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1

Słowa, symbole, znaczenia – badania dziejów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w aspekcie nauk pomocniczych historii, red. Rūta Čapaitė, Gitana Zujienė, Wilno 2019

100%

Zawadzki J.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2020

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vol. 27

382-386

2

Ženklai, simboliai, prasmės. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės tyrimai pagalbinių istorijos mokslų aspektu. Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. Sudarytojos Rūta Čapaitė, Gitana Zujienė, Vilnius 2019

100%

Zawadzki J.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2020

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vol. 27

382-386

PL

recenzja

EN

Review

3

Janusz Radziwiłł, czyli o odpowiedzialności polityka

100%

Wisner H.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2011

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vol. 3

59-78

LT

1654 m. Maskva nutraukė taikos sutartį su Respublika ir pradėjo karą. Kitais metais tai padarė Švedija. Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, netekusi Lenkijos, su kuria nuo 1569 m. sudarė Abiejų Tautų Respubliką, paramos, buvo nepajėgi stoti prieš susijungusius Maskvą ir kazokus. Maža to, jų veiksmus lydėjo gyventojų naikinimas ir išvežimas į Maskvos valstybės gilumą. Idėjos sumanytoju galėjo būti Vilniaus vyskupas Jurgis Tiškevičius, tačiau pagrindinį vaidmenį derybose vaidino Vilniaus vaivada ir Lietuvos didysis etmonas Jonušas Radvila (1612-1655). Pasekmė buvo ta, kad Lenkijoje jis laikomas išdaviku. Lietuvoje jis buvo paskelbtas didvyriu, kuris nutraukė kritikuojamą ryšį su Lenkija. Autoriaus manymu, kunigaikštis rinkosi ne tarp Lenkijos ir Švedijos, bet tarp Švedijos ir sunaikinimo. O klausimas, kurį reikėtų kelti, nėra tai, ar kunigaikščio elgesys reiškė išdavystę (beje, reikėtų patikslinti, kieno: Respublikos ir Lenkijos Karūnos, ar taip pat ir Lietuvos), bet, kaip šioje situacijoje turi elgtis žmogus, kuris jaučia atsakomybę už savo kraštą.

EN

In 1654, Moscow broke the peace treaty with the Kingdom of Poland and started military operations. Sweden followed suit in 1655. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (which had been part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569), deprived of Polish aid, was unable to resist the combined forces of Moscow and the Cossacks. What’s more, the military operations were accompanied with the extermination and abduction of the population into the Muscovite state. In this situation, Lithuania decided to choose the lesser of two evils and subject itself to Sweden. The idea originated from the bishop of Vilnius, Jerzy Tyszkiewicz, but the major role in the negotiations was played by Janusz Radziwiłł (1612-1655), voivode of Vilnius and the Grand Hetman of Lithuania. As a result, he is considered a traitor in Poland. In Lithuania, he was proclaimed a hero who severed the much-criticized relationship with Poland. According to the author, the Prince did not make a choice between Poland and Sweden, but between Sweden and complete annihilation. The question to be asked is not whether the Prince’s decision was an act of betrayal (this also needs to be further specified: who did he betray? Poland? The Crown? Or also Lithuania?). One needs to ask: how should a person who feels responsible for their country have behaved when faced with such insurmountable odds?

4

Szymon Kossakowski. Dzieje jednej kariery

80%

Dolinskas V.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2011

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vol. 3

79-101

LT

Straipsnį sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje pristatomi Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės paskutiniojo didžiojo etmono Simono Kosakovskio biografiniai duomenys, ypatingą dėmesį atkreipiant į jo veiklą Baro ir Targovicos konfederacijos metais. Pagrindinės aptariamos valstybinės bei visuomeninės raiškos sritys – tai politinė veikla, karyba ir diplomatija. Antroje straipsnio dalyje mėginama įvertinti S. Kosakovskio veiklą ir jo karjerą Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje, suprasti šios istorinės asmenybės sprendimus nulėmusius faktorius, apibūdinti tradicionalistų politinės grupuotės nuostatas. Straipsnyje pateikiama daug naujos archyvinės medžiagos, stengiamasi diskutuoti su įsigalėjusiais istoriografijos stereotipais.

