Search results

1

Religion, diplomacy and identity. Some remarks on the ayatollah Khomeini’s letter to Gorbachev

100%

Rzepka M.

Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

vol. 5

EN

The letter sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to Gorbachev seems to be important in modern Iranian historiography presenting Khomeini as an influential and prophet-like “father of the revolution”. The letter brings Khomeini’s personal insights into the situation of the Soviet Union offering to its leader Islam as the only solution for internal and external problems. The letter in fact may be consider an example or rather a product of Iranian political culture, an attempt to return to the global and finally as a Khomeini’s answer to history.

2

Upadek Związku Radzieckiego w świetle rosyjskich podręczników do historii

85%

Kadykało A.

Kultura i Edukacja

|

2017

|

issue 1(115)

31-49

EN

The aim of the article is to point out how in contemporary Russian school history textbooks the collapse of the Soviet Union and its consequences for Russia, Europe and the whole world are shown. By combining this information with public opinion polls, aimed at analyzing Russian attitude to this controversial period in history, an attempt was made to find an answer to the question of how in the cultural memory of Russians, transmitting the experience of the older generations to the younger, this groundbreaking change in the political system operates nowadays. The conducted analysis has shown that many Russian history textbooks present a balanced, unemotional picture of the process the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, there are also such textbooks, which include emotional negative opinions about the collapse of the Soviet superpower, considering this event as one of the most tragic moments in the history of the 20th century. The article cites excerpts from history textbooks for history, juxtaposing them with public opinion surveys (regarding the evaluation of the last CPSU Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev; an opinion about the possibility of avoiding the collapse of the USSR, the factors that cause the greatest sorrow for the state union). This juxtaposition has revealed that despite the passage of time, there is lack of one, acceptable to the general public version of events that took place a quarter of a century ago. Just as Russians evaluate events focused around the collapse of the USSR and its consequences differently, so authors of textbooks offer students interpretations of groundbreaking events very diverging from each other. Therefore, the article shows that the historical education of young Russians in relation to this specific period will be the sum of the family stories, reading textbook recommended by the teacher and teacher comments. This leads to the conclusion that the collapse of the USSR is an event affecting the cultural memory of Russians, though the evaluation of this period are still evolving.

3

Perestroika: a Sketch for a Portrait of the Erain the Social Memory of Russians

85%

Sadowski J.

Slavia Orientalis

|

2019

|

vol. LXVIII

|

issue 1

4

Konflikt między Gorbaczowem a Jelcynem 1987-1991

85%

Bartnicki A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2021

|

vol. 19

|

issue 4

5-17

PL

Historia relacji Gorbaczow-Jelcyn to historia upadku państwa sowieckiego. Być może żadne inne wydarzenie o porównywalnej skali nie zostało spowodowane osobistymi interakcjami dwóch polityków. Gorbaczow – początkowo mentor Jelcyna – upokorzył go. Jelcyn następnie wykorzystał reformy Gorbaczowa, aby w 1989 r. wrócić do polityki. Namiętna niechęć i wrogość, które rozwinęły się między politykami, utrudniały kompromis. W czerwcu 1991 roku Jelcyn został prezydentem Rosji. Sześć miesięcy później ZSRR przestał istnieć.

5

Economics and Politics of the Great Change: Mikhail Gorbachev versus Deng Xiaoping

