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GILSON—NEWMAN—BLONDEL?

100%
Rance D.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 1
75-92
EN
The article analyzes the dispute between Étienne Gilson and Maurice Blondel. Their dispute is quite notorious and, even though all the reasons behind it are unknown, casts a shadow on the French philosophy of Christian inspiration in the last century. For both Gilson and Blondel are among the most illustrious representatives of it. The article attempts to reconcile Gilson and Blondel by referring to John Henry Newman. According to Henri de Lubac, “Blondel greatly admired Newman and, in that, Gilson joined him;” moreover, St. John Paul II, in Fides et Ratio, not only proposed the names of Newman and Gilson among the five thinkers of Western thought that he considered to be significant examples of “fruitful relationship between philosophy and the word of God” in their “courageous research,” but he also, considered their “philosophical works of great influence and lasting value.” The former Pope stated, “a philosophy which, starting with an analysis of immanence, opened the way to the transcendent,” just after devoting two paragraphs to praise the modern Thomistic revival and its fruits (§57–58). Could, then, blessed John Henry Newman be a possible tertium datum between Gilson and Blondel?
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Gilson on Philosophy and Civilization

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Fafara R. J.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2019
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vol. 8
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issue 2
213-227
EN
In his essay “The Role of Philosophy in the History of Civilization” presented at the 6th International Philosophical Congress at Harvard in 1926, Gilson outlined three general trends among historians of philosophy. Some reduce the history of philosophy to study sources and find explanations of the philosophy beyond itself. Others try to go beyond the source of a given philosophy to find the original intuition that generates it. A third position, which Gilson espoused, is ahistorical. It depends neither on society nor on the creative genius of philosophers; it is simply truth. Systems of philosophy are uniquely conditioned by the necessary relations that link the ideas. If philosophies are expressions of an eternal truth, dominating men and societies, which discovers itself progressively by the mediation of philosophers, philosophy is transcendent with regard to every given state of civilization and the worth of a civilization depends upon the extent it participates in truth. Gilson’s conception of philosophy can go far in restoring Western civilization’s loss of confidence in human reason with its resulting pathologies and threats to human freedom today.
3
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An American Perspective on the Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas: Midwife to Birth of a New and Improved Global Civilization of Freedom!

89%
Redpath P.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2018
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vol. 7
61-70
PL
Artykuł dotyczy aktualności dzieła Étienne’a Gilsona z 1937 r. zatytułowanego „Jedność filozoficznego doświadczenia”. W jaki sposób pytanie Gilsona „Czy porządek społeczny, zrodzony przez wspólną wiarę w wartość pewnych zasad, żyje dalej, gdy utracona zostaje wiara w te zasady?” odnosi się do wydarzeń współczesnych. W tym dziele Gilson nakreślił, że od zarania współczesnego świata w XVII wieku kultura zachodnia zaczęła angażować się w lekkomyślną przygodę porzucenia greckiej filozoficznej wizji wszechświata, którą Gilson nazwał „zachodnim credo”: niezbędnym zestawem zasad dla założenia zachodniej cy wilizacji i wszystkich jej instytucji kulturalnych. Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze elementy (tezy) „zachodniego credo” i bada sposób, w jaki sposób zostały one zapomniane przez dzisiejszą kulturę.
EN
The chief aim of this article is to credit the work of the great 20th-century historian and Christian philosopher Étienne Gilson with recognizing the essential connection between philosophy as an act of the human soul and the essential health of any civilization, especial Western civilization, which gave birth to philosophy as a cultural enterprise. It maintains that, as Gilson recognized, having lost an understanding of this connection and the principles upon which it rests, for the past several centuries, the West has been engaged in a reckless civilizational adventure that, unless soon reversed, will result in civilizational collapse.
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Philosophy and Civilization

