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EN
For Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, the question of his own roots was a very private matter; he treated them as if they were not present in his life and wrote explicitly about Jewishness or Shoah only in his non-fiction work. Nevertheless, the themes of the historical anti-Judaic persecution and conversion to Christianity are constantly present in his literary work, with allusions to the twentieth century’s massacres. Numerous characters of Jewish origin, belonging to a harassed and destroyed community, appear in many of his literary texts. Certain victims, especially males, are infected by evil, others resist it: over the years, the opposition between these two categories became increasingly noticeable, while the topic of Shoah is faced in a more veiled way. It is indeed not a coincidence that Herling’s first tale about the persecutions of Jews, The Second Coming, was written in 1961, at the time of the Eichmann trial, and that later Don Ildebrando, The Bell-Ringer’s Toll and The Legend Of A Converted Hermit, showing Jewish opposing strategies toward evil, were composed after his visit to Majdanek in 1991. Herling looks at the post-Arendt discussion on complicity in evil, polarizing the opposition between good and bad victims alreadyexpressed in his narration of the Gulag: he does not envisage any intermediate category analogous to Levi’s Grey zone and does not examine in depth the manipulation of the victims in extreme conditions. He prefers to grasp some analogies between persecutions in different historical ages, showing them in a universal perspective of a human “dormant” tendency to evil. Based on Herling’s narrative work, intimate diary, essays and the Journal Written at Night, my article treats his tormented relationship with Jewishness not so much as an isolated case, but rather associates it with some strategies of drastic distancing from Jewishness by members of pre-WWII assimilated Jewish intelligentsia who yearned to be seen as more Polish than Poles themselves.
EN
The interview is devoted to Gustaw Herling-Grudziński. The writer’s daughter, Marta, talks about her father, particularly focusing on the Italian contexts of his biography and writings. Also discussed is the problem of the writer’s attitude towards the Italian language and the reception of his works in Italy. Another important topic is Naples as a fascinating source of writing inspirations and, at the same time, the city where Herling-Grudziński happened to live and die.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest słownictwu opisującemu miasto Neapol. Materiał badawczy pochodzi z dwóch opowiadań włoskich Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego pt. Cud oraz Dżuma w Neapolu. Moje badanie polega w pierwszej części na przyporządkowaniu materiału obrazującego Neapol określonym kręgom tematycznym, takim jak: ludzie; miejsca; infrastruktura; kultura i życie społeczne; realia życia/atmosfera w mieście. W drugiej części przedstawiono formalną charakterystykę wyekscerpowanego materiału. Jeśli chodzi o podział semantyczny zgromadzonego słownictwa, to najobfitsza w opowiadaniach jest leksyka odnosząca się do ludzi. Przestrzeń Neapolu została przedstawiona przez Herlinga-Grudzińskiego wybiórczo i fragmentarycznie. W zebranym materiale znalazły się głównie rzeczowniki, czasem dookreślane przymiotnikami lub innymi formami przydawek. Wśród tropów stylistycznych występują liczne peryfrazy. Niemało jest też nazw własnych oraz słownictwa obcego.
EN
The article presents the vocabulary depicting Naples. The material for the analysis has been taken from two Italian short stories written by Gustaw Herling-Grudziński entitled Cud [‘Miracle’] and Dżuma w Neapolu [‘Plague in Naples’]. The first part of the research consisted in dividing the material into thematic groups such as people, places, infrastructure, culture and social life, and the reality of life/the atmosphere of the city. The second part contains a formal description of the excerpted material. As far as semantic division of the collected vocabulary is concerned the richest lexis of the short stories in question is the one pertaining to people. The space of Naples is presented by Herling-Grudziński selectively and fragmentarily. In the selected material there are mainly nouns, sometimes accompanied by adjectives or other forms of attributes. Among the stylistic tropes there are numerous periphrases. There are many proper names and foreign vocabulary, too.