61%

Kołodko G. W.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

|

2021

|

vol. 58

|

issue 1

5-15

PL

W historii ludzkości nie było takiego przypadku, by podczas krótkiego epizodu, jakim jest życie jednego pokolenia, wzajemne stosunki gospodarcze zmieniły się na tak dużą skalę dla tak wielu ludzi, jak to miało miejsce w Chinach i Rosji w latach 1989-2020. Oba kraje przechodzą głębokie zmiany strukturalne i instytucjonalne, tyle że o ile w pierwszym z nich w zakresie rozwoju i zmniejszania dystansu wobec krajów bogatych osiągnięto imponujące wyniki, to w drugim rezultaty są bardzo skąpe. Chociaż wynika to ze splotu różnych okoliczności – od dziedzictwa kulturowego po warunki geopolityczne, od spuścizny z okresu socjalizmu państwowego po zróżnicowanie w sferze posiadanych zasobów naturalnych – to charakter i długotrwałość politycznego przywództwa Deng Xiaopinga w Chinach i Michaiła Gorbaczowa w Rosji miały fundamentalne znaczenie. Bez uwzględnienia wpływu myśli i czynów tych dwóch mężów stanu nie sposób zrozumieć istoty tektonicznych przesunięć, jakie podczas ostatnich dekad zaistniały w światowej gospodarce.

EN

In the history of mankind, there has never been a case where, in a brief episode of the life of one generation, mutual economic relations have changed on such a large scale for so many people as they did in China and Russia in 1989-2020. Both countries are undergoing profound structural and institutional changes, but while the former recorded impressive results in terms of developing and catching up with advanced economies, the latter’s achievements have been very modest. This happened due to many factors – from the traditional cultural heritage to geopolitical conditions, from the legacy from the previous state socialism to different natural resources bases – however, the nature and duration of the political leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China and Mikhail Gorbachev in Russia were of fundamental importance. Without taking into account the influence of the thoughts and actions of these two statesmen, it is impossible to understand the essence of tectonic changes that have occurred in the world economy recently.

6

Pierestrojka i tragiczne wydarzenia w Sumgaicie

57%

Szmurło Z. T.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

|

2013

|

vol. 10

267-284

EN

When Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985, started a new course of social and political transformations. His double the „perestroika” („reconstruction”) and „glasnost” („openness”) introduced profound changes in the economy, domestic politics and international relations. Perestroika has led the growth of social activity criticism of the Communist Party. She awoke the national consciousness of the enslaved peoples of the Soviet Union, who wanted to stand out for independence. It also woke feuds between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, and led to the bloody massacres of Armenians living in Azerbaijan. This article has been shown elements of transformation as a result, wake historical memory and national identity of Armenians, who can not be reconciled with the inability to recover the lands in Nagorno-Karabakh, that the decision of Stalin were transferred to Azerbaijan. On the wave of nationalist movements caused by perestroika, there were pogroms in Sumgait Armenian population (February 1988), which largely led to the Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict in 1988–1994 in Nagorno-Karabakh. To this day, the question of the nationality of the Nagorno-Karabakh is a matter of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan, has become frozen and dangerous conflict in the post-Soviet space.

7

Laboratorium pierestrojki? Generał Jaruzelski na geopolitycznej szachownicy

57%

Kozłowski T.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

|

2023

|

issue 20

219-244

EN

The article consists of two parts. The first describes the genesis and implementation of the Soviet Union’s new policy towards the socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Its main idea was to widen the margin of political freedom while limiting financial support. The second part describes the implementation of this strategy on the example of the Polish People’s Republic from the mid-1980s until the transformation.

PL

Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej z nich opisana jest geneza oraz wdrożenie nowej polityki Związku Radzieckiego względem krajów socjalistycznych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Jej głównym założeniem było poszerzenie marginesu swobody politycznej przy jednoczesnym ograniczeniu wsparcia finansowego. W drugiej części opisana jest implementacja tej strategii na przykładzie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej od połowy lat osiemdziesiątych aż do momentu transformacji.

Refine search results

1 Kultura i Edukacja

1 Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

1 Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia

1 Polityka i Społeczeństwo

1 Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

1 Slavia Orientalis

1 Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

1 2023

1 2022

1 2021

1 2019

1 2017

2 2013

1 Bartnicki A.

1 Kadykało A.

1 Kozłowski T.

1 Kołodko G. W.

1 Rzepka M.

1 Sadowski J.