89%
Fafara R.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2018
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vol. 7
53-60
PL
W swoim eseju „Rola filozofii w dziejach cywilizacji” zaprezentowanym na VI Międzynarodowym Kongresie Filozoficznym na Harvardzie w 1926 r. Gilson nakreślił trzy ogólne tendencje wśród historyków filozofii. Po pierwsze, są tacy, którzy redukują historię filozofii do badania źródeł i znajdują wyjaśnienie filozofii poza nią samą (np. Marks i Durkheim). Twierdzą oni, że filozofie są niezbędnym produktem przyczyn w historii, takich jak elementy fizyczne lub społeczne poza samą osobą tworzącego filozofa. Po drugie, są ci, którzy starają się wyjść poza źródła danej filozofii, a nawet poza pojęcia i obrazy, w których jest ona wyrażona, aby znaleźć oryginalną intuicję, która je generuje. Historycy ci chcą wyjść poza „materiały”, które składają się na filozofię i lokalizują jej początkową intuicję. Trzecie stanowisko, które zaproponował Gilson, nie jest wrażliwe na to, co środowisko społeczne narzuca filozofowi, ani na wysiłek, przez który filozof unika tych ograniczeń. Filozofia w ujęciu samego Gilsona „jest przede wszystkim miłością do mądrości i nie ma mądrości bez prawdy”. Ale prawda nie zależy ani od społeczeństwa, ani od kreatywnego geniuszu filozofów; to po prostu prawda. Podczas gdy historia uznaje jedynie filozofie (np. Platona, Arystotelesa, św. Tomasza i Kartezjusza), Gilson wprowadził niehistoryczną koncepcję filozofii. Artykuł jest przedstawieniem niehistorycznej koncepcji filozofii Gilsona i próbą wskazania jej potrzeby w dzisiejszej filozofii i kulturze.
EN
In his essay "The Role of Philosophy in the History of Civilization" presented at the Sixth International Philosophical Congress at Harvard in 1926, Gilson outlined three general trends among historians of philosophy. Some reduce the history of philosophy to study sources and find explanations of the philosophy beyond itself (e.g., Marx). Others try to go beyond the source of a given philosophy to find the original intuition that generates it. A third position, which Gilson espoused, is ahistorical. It depends neither on society nor on the creative genius of philosophers; it is simply truth. Systems of philosophy are uniquely conditioned by the necessary relations that link the ideas. If philosophies are expressions of an eternal truth, dominating men and societies, which discovers itself progressively by the mediation of philosophers, philosophy is transcendent with regard to every given state of civilization and the worth of a civilization depends upon the extent it participates in truth. Gilson’s conception of philosophy can go far in restoring Western Civilization’s loss of confidence in human reason with its resulting pathologies and threats to human freedom today.
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GILSON AND PASCAL

88%
FAFARA R. J.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2014
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vol. 3
29-45
EN
Gilson’s early admiration for Pascal as a literary figure evolved into a deep appreciation of him as a Christian philosopher. Pascal showed Gilson that one could expect much more of philosophy than the idealism of René Descartes and Léon Brunschvicg so rampant in France during Gilson’s days as a student. Gilson’s existential Thomism, which highlighted Augustinian elements in St. Thomas’ thought, shares Pascal’s realism, his critique of rationalism, his situating philosophy within theology, and his view that the God of faith’s existence is largely independent of philosophical demonstrations that one gives of it. Despite many superficial dissimilarities, Gilson found Pascal’s scientific worldview continuous with the world of St. Thomas. Pascal, for Gilson, remained a model for the vocation of the Christian intellectual.
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EL APORTE DE ÉTIENNE GILSON AL PROBLEMA DE LA INMORTALIDAD DEL ALMA HUMANA EN CAYETANO

88%
Muñoz C. P. D.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2013
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vol. 2
33-49
EN
In his article the author reviews Cajetan’s different positions on the problem of the immortality of the human soul, and investigates possible reasons which led the Cardinal to dissent with the position of Thomas Aquinas. For this purpose, he invokes selected interpretations of distinguished scholars, with special reference to the approach of Étienne Gilson. Against the background of his analyses the authors attempts to give a synthesis which, as he hopes, can become a modest contribution to contemporary comments on the thought of this great French medievalist about the problem of the immortality of the human soul in Cajetan.
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AROUND “THE METAPHYSICS OF EXODUS”