EN

The article consists of two parts. The first part presents biographical data about the the last Grand Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, especially his activities during the time of the Bar and Targowica Confederations. Primary emphasis is on the political, military, and diplomatic aspects of his career. The second part tries to analyze and evaluate his activities and career in the service of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, to understand the factors which helped determine his decisions, and to describe the attitudes of the traditionalist political group. The article contains much new archival material and challenges entrenched historical stereotypes.

5

Some remarks on the history of the Karaites in Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th century

80%

Witkowski R.

Karaite Archives

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2013

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issue 1

211-242

EN

The articles deals with the medieval sources on the history of the Karaites who appeared in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the reign of duke Vitold (Vytautas). Many of them were already analyzed by researchers, whoever some questions still remained unanswered or presented not always in fully critical way. The research questions deal with the original privilege issued by Lithuanian monarchs to the Karaites, allegedly participation of the Karaites at the battle of Tannenberg or travel description left by Burgundian knight Gilbert de Lannoy. It seems that the first written document, shaping he legal position of the Karaites in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was issued by duke Casimir Jagellonides in 1441. The charter of grand duke Vitold, drawn in 1388, was certainly forged sometime in the 15th century. The Bavarian Latin chronicle informing that a Jewish (in fact, Karaite?) military unit supported Polish-Lithuanian army at the battle of Tannenberg in 1410, transmitted only political propaganda, and did not reflect a real fact. Famous Burgundian traveler, who visited Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the beginning of the15th century, met Karaites in Troki.

6

Wielki książę Witold. Wizerunek władcy

80%

Mickūnaitė G.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2011

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vol. 3

37-58

LT

Kaip valdovai tampa “didžiaisiais”? Kiek didybę lemia valdovų turima galia, o kiek kuriamas ir koreguojamas jų įvaizdis? Atsakymų į šiuos klausimus ieškoma didžiojo kunigaikščio Vytauto (valdė 1392-1430) biografijoje ir atminime. Teigiama, kad Vytautas buvo pagrindinis savojo įvaizdžio kūrėjas, o jo amžininkai ir vėlesnės kartos šį įvaizdį papildė ir pritaikė savo reikmėms ir valdžios sampratoms. Kaip parodė analizė, būta dviejų Vytauto – gerojo valdovo ir tirono – įvaizdžių. Stebina tai, kad šie priešingi vertinimai buvo grindžiami tais pačiais didžiojo kunigaikščio būdo bruožais ar jo gyvenimo faktais. Tai, kas Lietuvoje vertinta kaip geistina tvirta valdžia, Vakarų Europoje laikyta tironija. Galbūt šie prieštaravimai lėmė ypatingą Vytauto įvaizdžio gajumą ir svarbą įvairių laikų Lietuvos istorijai?

EN

How does a ruler become “the Great”? Is greatness a part of authority exercised or a part of an image created? These and other questions are addressed to the life and memory of Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania (1392-1430). The study raises a hypothesis that Vytautas was the main engineer of his image as the great ruler while his contemporaries and later generations developed this image adapting it to their needs and understandings. The inquiry reveals the existence of two opposite images of the grand duke: that of a good ruler and that of a tyrant. The paradox is that frequently these opposites were based on the same features of the grand duke’s character or episodes from his biography. However, what Lithuanians understood as a desirable strong hand rule, the westerners regarded as tyranny. Perhaps, these contradictions lie at the source of the longevity of the image and its importance for the history of Lithuania.

