding the difference between sensation and feeling. These concepts relate to different psychological phenomena and should not be used interchangeably. Understanding the difference between them makes it possible to defend the concept of pleasure in terms of feeling, though not sensation.

PL

Gilberta Ryle oraz Fred Feldman definiowali przyjemność jako, odpowiednio, dyspozycję i nastawienie sądzeniowe. Zastanowię się, czy ich koncepcje mogą poważnie zagrażać tradycyjnemu pojmowaniu przyjemności w kategoriach uczucia albo doznania. Skłaniać się będę ku tezie, że niechęć Ryle’a i Feldmana do traktowania przyjemności jako pewnego rodzaju stanu umysłu wynika z niezrozumienia różnicy między doznaniem a uczuciem. Pojęcia te odnoszą się do różnych zjawisk psychicznych i nie powinny być używane wymiennie. Ukazanie i zrozumienie różnicy między nimi pozwoli mi bronić pojmowania przyjemności w kategoriach uczucia, choć nie doznania.

3

Ryle, čtenář Austenové : Behaviorismus jako průhled do lidských srdcí

75%

Beran O.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 1

75-96

EN

The article offers and discusses a possible understanding of Ryle’s behaviourism against the background of Ryle’s philosophical reflections on the novels of Jane Austen. The first part presents Ryle’s account of Austen’s charaterology as an Aristotelian anthropology (people do not divide into the good and the bad, rather each one presents a concrete exemplification of a series of heterogenous traits) and its philosophical setting in virtue theory. In the second part I examine how Ryle’s dispositional analysis can be applied to more complex character traits too: character traits should be understood as dispositions with an open spectrum of behavioural expressions, to which we lend a certain quality (extending also into behavior that goes “against the disposition”). In the third part, with the help of a (Wittgensteinian) concept of verification, I reconstruct a hypothetical Ryle-Wittgenstein conception of behaviourism as the specific analysis of the relation between non-identical, though inseparable, reports of behavior and reports of the “mental”: reports about concrete expressions and acts are the only means by which a meaningful dispute about the sense and accuracy of reports about character traits can be conducted. In the final, fourth, part I add some notes on the question of how the two types of report can throw light on each other. The ability to know character traits is a specific kind of perceiving or seeing (which exercises itself on people who express themselves in different ways, but which does not amount to a peering “within” their minds or heads), at the root of which is an ability to judge which requires cultivation.

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1 Diametros

1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

1 Beran O.

1 De Lazari-Radek K.

1 Harris J.

2 2018

1 2012

Univocity and Analogy: A Comparative Study of Gilbert Ryle and Martin Heidegger

W obronie pojmowania przyjemności jako uczucia

Ryle, čtenář Austenové : Behaviorismus jako průhled do lidských srdcí