88%
Filippi S.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 2
99-115
EN
The article is a contribution to the academic study on the transformations undergone by the notion of being, as the object of metaphysics, in the history of philosophy. It is concerned with the expression “Metaphysics of Exodus” forged by Étienne Gilson to describe the impact exercised by the Biblical passage of the Exodus 3:14 on the understanding of being in the Middle Ages. Beside Gilson’s understanding of being, in the scope of the article’s objectives a special place is taken by the analysis of Martin Heidegger’s interpretation of being and Jan Aertsen’s argument against Gilson’s position.
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Saint Thomas d’Aquin en tant que philosophe: le problème des sources

65%
Golonka W.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2013
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vol. 2
183-194
EN
The title issue of the article is the problem of the philosophical sources Thomas in his works. The author believes that the source of Thomas’ philosophy is Aristotle. He argues his position as follows: a) Thomas wrote 11 comments on philosophical works of Aristotle, b) he called him Philosopher, c) he regularly refers to Aristotle, even in his theological writings, d) teaching aristotelism dominates in the Thomistic philosophy.
PL
Tytułowym zagadnieniem artykułu jest problem filozoficznych źrodeł Tomasza. Autor uważa, że źródłem filozofii Tomasza jest Arystoteles. Argumentuje swoje stanowisko w następujący sposób: a) Tomasz napisał 11 komentarzy do filozoficznych dzieł Arystotelesa, b) nazywał go Filozofem, c) systematycznie odwołuje się do Arystotelesa, nawet w swych pismach teologicznych, d) nauczanie perypatetyzmu dominuje w filozofii tomistycznej.
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ÉTIENNE GILSON IN CHARLOTTESVILLE

63%
Fafara R., Jałocho-Palicka M.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 1
63-73
EN
Gilson became familiar with American academic life and language during the summer of 1926 when he first visited the United States and taught two summer courses at the University of Virginia. His international renown as well as his popularity at the University of Virginia resulted in a second visit in 1937 to present the Richard Lectures on Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages, which focused on the challenging theme of attempting to bring faith and knowledge into an organic unity. His dissection of three main philosophical traditions in the Middle Ages constituted an important step in Gilson reaching a satisfactory understanding of the relationship between philosophy and theology within the thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas.
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Gilson, Krapiec and Christian Philosophy Today

63%
Tarasiewicz P.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 4
281-392
EN
The author undertakes an attempt to answer the following question: is Christian philosophy possible today? The question seems to be of great importance due to the fact that what Christians who try to do philosophy usually encounter is bitter criticism which comes to them from two sides at once: that of academy and that of the Church. In short, for academy their philosophy is too Christian, and for the Church it is too academic. Being indebted to the insights of Étienne Gilson and Mieczyslaw A. Krapiec (the original Polish spelling: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, pronounced: myechisuaf albert krompyetz), the author comes to the conclusion that Christian philosophy is possible today only if: 1) it is not identified with the art of persuasion, as its final end lies in gaining understanding rather than being convincing, 2) it is the work of a Christian, and 3) it has the real world as its object and metaphysics as its method. For Christian philosophy—which in essence consists in doing philosophy by Christians in order to get more rational understanding of their religious faith—should be identified with the perfection of the intellect achieved by practicing the classical philosophy of being.
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Gilson’s Notion of Theologism in The Unity of Philosophical Experience and Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages

63%
Capehart J. D.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2019
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vol. 8
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issue 1
11-44
EN
The author examines Gilson’s development of the term “theologism” from his 1937 The Unity of Philosophical Experience and his 1938 Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages. This term is important for understanding Gilson’s developing doctrine on Christian philosophy. The treatment of it helps to show how Gilson’s understanding of Christian philosophy does not entail the formal conflation of philosophy with Christianity—as some have accused. In fact, the knowledge of what theologism is—referring primarily to the misuse of philosophy by the theologian—helps to set the stage for seeking an understanding of the proper relationship of Christianity to philosophy, a unity which maintains formal distinction. This knowledge also provides a hermeneutical tool for the proper interpretation of Gilson’s later writings on Christian philosophy.
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MARITAIN AND AQUINAS ON OUR DISCOVERY OF BEING

