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Studia Religiologica
|
2012
|
vol. 45
|
issue 1
37–56
EN
Megalithic remnants have been the object of numerous studies and constitute one of the most controversial subjects in archaeology. The problem of their function has not yet found agreement among scholars. Archaeologists are usually very careful or critical about any interpretations concerning their religious, social or ritual meanings. The same scientific caution has generally led to ignoring of practices and beliefs found in modern folklore, let alone the biblical text. This is unfortunate, because the Bible is one of the very rare written sources informing us directly about prehistoric or proto-historical periods. Biblical references to the constructions and functions of megalithic monuments are numerous, and if authors have sometimes mentioned them, this has been merely as a simple list of verses without further comment or analysis. In any case, in many places the Bible mentions the construction of megalithic monuments and gives precious information regarding their functions. Why not take them into consideration? The semantic contexts may also lead to further interpretations. Since the subject is complex and extended, this presentation of course only proposes a first approach to the problem, and quotations of the text will very unfortunately have to be reduced drastically.
PL
Przymierzom biblijnym często towarzyszyły znaki, np. tęcza (Rdz 9,12–17), krew cielców (Wj 24,3–8) czy też chleb i wino (Łk 22,19–20). Zewnętrznym znakiem przymierza, jakie Bóg zawarł z Abrahamem, było obrzezanie (Rdz 17,9–14). Obrzęd ten został zaniedbany podczas czterdziestoletniej wędrówki przez pustynię. Jednak po przejściu Jordanu JHWH upomniał się o ten znak. Tak jak obrzezanie fizyczne było warunkiem wzięcia w posiadanie Ziemi Obiecanej, tak obrzezanie serca było warunkiem utrzymania tej ziemi w rękach Izraelitów oraz gwarantowało bezpieczeństwo i pomyślność. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje szczegółową analizę perykopy Joz 5,2–9, w której jest mowa o obrzezaniu w Gilgal i o odnowieniu relacji narodu wybranego z Bogiem.
EN
Biblical covenants were often accompanied by signs, e.g. a rainbow (Gen 9:12–17), blood of young bulls (Exod 24:3–8) or bread and wine (Luke 22:19–20). The external sign of the covenant God made with Abraham was circumcision (Gen 17:9–14). This rite was neglected during a forty-year journey through the desert. However, after crossing Jordan, Yahweh applied for this sign. Just as physical circumcision was a condition of taking possession of the Promised Land, circumcision of the heart was a condition of keeping this land in the hands of the Israelites and guaranteed security and prosperity. This article presents a detailed analysis of the pericope of Josh 5:2–9, which speaks about circumcision in Gilgal and the renewal of the chosen people’s relationship with God.
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