7

Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnego

80%

Węgorowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2014

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vol. 38

244-262

EN

The essay contains reflections on the ways of using erudite linguistics, a young discipline created by me, in the study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands. Correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic conclusions (culture, history, art, gemology) permits us to look in a new way at many facts of the Polish Northeastern Borderlands that linguists had not been interested in before, such as old Polish Northeastern Borderlands museum artifacts, jewelry of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn, cult of the dead in the Polish Northeastern Borderlands, architecture of the old Vilnius, manor house in Czombrów – the prototype of Soplicowo (the village in Pan Tadeusz epic poem), descriptions of Henryk Poddębski’s daguerreotype images, Vilnius identity of Henryk Szylkin or symbolic-figurative nicknames of Vilnius.

PL

Szkic jest refleksją o sposobach wykorzystywania stworzonego przeze mnie, kilkunastoletniego zaledwie, językoznawstwa erudycyjnego w badaniach nad problematyką wielkoksiążęcą i północnokresową. Korelacja ustaleń językoznawczych z ustaleniami pozajęzykowymi (kultura, historia, sztuka, gemmologia…) pozwoliła na nowe odczytanie wielu kresowych faktów, które nie były dotąd przedmiotem zainteresowania językoznawców, jak np.: artefakty dawnych północnokresowych muzeów, wielkoksiążęce precjoza, Ikona Ostrobramska, północnokresowy kult zmarłych, architektura dawnego Wilna, prototyp Soplicowa – dwór w Czombrowie, opisy dagerotypów Henryka Poddębskiego, wileńska tożsamość Henryka Szylkina czy symboliczno-metaforyczne nazwy Wilna.

8

Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnego

80%

Węgorowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2014

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vol. 38

EN

Heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands in the light of erudite linguisticsThe essay contains reflections on the ways of using erudite linguistics, a young discipline created by me, in the study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands.Correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic conclusions (culture, history, art, gemology) permits us to look in a new way at many facts of the Polish Northeastern Borderlands that linguists had not been interested in before, such as old Polish Northeastern Borderlands museum artifacts, jewelry of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn, cult of the dead in the Polish Northeastern Borderlands, architecture of the old Vilnius, manor house in Czombrów – the prototype of Soplicowo (the village in Pan Tadeusz epic poem), descriptions of Henryk Poddębski’s daguerreotype images, Vilnius identity of Henryk Szylkin or symbolic-figurative nicknames of Vilnius. Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnegoSzkic jest refleksją o sposobach wykorzystywania stworzonego przeze mnie, kilkunastoletniego zaledwie, językoznawstwa erudycyjnego w badaniach nad problematyką wielkoksiążęcą i północnokresową.Korelacja ustaleń językoznawczych z ustaleniami pozajęzykowymi (kultura, historia, sztuka, gemmologia…) pozwoliła na nowe odczytanie wielu kresowych faktów, które nie były dotąd przedmiotem zainteresowania językoznawców, jak np.: artefakty dawnych północnokresowych muzeów, wielkoksiążęce precjoza, Ikona Ostrobramska, północnokresowy kult zmarłych, architektura dawnego Wilna, prototyp Soplicowa – dwór w Czombrowie, opisy dagerotypów Henryka Poddębskiego, wileńska tożsamość Henryka Szylkina czy symboliczno-metaforyczne nazwy Wilna.

9

Communities and Their Temples: Orthodox, Jewish, Protestant, and Catholic: Religious Delimitations in the Historical Topography of Słuck

80%

Cieśla M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2017

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vol. 116

PL

The article analyses the religious topography of Słuck (today, Sluck in Belarus). Słuck was an important hub of Orthodoxy and Protestantism in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; moreover, 38 percent of its population was Jewish. Detailed analysis of legal documents and urban inventories showed that there were areas within the town bounds which were reserved for the Christian communities active there. The spatial balance was upset in the former half of the eighteenth century, with Catholic orders brought into the town. The Jews were the only group that was legally barred from choosing a place to reside. The municipal authorities endeavoured to restrict the Jewish settlement to one street. Members of Jewish financial elite were the only ones to succeed in crossing the legal boundaries and settle down at the ‘Christian’ streets ofSłuck.