PL
The aim of this article is to show the relationship between Gustaw Herling-Grudziński and Elémire Zolla through their letters, until now unpublished, kept in the Archive of Herling-Grudziński in Naples. The letters sent to Herling-Grudziński by Zolla are published here for the first time. The literary relation between the two writers and intellectualists can also be traced in Zolla’s review of Herling-Grudziński’s volume of short stories Pale d’altare, translated into Italian and published in Italy, as well as in Herling’s-Grudziński review of Zolla’s novel Cecilia o la disattenzione.
EN
In Journal Written at Night Gustaw Herling analyzes the Peter Schlemihl’s Miraculous Story by Adelbert von Chamisso. The Polish writer (as an émigré) is extremely sensitive to the fate of artists forced to live away from their birthplace and, unlike Thomas Mann, proposes an interpretation according to which the loss of a shadow means the lack of homeland. Herling understands breaking away from his homeland as a kind of physical handicap: an existence without native land. However, if the roots can be found in another soil, it is impossible to regain the shadow. Herling introduces the distinction between hard existence and indeterminacy of feelings of a man eradicated, combining the alienation experienced in Naples with an intangible, but also irreversible loss of a shadow.
EN
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński and the blood libel, or is being a Jewish writer compulsoryThe article concerns Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s medieval stories which explore the theme of blood libel. Despite Grudziński’s self-declared sympathy for the libel’s Jewish victims, his treatment of the theme is selective and only reflects the Christian perspective. The author then considers possible reasons for such deformation of Grudziński’s perception of the stories, locating them in oppression from the nation state, which denies a writer of Jewish origin the right to be at the same time a Polish writer.Gustaw Herling-Grudziński i legenda o krwi, czyli czy istnieje obowiązek bycia pisarzem żydowskimArtykuł dotyczy opowiadań średniowiecznych Gustawa Herlinga Grudzinskiego, w których pojawia się wątek legend o krwi.  Mimo deklarowanej sympatii dla żydowskich ofiar legendy, oświetlany jest on wybiórczo, wyłącznie z chrześcijańskiego punktu widzenia. Autorka rozważa przyczyny, które mogły doprowadzić do podobnej deformacji ich recepcji, odnajdując je w opresji państwa narodowego, które pisarzowi pochodzenia żydowskiego nie pozwala być jednocześnie pisarzem polskim.
PL
Bruno and Caravaggio – the heretic philosopher and the heretic artist in the works of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński The present text follows the extraordinary “double portrait” of Bruno and Caravaggio – rebels in science and art, who are being „painted” by the Polish emmigrant writer in his works. They live together in his thoughts for many years. Herling writes series of texts about them, in which the position of the main character changes, but the remaining one is always inseparably present. The texts analyzed are his essay “Caravaggio” (1990) and the story about Giordano Bruno – “Deep shadow” (1994). There are fragments of them which are shown in “Journal Written at Night” (1985, 1996), and in “Talks in Dragonea” (1997) – between Herling and Bolecki. Key words: Giordano Bruno; Caravaggio; Gustaw Herling-Grudziński;
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie nawiązań intertekstualnych, istniejących w opowiadaniu Piętno Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego, oraz relacji pomiędzy Piętnem a opowiadaniami Warłama Szałamowa, głownie – opowiadaniem Sherry Brandy. Przedmiotem rozważań są sposoby użycia przez Herlinga motywow i tematow, ktore najpierw pojawiły się właśnie w Sherry Brandy. Artykuł pokazuje zastosowanie tych motywow z perspektywy postmodernizmu i funkcjonowania literatury faktu w czasach totalnego panowania postmodernizmu.
EN
The article is devoted to some features of the so-called literature of fact, to the specifi cation of the way citation functions in this type of literature, and to the analysis of intertextual references which exist in the short story Stigma by Gustaw Herling- Grudziński, and the relationship between the Stigma and the short stories by Warlam Shalamov, mostly – between the Stigma and the short story Cherry Brandy. The main subjects of the refl ection are ways in which Herling uses motives and themes, which have appeared for the fi rst time exactly in Sherry Brandy. The article shows the use of these motives from the perspective of postmodernism and all existence of literature of fact in times of total postmodernism domination.
