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1

Desatero pro 21. století?

100%
Prudky M.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2010
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vol. 133
|
issue 1-2
79-95
EN
An article analyzing the new Czech translation of the Bible published last year entitled The Bible: A Translation for the 21st Century. The passage chosen for the analysis and evaluation of the translation is that of the Decalogue (Exo. 20:2-17 and Deut. 5:6-21). The study starts by characterizing the basic issues involved in translating traditional and authoritative texts which are firmly rooted in the cultural memory of each language region, and then goes on to examine the role played by the correct identification of the genre (literary type) of the Decalogue in the context of biblical legislative texts and their forms. It criticizes the choice of the imperative (vetitive) as the dominant mode for the verb forms in the main clauses of the individual commandments. In terms of terminology and phraseology, the analysis shows that the Translation for the 21st Century does in places introduce original interpretations in its paraphrases of the original text and comes up with some innovative formulations, but this is usually at the cost of a significant shift in the meaning of the statement, usually with a tendency to generalize and decontextualize the original meaning of the statement. In other parts of the Decalogue text, on the contrary, the translation reveals the influence of the Kralice Bible (the classic Reformation translation into Czech, made in the 16th century), with a return to the Kralice diction, so that in some places elements are preserved of a more conservative diction than is usual with other translations of recent decades. Thus overall the translation, while noteworthy, is somewhat inconsistent, and on a number of points it clearly lacks a firm grounding in the issues relating to the interpretation of the text.
2

Transliterace a transkripce hebrejštiny: základní problémy a návrhy jejich řešení

100%
Cech P., Sladek P.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2009
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vol. 132
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issue 3-4
305-339
EN
Transliteration and transcription of Hebrew into Latin script presents a number of difficulties for a Czech native speaker. Unlike the speakers of major European languages, the Czech milieu manifests strong linguistic purism and requires the transliteration or transcription system to communicate faithfully the specific features of Hebrew phonology. Simultaneously, the Czech editors often resist to the use of the Hebrew script even in scholarly publications, emphasizing the necessity of respecting the larger public. The present study addresses the fundamental problems of transliterating and transcribing Hebrew into Czech. We deal with those phonologic patterns of various layers of Hebrew that do not have their direct equivalent in Czech phonology (e.g. the gutturals 'ayyin or h.et) and focus the issues that are subject of frequent discussions in the Czech academic circles (the fluid character of shewah mobile and its transcription). So far the problem of transfer of Hebrew into Czech was never dealt with systematically. Various systems were suggested ad hoc for the purpose of particular publications. Such systems were never accepted as generally applicable norm because they did not meet the multifaceted needs of authors, translators and editors of various texts. The present study therefore represents the first attempt to address the problem from systemic and functional perspective. As such, it is necessarily conceived as tentative. We propose five inter-related and mutually compatible systems: (1) Transliteration of consonants is convenient for Biblical studies or philological discourse in general. Faithfully communicates the Hebrew text without the vowels. (2) Vocalic transliteration adds the Hebrew vowels according to Masoretic vocalic system. (3) Homiletic transcription is a simplified (2). Consonants are faithfully transliterated, allowing for etymologic transparency. On the contrary, the vowels are simplified and punctuation is added so to enable the oral performance of the text. It is intended especially for pastoral office. (4) Philological transcription is addressing the needs of widest academic public. The consonants are faithfully distinguished. The quantity of vowels is ignored and the original Masoretic system is assimilated to Czech system of vowels (a, e, i, o, u). (5) Simplified phonetic transcription may serve the non-scholarly purposes (journals, belles-lettres). The Hebrew phonology is simplified so that no special signs are supplemented to the Czech orthographic system.
3

КИЕВСКИЕ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКИ С ДРЕВНЕЕВРЕЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА РУСЬКУ МОВУ (ВТОРАЯ ПОЛОВИНА XV В.) КАК ИНТЕРПРЕТАТОРЫ МАЙМОНИДА: КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ СВЕТСКИХ (ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ) НАУК

100%
Тemčin S.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2020
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vol. 55
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issue 1
31 - 36
EN
The author argues that the Ruthenia versions of the Medieval treatises on logic by Maimonides and Al-Ghazali and Secretum Secretorum, all translated from Hebrew in Kiev during the second half of the 15th c., can clarify the enigmatic fourth point (governance of the great nation, or the nations) in the Maimonidean classification of practical (political) sciences given in his Treatise on Logic.
4
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K transkripci hebrejských konsonantů a vokálů do češtiny

88%
Blažek J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2009
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vol. 91
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issue 1
20-30
EN
The article deals with the transcription of Hebrew consonants and vowels into the Czech language and offers phonetic transcription as the most useful and phonetically correct system. The system presented in the article is based on the standard phonology of modern Israeli Hebrew. It leaves aside the problem of pronunciation of biblical Hebrew, partly because of lack of space and partly because its pronunciation is artificially reconstructed and therefore does not reflect the contemporary pronunciation of Hebrew as a living and spoken language. The phonetic system presented in the article is compared with other systems already used in Czech literature. Although there are still many things to be discussed, the author thinks that a simple phonetic system should be used as the basic norm for the transcription of Hebrew in popular and scholarly literature. A similar problem of ununified transcription also appears in the transcription of Arabic and other languages written in non-Latin alphabets. This topic deserves further serious consideration on the academic level.
5

O potrzebie księgoznawczych badań nad żydowską książką literacką w polskich przekładach w XX wieku

88%
Jaremków M.
Bibliotekoznawstwo
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2011
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vol. 30
119-132
EN
After 1989 Jewish studies began to flourish in Poland, with numerous works dealing with Jewish history and literature as well as popular science books being published at the time. However, although there are more or less extensive historico-literary works devoted to the history of Jewish literature as well as a growing number of scholarly works devoted to Jewish printing, publishing and book selling, and history of libraries, there are very few bibliological woks focused on the problem of Jewish literary books, including those translated into Polish. The article examines the history of the publishing reception of Polish translations of literary works written in Hebrew and Yiddish. Exploration of all the literary works translated from the Jewish languages into Polish and published in the form of books (as the so-called monographic publications) in the 20th century, and research into the evolution of book forms, their editorial framework, can contribute to our understanding of the linguistic and cultural contacts between the two nations.
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