10

Languages in contact and conflict on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL)

80%

Bednarczuk L.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2013

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vol. 37

EN

Languages in Contact and Conflict on the Territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL)Professor Uriel Weinreich, born and raised in Wilno / Vilnius, in his famous work Languages in contact (1953/1970), apart from some remarks concerning Slavic influences on the North-East variety of Yiddish, in fact does not mention the linguistic contacts on the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He does, however, rightly observe that a particular brand of language loyalty can be made subservient to aggressive purposes and lead to conflict – not just language conflict at that. As an example of this, Weinreich quotes a ban on the use of the words pan ‘mister, sir’ and Żyd ‘Jew’, introduced by the Soviet authorities in Polish-language press after 1939. Outside-forces-inspired conflict of the 19th and 20th century notwithstanding, the former GDL has always been a territory of language contact, and its inhabitants have for centuries formed a multilingual community, akin to the Balkan Language League.The article deals with: (1) questions of terminology; (2) the ethnolinguistic situation on the territory of the GDL; (3) the functional distribution of the languages and dialects used therein; (4) examples of inter-lingual transpositions; and (5) the linguistic community of the GDL.Языковые контакты и конфликты на территории Великого княжества Литовского (ВКЛ)Виленский уроженец, профессор Уриел Вейнраих, в своей знаменитой книге о языковых контактах (1953/1970), кроме заметок о славянском влиянии на северо-восточный вариант диалекта идиш, не упоминает о языковых контактах на землях бывшего ВКЛ, но справедливо указывает, что особо понимаемая языковая лояльность может привести к агрессии и конфликтам, причём не только языковым. В качестве примера учёный приводит запрет на использование в польскоязычной советской прессе, издаваемой после 1939 года, слов pan / ‘господин’ и żyd / ‘еврей’. Несмотря на инспирируемые внешними силами языковые конфликты в девятнадцатом и двадцатом веках, жители бывшего ВКЛ всегда находились во взаимных языковых контактах, образуя с древних времён до наших дней многоязычную общность, напоминающую по своей структуре балканскую языковую лигу.В статье рассматриваются: 1) вопросы терминологии, 2) этнолингвистическая ситуация на территории ВКЛ, 3) функциональное распределение используемых языков и диалектов, 4) примеры языковых транспозиций между ними, и 5) коммуникативное сообщество ВКЛ.

11

Obrazy unii między Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim a Królestwem Polskim w litewskiej pamięci zbiorowej (koniec XIX w. – 1940 r.)

