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EN
Dozens of thousands Greek children lived in the childtowns in the 1940 and 1950s. Although this experience had profound consequences to their lives, there is to this day no serious study of what exactly was the impact of the childtowns on the children’s values and way of life. I interviewed four children and asked them about the differences between the childtowns and their villages. The key finding is that most children first came in touch with – and chose to accept – a modern and urban way of life in the childtowns. This suggests that despite the objections about the ideological motivations and use of the childtowns, these institutions had a profound impact on Modern Greek cultural identity.
EN
The subject of this article is the fate of the Greek political refugees – specifically personsforcibly resettled in Poland and other countries of the Soviet Bloc, evacuated from territoriesengrossed in the Civil War of 1946-1949. After a long period in exile, some returned to theirhome country and began a new life, struggling with economic, familial, social, linguistic and cultural problems. The history of the Greek refugees and their re-immigration illustrates the irreversibility and irreparability of the social and psychological damage done by forcedmigration. Returns to the homeland did not reinstate balance, and did not ease the dilemmasinitiated by the first resettlement. History is stuck in the memories as well as the everyday lives of the return migrants and their social milieus; this creates divides, mutual strangeness, and social tensions. Compulsory movement of populations – leading to the severance of connections with one’s fatherland, hometown, mother tongue, and home culture – causes subsequent conflicts and identity problems which continue to haunt those who returned to their birthplace.
EN
The Macedonian question was a key concern during the Greek Civil War, especially during its final phase (1946–1949). This article is based on research using primary archival material from the National Archive in Prague (Czech Republic) and on the bilingual émigré newspaper Agonistis – Borec. The first part of the article summarizes the contradictory approach to the Macedonian question by the Communist Party of Greece (hereinafter KKE) during different phases of the Civil War. Next, it examines the demographic structure of the Greek and Slavic Macedonian refugees, who had, after the defeat of the Greek communists, found asylum in the Soviet Union and its satellites, focusing on the example of political refugees in Czechoslovakia. After this, it focuses on the impact that important political events of this period, particularly the de-Stalinization and the removal of Nikos Zachariadis from the leadership of the KKE, had on the relations between Greek refugees and Slavic Macedonian refugees, mainly in the light of the establishment of the “Ilinden” organization, the education of refugee children, and the prospect of their repatriation.
EN
This study analyzes the position of the United States of America toward the Greek question between 1945 and 1947. Its goal is to answer the question of why, with the end of the Second World War, the interest of the United States took such an interest in the political situation in Greece – a country that had traditionally fallen under the influence of Great Britain. It discusses the reasons why the American government decided in 1947 to replace the United Kingdom in its power position in Greece. The entire issue is set into the wider context of Greek political developments in the years 1944–1947 without neglecting the perspective of the USA in the initial stages of the Greek Civil War or the reasons for Great Britain’s withdrawal from Greece. This study is based upon archival research in the United States and Great Britain, and many volumes of source materials as well as secondary literature.
EN
During the Greek civil war (1946‑1949), on the basis of a special decision of the Provisional Democratic Government of Greece adopted in the name of “saving the children from the horrors of war”, around 28 000 Macedonian and Greek children were evacuated from the areas affected by military actions. Their originally planned short residence in the Eastern European countries lasted a whole decade as a direct consequence of the civil war, in which forces grouped around the Communist Party of Greece were defeated. Although new destinations – children’s homes and boarding schools in the involved countries – handled the necessary conditions for normal life, education and recreation, the desire of the Macedonian children and their parents was their permanent destinations to be in Yugoslavia respectively the People’s Republic of Macedonia, the largest center of Macedonian refugee population from Greece. Repatriation of children will be found in the center of the Cominform conflict and disrupted relations between the countries concerned with the issue of children. Therefore, their arrival in PRM or in the countries where were their parents, will be intensified in the middle of the fifth decade of last century, after the death of Stalin.
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