63%
Wippel J. F.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2014
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vol. 3
415-443
EN
The author presents and compares Maritain’s and Aquinas’s accounts of our discovery (1) of being as existing; and (2) of being as being (ens inquantum ens or the subject of metaphysics). He finds that especially in his final discussion of how one discovers being as being, Maritain’s account suffers greatly from the absence of any appeal to Aquinas’s negative judgment of separation and also from the omission of reference to the role of judgments of existence in one’s discovery of a premetaphysical notion of being. Wippel finds no evidence in Aquinas’s texts for Maritain’s defense of an intuition of being or of existence.
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Gilson, Darwin, and Intelligent Design

63%
FitzGerald D. J.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 4
349-361
EN
The article starts with stating the fact that today there is an increasing recognition of difficulties with Darwinism accompanied by vigorous responses on the part of Darwin’s defenders; among the instances of challenge to the dominant theory, one can find a book of Gilson, From Aristotle to Darwin and Back Again, and those behind the Intelligent Design movement. In relating the book of Gilson to the ID proponents, the author concludes that, while in some ways they are on the same side in opposing the anti-creation thrust of Darwinism, Gilson is neutral on the validity or truth of Darwin’s biological hypothesis. Gilson, however, whose book preceded the ID movement by some twenty years, seeks to analyze Darwinism from the perspective of the classical philosophy of nature. He well understands that, according to modern scientific method, final causes are excluded from consideration, but he calls for a biophilosophy which will be open to the reality of human experience as Aristotle was and recognize that teleology is present in nature. According to him, even if teleology seems to be a contestable explanation, chance as understood by Darwinists is the pure absence of explanation.
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“THE CONTINGENCY OF OUR OWN BEATITUDE.” SOME REFLECTIONS ON GILSON’S “THE FUTURE OF AUGUSTINIAN METAPHYSICS”

51%
Schall J. V.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 1
7-16
EN
Inspired by selected passages from Wendell Berry’s story “A Place in Time,” the article discusses Étienne Gilson’s essay “The Future of Augustinian Metaphysics” with a special regard to the relation of habits to metaphysics. The basis of this relation is human being whose life, from the perspective of Augustinian metaphysics, is permanently unsettled. Man is the one mortal being whose perfection does not come with his being, but only with his own input into what it already is. Habits, then, prefect an already constituted human being in what he or she is. Man is not born, however, with habits, but acquires them through acts of the virtues or vices. The article develops the Augustinian idea according to which the moral effort of man to pursue virtues and escape vices results not so much from his natural desire of ‘beatitude’, but rather from the fact of being led to God by God.
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Primo Cadit in Intellectu Ens: Gilson, Maritain, and Aquinas on Knowing Being

51%
Hayden E.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 1
33-62
EN
The author compares the views of Étienne Gilson, Jacques Maritain, and Thomas Aquinas on the order in our knowledge of being. While Gilson and Maritain maintain that esse and the actus essendi are what are first known, Aquinas maintains consistently that it is the existent thing or the ens itself that is first known. The paper proceeds by first laying out the positions of Gilson and Maritain as evidenced in their respective works Being and Some Philosophers and Existence and the Existent. Then, it manifests what in their positions is correct and in what they err. And finally, it argues that ens is the first thing known by appealing to the proper object of the intellect, the order between the acts of the intellect, and the intellect’s mode of procedure. In the course of these arguments, the primary authoritative sources used are the works of Aquinas.
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MODERNISM AND THE GROWING CATHOLIC IDENTITY PROBLEM: THOMISTIC REFLECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

38%
Erb H. M.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 3
251-283
EN
Philosophical forces gathered in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Catholic Modernism have crystallized into theological views which permeate the antinomian atmosphere in the Church today, resulting in an ongoing Catholic identity problem, both within the Church and in relation to the world. In place of the perennial philosophy and its contemplative ideal, many now welcome the incoherence of broad philosophical and theological pluralism, while pastoral practice is infused with the fruits of pragmatism and the rhetoric of false dichotomies (justice/mercy, intellectual/pastoral, tradition/living faith, speculative truth/charity, for example). To reverse this anti-intellectual course, rehabilitation of Aquinas’s positions on the primacy of the speculative order and contemplative charism, his integration of natural, revealed and mystical wisdoms, and his sense of objective worship, is needed. A brief account of the robust role of philosophy in the Church’s mission and of Gilson’s nuanced position on the encounter of Thomism and Modernism supports this assertion.
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