80%

Mačiulis D.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2017

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vol. 41

EN

The images of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Union of the Kingdom of Poland in Lithuanian collective memory (end of the 19th c. – 1940)Since the end of the 19th century the Lithuanian national movement created several narrations about national history, which presented a negative evaluation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Union of the Kingdom of Poland. Polonization of Lithuania was highlighted as the most negative consequence of these Unions.All unions formed under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Union of the Kingdom of Poland got negative evaluation in the discourse of Lithuanian nationalism. However, the Union of Lublin was considered to be the greatest harm – it was evaluated as a fatal moment in the Lithuanian history giving rise to the processes of dangerous Lithuanian national ethnic identity loss. The Lithuanian national movement proclaimed cultural and political independence, and declared that the revival of historical ideal of the Unions’ national identity was unacceptable for the Lithuanian nation.When discussing the Lithuanians’ rights to political independence with the Polish public figures and reacting to ambitions of the Polish political figures to restore Poland with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth national borders of 1772, in the Lithuanian press the image of two Unions (usually, the Union of Lublin) was presented as the symbol underlying the Lithuanian national political and cultural dependence. The image of the Union of Lublin was like an obligatory illustration of the Lithuanian nationalism discourse underlining the negative consequences of the union for the Lithuanian nation. It was the Union of Lublin that became the generalized image of all unions and the symbol of Lithuanian political, ethnic, cultural dependence, the memory location underlying the traumatic memory.The initiatives of the Polish public figures to actualize the memories about the unions caused the Lithuanians’ negative response and numerous discussions. A similar situation happened in 1913 when the Polish society mentioned the 500th anniversary of the Herald Union. The celebration of this anniversary was evaluated by Lithuanians as a Polish attempt to revive the political union ideal – as an attempt to make Lithuania a part of Poland. The debates of those times were used by the public figures of the Lithuanian national movement in order to emphasize the orientation of the Lithuanian national movement towards the cultural and political emancipation and underline that the Lithuanians do not accept any idea of state revival reasoned by historical unions.The image of unions in the interwar Lithuania of the 20th century was the most vivid in propagandist discourse during the fights for Lithuanian independence and when trying to restore the historical capital, Vilnius. This image was used as a rhetoric figure of propagandist discourse symbolizing the Lithuanian slavery and a threat of its dependence on Poland. Obrazy unii między Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim a Królestwem Polskim w litewskiej pamięci zbiorowej (koniec XIX w. – 1940 r.)Od końca XIX w. litewski ruch narodowy tworzył narracje historyczne, w których unie między Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim (dalej WKL) a Królestwem Polskim oceniano negatywnie. Za największy negatywny skutek unii uznano polonizację Litwy.W litewskim dyskursie nacjonalistycznym negatywnie oceniono wszystkie unie zawarte między WKL a Królestwem Polskim, jednak jako największe zło traktowano unię lubelską – decydujący punkt w historii Litwy, od którego rozpoczął się groźny proces utraty tożsamości przez naród litewski. Litewski ruch narodowy głosił dążenie do wolności kulturowej i politycznej. Towarzyszyła temu deklaracja, że dla narodu litewskiego nie do przyjęcia jest odrodzenie historycznej unijnej idei państwowości.W toczącej się w prasie litewskiej dyskusji z polskimi działaczami społecznymi o prawach Litwinów do samodzielności politycznej oraz w reakcji na ambicje polskich działaczy społecznych przywrócenia państwowości Polski w granicach Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów z 1772 r., obraz unii (najczęściej lubelskiej) pojawiał się jako symbol zależności politycznej i kulturowej narodu litewskiego. Wizja unii lubelskiej była obowiązkową ilustracją litewskiego dyskursu nacjonalistycznego, świadczącą o negatywnych skutkach unii dla Litwinów. To właśnie unia lubelska stała się uogólnionym obrazem wszystkich unii oraz symbolem niewoli politycznej, narodowej i kulturowej Litwinów, traumatycznym miejscem pamięci.Inicjatywy polskich działaczy, by przywrócić pamięć o uniach, wywoływały negatywną reakcję ze strony Litwinów i rodziły dyskusje. Tak się stało, na przykład, w 1913 r., gdy polskie społeczeństwo obchodziło jubileusz 500. rocznicy unii horodelskiej. Obchody te oceniono jako próbę Polaków ożywienia idei unii politycznej – dążenie do uczynienia z Litwy części Polski. Ówczesne dyskusje działacze litewskiego ruchu narodowego wykorzystali do tego, by podkreślić swoje dążenie do emancypacji kulturowej i politycznej oraz zaznaczenia, że Litwini nie akceptują żadnej idei odrodzenia państwowości, opartej na uniach historycznych.W okresie międzywojennym na Litwie obraz unii najbardziej był dostrzegalny w dyskursie propagandowym w okresie walk o niepodległość Litwy oraz w dążeniu do odzyskania historycznej stolicy Wilna. Obraz ten wykorzystano jako figurę retoryczną dyskursu propagandowego, symbolizującą niewolę Litwy i jej uzależnienie od Polski.