EN
Among other records, the Archive of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński in Naples holds Cristina Campo’s unpublished letters to him. The letters bear witness to a literary relation between the two writers and intellectuals which began when "Pale d’altare", a volume of short stories by Herling- Grudziński, was translated into Italian and published in Italy in 1960. Cristina Campo, a poet, essayist, translator and prominent figure in 20 th -century Italian literature, was enthusiastic about Herling- Grudziński’s volume. She comprehensively discussed it in an insightful review entitled ‘La torre e l’isola,’ published in "Il Punto" in 1961. Her review marked Herling-Grudziński’s debut in Italy and became a highly influential factor in the Italian reception of his literary works. The author himself regarded it as one of the most important critical texts addressing his writings. The aim of my paper is to highlight the relevance of Cristina Campo to the Italian reception of Herling-Grudziński’s works and to illumine the relations between the Polish writer and his Italian critic through the unpublished letters preserved in the Herling-Grudziński Archive. The paper also refers to other reviews of "Pale d’altare", which were offered by Elèmire Zolla, Roberto Calasso, Margherita Guidacci and Leone Traverso, associated with the same literary circle, and shows the impact of Campo’s enthusiasm on some of these appraisals.
IT
Nell’Archivio di Gustaw Herling-Grudziński a Napoli sono conservate le lettere di Cristina Campo allo scrittore che sono una testimonianza di una relazione letteraria nata tra loro intorno alla raccolta di racconti di Gustaw Herling-Grudziński "Pale d’altare", tradotta in italiano e pubblicata in Italia nel 1960. Cristina Campo, poetessa, saggista e traduttrice, una figura di grande rilievo del Novecento letterario italiano, anche se ancora sconosciuta in ambito polacco, ha dedicato all’opera di Herling-Grudziński una recensione intitolata "La torre e l’isola", pubblicata su “Il Punto” nel 1961, fondamentale per la fortuna dell’opera di Herling-Grudziński in Italia e che lo scrittore stesso ha considerato uno dei testi critici più importanti a lui dedicati. L’articolo si pone come obiettivo di rendere conto del ruolo e dell’importanza di Cristina Campo nella ricezione dell’opera di Gustaw Herling-Grudziński in Italia, nonché di presentare il rapporto che tra lo scrittore polacco e la sua critica italiana attraverso le lettere inedite della Campo a Herling-Grudziński. Il contributo fa riferimento anche a altri testi critici su "Pale d’altare", che furono scritti su stimolo della Campo, come quelli di Elèmire Zolla, Roberto Calasso, Margherita Guidacci e Leone Traverso.
