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EN
The article focuses on the problem of representing helplessness in Szymborska’s poetry, showing various ways of describing this state, as well as its importance for the whole output of the poet. In love poems it is very often presented with the theatrical metaphore “acting oneself”: when nothing can be done at the moment of parting, the poems’ speaker quite often “enters the role” of the former “I”, simultaneously having a feeling of lack of control over what is happening with him/her. Thereby he/she underscores the automaticity (and “artificiality”) of his/her own behaviour. Helplessness is also expressed through enumeration: several specifications, which are expected to cover the feeling of inability to cope with the situation (as in the case of the poem Odzież [Clothes], dedicated to a visit to a doctor, which we are afraid of). The feeling of helplessness, a state difficult to describe, in Szymborska’s texts becomes an important sign of a human codition: imperfect, not always able to cope with challenges. The description of this state reveals simultaneously emotional nature of the poems written by the author of Ludzie na moście [People on the bridge].
Studia theologica
|
2005
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vol. 7
|
issue 1
41-52
EN
The article is focused on the Czech philosopher and journalist Emanuel Radl (1873-1942), especially on the interpretation of some essential concepts of Radl's philosophy that are used in the context of Christian theology. Radl's attitude to philosophy and religion is based on the intellectual background of his time. Radl did not develop any systematic religious or theological theory. His approach to religion can be found in occasional notes in his writings. His understanding of philosophy (especially his concepts of moral order and idea) is more evident in the theological and Christian context. Radl's vision of the world is derived more from Judeo-Christian traditions than from the philosophical tradition. That is why Radl belongs to the greatest personalities of Czech philosophy and theology.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
|
issue 3
213 - 229
EN
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate potential mechanisms that take an active role in the association between COVID-19-related adverse life events and psychological distress. Three hundred seventy-six volunteers (55.6% women and 44.4% men) aged 18 and over from Turkey were recruited (age range = 18-64). The mean age of the participants was 31.1. Questionnaires were administered to examine existential well-being (EWB), COVID-19-associated negative life events (NLEs), sense of helplessness and demographic variables, and psychological distress. The current findings provide evidence that while the EWB acts as a cognitive resilience factor in the relationship between COVID-19-related NLEs and psychological distress, the sense of helplessness functions as a mediating variable. Furthermore, the present study suggests that the indirect relationship between COVID-19-related NLEs and psychological distress through the sense of helplessness is stronger for women. These findings highlight that interventions to strengthen an individual’s sense of meaning and purpose can play an important role in combating the negative effects of COVID-19 on psychological health and that helplessness may be an important treatment target, particularly for interventions aimed at women.
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