12

„Pomoc nie tylko dla zgromadzenia mego…” Działalność edytorska benedyktynek wileńskich za rządów ksieni Franciszki Anny Wołłowiczówny

71%

Gwioździk J.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 2

68-91

EN

At the end of Saxon times and in the king Stanisław period, the Benedictine monastery in Vilnius was a community of people who used various types of prints; in accordance with the patterns of behavior and communication habits characteristic of the feminine contemplative community. The merits of Wołłowiczówna were twofold: she initialized the creation of the texts and she resumed and subsidized prints, which were published for the use of the monastery and to meet the religious needs of the society. The created texts were mainly works in the field of theology of spirituality, which certified the role of the written word in the monastery, and normative as well as formative works, which were used in the internal circulation of the monastery (and in other monasteries of various rules). The translated and native ascetical literature and brackish texts, however, were made available not only to the Benedictines, but also to the public. Also,occasional prints were published: those created and maintained the monastery’s bonds with the clergy and the local society and, at the same time, documented important events in the life of the community.

13

The Phenomenon of Clientage and the Organisation of Diplomatic Activities in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century

70%

Sirutavičius M.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

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2018

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issue 2

PL

Researchers of the sixteenth-century European diplomacy discuss diplomatic networks and daily life activities of ambassadors conditioned by the development of residential diplomacy. At the same time, historians of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth study diplomatic phenomena of a different kind since a resident mission system was not developed in Poland-Lithuania. The practice of temporary legations persisted and led to the development of distinctive features of envoys’ diplomatic activities during their missions. It also is possible to see different circumstances when looking into the question of the professionalization of Polish-Lithuanian diplomats and their personal qualities relevant to their diplomatic missions. The study of this problem reveals that, in the case of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a relatively strong patron-client relationship occurred as well as close links between the patronage system and organisation of diplomatic activities. Research into the practice of assigning envoys to diplomatic missions makes it possible to establish that almost all lower-rank envoys between the midand last decade of the sixteenth century were clients of the Radziwill family, dominating the political life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at that time. One of the main tasks of the Radziwill clients nominated as diplomatic envoys was to supply information to their patrons. At the same time, we can also see an attempt to control diplomatic communications with foreign countries. This group of Radziwill clients, who performed various diplomatic missions, is the subject of the analysis presented in this article. I try to determine here the reasons for appointing particular clients as foreign envoys and see how their diplomatic functions influenced their future careers.

14

Book culture in the male orders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 15th–18th centuries (assumptions of a research project)

70%

Pietrzkiewicz I.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2017

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vol. 15

333-340

EN

The aim of the research realised within the project was to present the book culture in the Roman Catholic men monasteries existing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the elimination of the urban monastery network and the cassation of its individual outposts. An analysis was made of the literature created and used by these communities. The project assumed a multi-aspect presentation of the phenomena and processes of functioning of the texts in monastic environments. The research included an analysis of the formation and education of monks, the canon of the books created and stored by them, which were used in priesthood, education, but also scientific and readership work and the monastic publishing initiatives in the context of the social interactions of these monasteries

15

Kitabistyka: źródła, metodologia i perspektywy badawcze

70%

Łapicz C.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2017

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vol. 24

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issue 2

111-124

PL

The paper contains a synthetic discussion of original and little known philological manuscripts which had been created since the 16th century by Tatars – Muslims of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – as characteristic Slavic aljamiado. The preserved manuscripts in which Slavic languages – Polish and Belarusian – were recorded in the Arabic alphabet are enormously important for the history of both languages and the Slavic-Oriental language relations. Various types of these historical texts (kitabs, chamails, tajweeds, etc.) contain the first, that is the oldest (16th century), translation of the Quran into a Slavic language (Polish) recorded in the Arabic alphabet (so-called tafsir). These sources are studied within the framework of an original philological sub-discipline of Kitab Studies whose origin and development should be credited to Professor Anton Antonovich from Vilnius University. The author of the paper discusses the research methodology pertaining to these sources, particularly the transliteration of Slavic texts recorded in the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet, and introduces prospective major research tasks for Kitab Studies.