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2021
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vol. 60
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issue 1
33-63
EN
The author analyses the relation between the literary character and the place in Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s Most. Z kroniki naszego miasta (1963). The author attempts to prove that places shown by Herling-Grudziński play a significant role in the writer’s biography and also influence the way of acting and decisions of literary characters created by the writer. Using geopoetics as its starting point, this perspective puts emphasis on the category of place considered in both geographic and literary dimension. In her interpretation of the short story by Herling-Grudziński, the author attempts to show that the bridge affects the life of the main character, his behaviour and attitude to the world. The article also offers a summary of critical approaches to the presentation of space motifs in the literary works of Herling-Grudziński. The context for the analysis is provided by the writer’s biography which highlights his personal experience connected with private places. The analytical key to unlock their senses is taken from geopoetics as the perspective which may enable us to find new content in the unique literary output of Herling-Grudziński.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł porusza problem relacji między bohaterem a miejscem w twórczości Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego na przykładzie opowiadania Most. Z kroniki naszego miasta (1963). Autorka stawia tezę, że miejsca pojawiające się na kartach dzieł pisarza pełnią funkcję czynnika sprawczego wobec postaw, decyzji i zachowania postaci. Omawiane zagadnienie wpisuje się w zakres proponowanej w artykule nowej perspektywy badań nad dorobkiem autora Innego Świata. Opiera się ona na założeniach geopoetyki i ukazuje dokonania literackie pisarza przez pryzmat miejsca, rozumianego zarówno w wymiarze geograficznym, jak i literackim. W toku analizy i interpretacji opowiadania Herlinga-Grudzińskiego starano się wykazać, że tytułowy Most oddziałuje na los, zachowanie i postawę głównego bohatera. Część analityczną artykułu poprzedza prezentacja stanu badań nad problematyką przestrzeni w twórczości pisarza, szkic biograficzny autora Mostu uwzględniający jego doświadczenia związane z miejscami oraz krótka charakterystyka geopoetyki jako perspektywy badawczej, która, zdaniem autorki, umożliwi wydobycie nowych treści z niepowtarzalnego w literaturze polskiej dorobku współtwórcy paryskiej „Kultury”.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2016
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vol. 107
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issue 1
230-232
EN
The review discusses Pierre Piotr Bilos’ book on the experience of exile established in the pieces by Witold Gombrowicz, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, and Czesław Miłosz. The author treats this experience as a figure of modernity, which allows to formulate a thesis about the universality of the considered literary works that gives them a European (global) dimension.
EN
From the beginning of the 1830s, mass emigration from Poland, not occurring on such a scale before, was noted, mainly for political reasons (especially after the defeats of the November and January uprisings). The emigration trend continued throughout practically the entire 20th century. It entered the history of Poles, especially the war and post-war period. The coming to power of the communists generated many problems. For political reasons, many dissidents sought freedom outside enslaved Poland. Many of them voluntarily and also under the compulsion of the then “people’s” government. There were two main centers of the political and cultural life of the Polish diaspora – in London and Paris. The Literary Institute, with its founder Jerzy Giedroyc and collaborator Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, played a significant role in the post-war period. Both, despite having different experiences and visions of a free and independent Poland, unanimously saw emigration as a specific form of struggle against the communist regime in Poland. They saw help and weapons in this struggle in the spoken and written word, through which they influenced both the Polish diaspora in many countries and their compatriots in Poland, which was subjugated by communists. They noticed the entire complexity of the problems faced by Polish emigrants, especially those arriving abroad at the beginning of the 1980s. Their accurate diagnoses and advice were not always accepted by the Polish diaspora. The interviews with them in a retrospective form reflect the atmosphere and spirit of the difficult and complex reality of that time.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 1
69-76
EN
This article concerns the existing research on the lesser-known, early diary of Gustaw Herling‑Grudziński about his journey to Burma titled A Journey to Burma. In this article, the author distinguishes two main interpretative themes appearing in the most important texts dealing with this work: genealogical issues, and those related to history, politics and social life. By showing the advantages and effects of these texts, the author points to those elements that still have not been thoroughly analysed. Thus, the need for an in-depth reading of this work with the post-colonial perspective taken into account is emphasised, as is a closer look at this text in the context of the whole output of the author of A Journey to Burma and his unique writing style. This article discusses in detail the main problems and potential benefits of each approach.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę dotychczasowych badań nad mniej znanym, wczesnym dziennikiem Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego z okresu jego podróży do Birmy (Podróż do Burmy). Autor wyróżnia dwa zasadnicze wątki interpretacyjne obecne w najważniejszych tekstach poświęconych temu utworowi. Są to: zagadnienia genologiczne oraz kwestie historyczno-polityczno-społeczne. Pokazując zalety i osiągnięcia tych prac, badacz wskazuje także na te elementy, które nadal nie doczekały się dokładnej analizy. I tak podkreślona zostaje potrzeba pogłębionej lektury dzieła Herlinga-Grudzińskiego z uwzględnieniem perspektywy postkolonialnej, a także bliższe przyjrzenie się temu tekstowi w kontekście całej twórczości autora Podróży do Burmy i specyfiki jego sztuki pisarskiej. W artykule szczegółowo omówione zostały główne problemy, ale także potencjalne korzyści każdego z tych podejść.