16

Antropologiczna orientacja słowa 'prawo' w twórczości Adama Mickiewicza

70%

Lizisowa M. T.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2013

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vol. 37

EN

The anthropological orientation of the word law in Adam Mickiewicz’s writingsThis article discusses the anthropological orientation of the word law in Adam Mickiewicz’s writings. The author claims that this word is essential for the interpretation of the poet’s historiosophical thought, in the context of legal culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The citizens of Lithuanian territories recognized the 16th century Statutes as a distinctive feature of the state’s cultural identity, because they were still effective in the judicature under the Russian Partition, and in social awareness they remained a semblance of the independence from the foreign rule. The Romantic understanding of law, state and morality resulted in perceiving these values as “the spirit of the world” of which the image of virtue was born. In the dimension of legal discourse, law as an idea takes a real shape in its definition, in poetic tropes, and in scholarly discussions, but most of all in the actions of literary characters. The metaphorical and symbolic meanings of law manifest themselves in the topos of the court of law, judging what is right and what is wrong; good and bad faith; in family, social and political relations. The analysis of the texts has shown that the poet, by depicting the way of perceiving and understanding the organisation of political life in analogy to family life, enclosed his own personal vision of law and order in the structures of language. Антропологическая ориентация слова право в творчестве Адама МицкевичаСтатья посвящена антропологической ориентации слова право в текстах Адама Мицкевича. Автор утверждает, что слово является ключом к интерпрета ции главной историософической мысли поэта в контексте юридической культуры Великого княжества Литовского. Культурообразующим знаком государства для жителей литовских земель были статуты XVI века, которые были обязательны еще на территории аннексированной Россией, а в общественном сознании oни были символом зависимости от чужой власти. Понимание права, государства и моральности в Романтизме отражают ценности, олицетворяющие «дух мира», который рождает представление о добродетели. В юридическом дискурсе право как идея добра принимает реальную форму в определении, в поэтических тропах и в ученых выводах, а прежде всего в действиях литературных героев. Метафорическое и символическое значение права выражается в теме суда, устанавливающего правых и виноватых, выносящего решение о добрых и злых намерениях в семейных, общественных и политических отношениях. Анализ текстов показывает, что поэт, проводя аналогию между политической и семейной жизнью, в структурах языка реализует собственное представление о законности.

17

Józefa Mackiewicza idea restytucji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w kontekście geostrategii państw Europy Wschodniej w dobie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

70%

Hylewski M.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2018

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vol. 11

65-89

PL

The paper is an attempt at summarising Józef Mackiewicz’s views concerning the idea of resurrection of the statehood of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the interwar period. Its objective is to present the cultural and political foundations for the project in question that were present in deliberations of the so-called ‘Vilnius natives’ but also sources that are basically absent in the domestic thought in the form of a geopolitical profit and loss account that Mackiewicz brings to the fore. The paper also discusses the reasons (the ‘carnival of nationalisms’) due to which the accomplishment of Mackiewicz’s vision, as well as of similar projects implying enhanced integration and cooperation between the states of Eastern Europe, was impossible in the existing political conditions.

18

Wizerunki Michała Kazimierza Paca – przegląd ikonografii hetmana litewskiego i wojewody wileńskiego

70%

Czyż A. S.

Artifex Novus

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2020

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issue 4

86-110

EN

The article deals with the little-known portraits of Michał Kazimierz Pac. They demonstrate that he did take proven self-aggrandizement measures used by others to portray themselves as public figures and as individual full of virtues. However, Pac concentrated on his soldierly service, disregarding his offices of the Vilnian voivode, possibly because he considered them prestigious but not so much important as his laudable hetmanly deeds on the battlefield. Also, there are no private or collective portraits of Michał Kazimierz Pac in his iconography, other than the frescos from the church in Pożajście, although these forms of artistic communication were known and used in the Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth. The most likely explanation of these two “gaps” is that Pac never married and devoted whole his life to the military career and to the building of the church under the invocation of St. Peter and St. Paul in the Antokol in Vilnius as his monument. Pac took care of his promotion after earning the field baton, which event started his further career. The compositional scheme he chose, codified by the lost full-body portrait by Daniel Schulz, was augmented in time by the addition of pieces of armor. This pattern was later repeated a number of times, growing in new attributes of the hetman’s office and in military staffage, as seen in the portrait from the Antokol church. The equestrian portrait (woodcut) of the hetman is an outstanding and early milestone in the formation of his public image.