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EN
In this paper, I try to indicate common ground in the two largest literary works devoted to Soviet camps preceding Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago, namely, A Journey to the Land of the Zeks by Julius Margolin and A World Apart by Gustaw Herling-Grudziński. These two books have gained such status in Western literary studies, but in Poland, however, literature researchers have not yet undertaken any important research on Margolin’s work. Both authors and their works have a lot in common: Margolin and Herling were in the same camp complex (Kargopollag); they both undertook a hunger strike in order to obtain their release from the camp and described it in their works, and both treated their works as one of the instruments for fighting against this inhuman system. Finally, they both read Dostoyevsky’s The House of the Dead in the Soviet camp, and this reading significantly shaped their understanding of the fate of the labour camp and its consequences.
PL
W prezentowanym szkicu próbuję wskazać wspólne płaszczyzny w dwóch największych dziełach łagrowych poprzedzających Archipelag GUŁag Sołżenicyna: Podróż do krainy zeków Juliusa Margolina i Inny świat Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego. Taki właśnie status w zachodnich badaniach historycznoliterackich zyskały te dwie książki. W Polsce dzieło Margolina nie doczekało na razie ważnych i godnych go badań. Obu twórców i ich dzieła łączy wiele wspólnego. Margolin i Herling przebywali w tym samym kompleksie obozów (Kargopolłag); nie doczekawszy zwolnienia z łagru, obaj podjęli głodówkę protestacyjną i opisali ją w swych dziełach. Obaj traktowali swoje dzieła jako jeden z instrumentów walki z nieludzkim systemem. Obaj wreszcie przeczytali w łagrze Zapiski z martwego domu Dostojewskiego i lektura ta w istotny sposób kształtowała ich rozumienie łagrowego losu i jego konsekwencji.
EN
In this article I would like to show an episode of the colaboration of two eminant polish exile artists: composer Roman Palester and writer Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, which could lead (but finally didn’t) to the creation of unique piece of art.: an opera based on Grudzinski’s short novel The tower with Palester music. The starting point of the story is the attempt to explain how the score of Luigi Dallapiccola’ s opera Il Prigioniero found its way to writer’s library. The solution of this riddle is to be found in the letters of both artists. After short characteristic of lives and artistic road of both artists in the moment they meet, author go to the operetic fascinations of Palester: presents very shortly the history of unfinished opera The Living Stones, and also quotes the fragments of Palester’s letters to various writers concerning looking for the appriotriate libretto. In the end, after many propositions, it turns out that the best material for the composer is Grudziński’s The Tower short novel, which only needed some adaptations. And it was exactly beccause of ths, with the suggestion of Palester, Herling bought the score of Prigioniero, which now we can find in writer’s library. The long fragment of Grudziński’s letter, shows us, how deeply both artist were involved in this project. Finally the project failed. The rest of the artickle describes the furter history of this project, trying to  to find out why the fantastic artistic duet Grudzinski–Palester finally  never came to being. At the end we look through some further  project of colaboration of both exiles, which also failed.
PL
Artykuł opisuje epizod dotyczący współpracy dwóch wybitnych twórców emigracyjnych: kompozytora Romana Palestra i pisarza Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego, który o mały włos nie doprowadził do powstania wspólnego dzieła – opery opartej na opowiadaniu Grudzińskiego Wieża z muzyką Palestra. Punktem wyjścia jest fakt istnienia w bibliotece Herlinga partytury opery Luigi Dallapiccoli – Il Prigioniero. W rozwikłaniu zagadki, skąd w zbiorach pisarza znalazła się ta właśnie partytura, pomocna okazuje się korespondencja obu twórców. Po krótkiej charakterystyce  perypetii życiowych i drogi twórczej obu artystów w momencie rozpoczęcia znajomości, autor przechodzi do zainteresowań operowych Palestra: przedstawia pokrótce historię niedokończonej opery Żywe kamienie, a także cytuje fragmenty jego korespondencji z różnymi pisarzami dotyczącymi poszukiwania odpowiedniego libretta operowego. Po rozpatrzeniu wielu różnych propozycji okazuje się, że najatrakcyjniejszym dla kompozytora materiałem jest opowiadanie Grudzińskiego Wieża, oczywiście po odpowiedniej adaptacji na libretto. To właśnie w tym celu, za sugestią Palestra, Herling kupuje partyturę, która do dziś zachowała się w jego bibliotece. Duży cytat z jego listu jest dowodem, jak daleko obaj twórcy zaangażowali się w potencjalną współpracę. Jednak ostatecznie do niej nie doszło. Autor opisuje perypetie tego projektu, próbując dociec, jakie ostateczne przyczyny sprawiły, że tandem twórczy Grudziński–Palester ostatecznie nie zaistniał. Wspomina też dalsze, również niezrealizowane plany operowe obu emigracyjnych twórców.
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2019
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vol. 55
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issue 4
451-467
PL
Heretycy, stosy i inkwizytorzy zasiedliły literaturę polską drugiej połowy XX wieku. Widać to w twórczości polskich twórców, którzy przeszli przez apokalipsę II wojny światowej i dyktatury minionego wieku: Czesława Miłosza, Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego, Andrzeja Szczypiorskiego, Zbigniewa Herberta, Czesława Miłosza, Jerzego Andrzejewskiego. Niniejszy tekst skupia się na dominacji fabuł, związanych z herezją i jej prześladowaniem w utworach wymienionych twórców. Rekonstrukcje artystyczno-dokumentalne odczytano w obronie tezy o istniejącym parabolicznym i historiozoficznym dyskursie herezji w powojennej literaturze polskiej. Specjalną uwagę zwrócono na eseje Herberta, związane z herezją oraz na heretyczną postać Chrystusa w Drugim przyjściu Herlinga.
EN
The present text explores the theme of heresies and their persecution in the works of a group of writers, survivors of World War II and of the two dictatorships of the century – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Zbigniew Herbert, Czesław Miłosz, Andrzej Szczypiorski, Jerzy Andrzejewski. An artistic-documentary reconstruction of medieval processes and executions of heretics, as well as striving for protection and rehabilitation are observed in a series of their works. Deep allusions to the dictatorships of the 20th century are made. Particular attention is being paid to Herbert’s essays, connected with heresies and to a heretic image of Christ in the short story Drugie przyjście by Herling-Grudzinski.
EN
This article recalls the circumstances of the first edition of the novel by Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago, in Polish translation, which appeared in 1959 in volume XLIV of the Biblioteka ‟Kultury” series, published by the Paris Literary Institute. Reconstruction of the history of this publishing initiative in the context of the political situation is possible thanks to historical sources preserved in the Paris and Warsaw archives, publications in periodicals, memoirs and epistolary culture. The circumstances in which the typescript was imported to Poland and in which the Literary Institute obtained a license for a Polish translation, the choice of translator, and Jerzy Giedroyc and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s correspondence are discussed. An important source of information is the lively correspondence between Maria Dąbrowska and Jerzy Stempowski, the son of a publicist and social activist, and Mason Stanisław Stempowski, a longtime life partner of the writer. The fragments of epistolary culture discussed here allow a better understanding of these outstanding individuals of the twentieth century. The content of the correspondence analyzed also allows us to reconstruct many interesting facts from the field of translating Russian literature into Polish, as well as the complex situation of Polish-Russian relations in the post-war period.