PL

W artykule zebrano i omówiono portrety Michała Kazimierza Paca, hetmana wielkiego litewskiego i wojewody wileńskiego, jednej ze znakomitszych postaci swoich czasów. Wizerunki Paca nie doczekały się do tej pory szerszych omówień. W artykule ukazano je w kontekście awansów na kolejne urzędy, co wymagało podjęcia szeregu działań z autokreacją. Jej częścią były też herby i eksponowanie powiązań genealogicznych. W artykule omówiono całą znaną ikonografię hetmana, a także wzajemne zależności pomiędzy portretami.

19

On Translations of the Emerald to Ruthenian

70%

Чистякова М.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2018

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issue 14

PL

Several attempts were made in the Kyiv Metropolis to translate the basic version of the Emerald (Izmaragd) from Church Slavonic to Ruthenian. These translations were fragmentary, though. The oldest translation, limited to 17 initial chapters of the Emerald, is known in the version dating back to the last quarter of the 15th century. This translation was later partially (8 сhapters) used in compiling the Gnojno version of the Emerald, which consisted of 29 texts in Ruthenian. At least four other Ruthenian chapters from the Emerald dating back to late 16th century are contained in the collection from Pavel Simson’s compendium No 2. Another three texts are found in a collection which dates back to early 17th century and is stored in the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv.

20

Demografia rodziny magnackiej w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim na tle elit zachodnioeuropejskich. Wybrane problemy

61%

Liedke M.

Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 1

37-70

EN

The article presents the results of the research on the age of newlyweds, the length of marriages, the number of children in the family and life expectancy for the magnate family in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries, and the comparison of those numbers with the parameters established by West-European historical demographers for aristocratic elites from Britain, France, Germany and Portugal and the families that ruled in Europe. The demographic parameters for the magnate family have been obtained from the database that contains information on particular genealogical facts such as the date of birth, marriage and death, and the number of children (collected in library and archival queries for nine families) and they have been compared with the results arrived at by West-European researchers. The results for the magnate family indicate that the average age of men who contract marriage for the first time is included between over 23 to over 27 years; that is also the age range when European aristocrats contracted marriages, but the average age approached the upper limit more frequently. The age at which women from magnate families contracted marriage for the first time also correlates with the data concerning European female aristocrats, that is to say between 18 and 23–24, and approaches the upper limit of the interval. In the case of other parameters the magnate family were of lower value. The length of marriage in magnate families was shorter than in England, the number of children in a family also was smaller, and life expectancy was usually shorter both for men and women. When we compare the data concerning magnate families with the analogous parameters concerning the West-European elites we can see that the magnate families from Lithuania were generally less healthy. The increase of nearly all the demographic parameters in the 18th century in their case was after all inferior to the ones referring to similar social groups in England and France. There is a possibility that difficulties connected with obtaining complete data and – as a result – a less numerous research sample, as well as taking into consideration only the children that had grown to the adult age (in the West-European samples all the children that had been born were counted) have influenced the values of the parameters and made them less reliable. That is why it is a need to continue the research and to concentrate on other problems (which are important from the point of view of functioning of the family), such as the size of definite celibate in the group in question, the percentage of second and third marriages, the problem of illegitimate children, etc.

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Słowa, symbole, znaczenia – badania dziejów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w aspekcie nauk pomocniczych historii, red. Rūta Čapaitė, Gitana Zujienė, Wilno 2019

Ženklai, simboliai, prasmės. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės tyrimai pagalbinių istorijos mokslų aspektu. Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. Sudarytojos Rūta Čapaitė, Gitana Zujienė, Vilnius 2019

Janusz Radziwiłł, czyli o odpowiedzialności polityka

Szymon Kossakowski. Dzieje jednej kariery

Some remarks on the history of the Karaites in Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th century

Wielki książę Witold. Wizerunek władcy