EN
The article juxtaposes the diptych of short stories by Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, The Tower and Pieta dell’Isola, with the theories of allegory developed by Paul de Man in The Rhetoric of Temporality as well as by Walter Benjamin in The Origin of German Tragic Drama. The analyses reveal several points of convergence in the structure and motives present in the works by Grudziński and in the texts by these critics. In the case of Benjamin, this would suggest his influence on Herling, whereas in the case of de Man, it reveals a parallelism of thoughts of the two contemporaries working with different genres and different interpretative communities, yet developing very similar conceptions of the text as well as of the man.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2023
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vol. 114
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issue 1
85-100
PL
Artykuł podsumowuje obecność Witolda Wirpszy na łamach jednego z najważniejszych pism polskiej emigracji XX wieku. Po tym jak polskie władze nie zgodziły się przedłużyć pisarzowi ważności paszportu, Wirpsza pozostał w Berlinie Zachodnim. W latach 1972–1985 ogłosił w paryskiej „Kulturze” blisko 60 tekstów, w tym wiersze, eseje, polemiki, recenzje, rozmowy, opowiadania, listy do redakcji i listy otwarte. Autor artykułu omawia te publikacje w kontekście korespondencji pisarza z osobami istotnymi dla miesięcznika. Tekst wzbogacają fragmenty listów zdeponowanych w berlińskim Archiv der Akademie der Künste. Głównym respondentem Wirpszy jest Jerzy Giedroyc, redaktor naczelny „Kultury”. W artykule są też cytowane listy od Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego, Leszka Kołakowskiego, Józefa Czapskiego i Marii Danilewicz-Zielińskiej. Autor szkicu pokazuje wizerunek Wirpszy jako twórcy obdarzonego temperamentem polemicznym. Pisarz był w kręgu „Kultury” postacią „dobrze obecną”, szczególnie w pierwszym okresie współpracy. W latach osiemdziesiątych jego aktywność wyraźnie osłabła, co było spowodowane problemami zdrowotnymi. Zwieńczeniem „dobrej obecności” pisarza w miesięczniku był opublikowany po jego śmierci szkic wspomnieniowy „Imiennik” autorstwa Wiktora Woroszylskiego.
EN
The article sums up Witold Wirpsza’s presence on the pages of one of the most paramount periodicals of the Polish 20th century emigration. Following the decision of the Polish authorities that refused to prolong the validity of his passport, the writer stayed in West Berlin. Between 1972 and 1985 he published in the Paris “Kultura” (“Culture”) almost 60 pieces, including poems, essays, polemics, reviews, conversations, short stories, letters to editors, and open letters. The author of the article traces the publications, and discusses them in the context of Wirpsza’s correspondence with the other figures who prove influential for this monthly. The text in enriched by fragments of letters deposited in Berlin Archiv der Akademie der Künste. Wirpsza’s main respondent is Jerzy Giedroyc―the editor-in-chief of ”Culture.” Other authors of letters quoted in the paper are Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Leszek Kołakowski, Józef Czapski, and Maria Danilewicz-Zielińska. Pawelec pictures Wirpsza in “Culture” as a writer of polemical temperament. In the circle of “Culture” he was a “well present” figure, especially in the first period of his cooperation with this journal. His activity clearly downtones in the 1980s due to health problems. The crowning of the writer’s “good presence” in “Culture” was a remembrance sketch published after his death in the monthly in question by Wiktor Woroszylski entitled “Imiennik” (“Namesake”).
EN
Magdalena Śniedziewska’s book discusses a theme in Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s works which has not been thoroughly researched, i.e. their relationship with Italian literature. This is how we discover Herling-Grudziński as a writer who is simultaneously a great literary criticwho looks eagerly and with both interest (sometimes) and passion at the work of such authors as Nicola Chiaromonte, Ignazio Silone, Alberto Moravia, Luigi Pirandello, Tomasi di Lampedusa and Leonardo Sciascia. The opening chapter of the book discusses Herling-Grudziński’s condition as an emigrant and the changes in his attitude to Naples which became his second home after World War II; the final chapter is about the Polish writer’s difficult relationship with Italian book market, reconstructing the story of the reception of Inny świat (A World Apart) in Italy.
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