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1

NOVÉ PRÍSTUPY K VÝSKUMU KULTÚRNEHO DEDIČSTVA

100%
Bitušíková A.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
|
2015
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vol. 22
|
issue 1
7 – 14
EN
The paper deals with the latest perspectives in cultural heritage research. It looks at reasons of an increasing interest in cultural heritage in the era of globalisation as well as at threats that turn heritage into a profitable commodity. It presents a number of cultural heritage definitions. All of them show cultural heritage as a bond between past, present and future generations that is preserved by transmission of knowledge of tangible and intangible cultural forms. The paper brings an overview of the latest theoretical approaches to the study of heritage and of the most frequent themes and topics in the research of cultural heritage in Europe.
2

MILITARY MUSEUMS IN POLAND – BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE FUTURE

100%
Chylińska D., Musiaka Ł.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 3
5 – 39
EN
Museums are a constantly developing segment of cultural tourism. Poland is in line with current trends in museums, expanding its offer and adapting it to the requirements of the world of contemporary image culture and multisensory experiences, which is increasingly dominated by technology. The authors of the paper undertook to recognise the specificity of military museums, by conducting a survey of approximately a third of all such institutions in Poland. Due to the subject-matter of their exhibitions, military museums create a broad field of research both in terms of aesthetics and museum practice, as well as the issues of shaping and maintaining collective memory and the identity of the nation. They form a special mirror in which the country’s ideas and aspirations are reflected more often than any real characteristics. In reference to contemporary trends in museums, the article aims to place Polish military museums between locality and universality, education and entertainment, stability and dynamism, knowledge and experience. The obtained results allowed the authors to distinguish three groups of military museums in Poland, as well as indicate conditions conducive to the further development of such attractions in the country.
3

IDENTITY, DOMINANCE AND CONTESTATION: YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENGAGEMENT WITH HERITAGE AND CULTURE

100%
Kharat S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 3
416 - 431
EN
The exclusionary identities plaguing our contemporary times have strong linkages with the heritage and culture of communities. Heritage is a construct that not only records the past but is also created for contemporary social and political needs. Based on ethnographic fieldwork at two publicly contested heritage sites in Maharashtra, India, this paper seeks to understand, young people’s interactions with heritage and culture. These two sites are an ancient Buddhist monument combined with a Hindu temple and a museum articulating elitist narratives of Maharashtra’s past. We found that young people’s heritage conceptions are deeply rooted in inter-connected political identities of belonging to a region and a nation; and regionally popular symbols such as Shivaji and hill forts play a significant role in shaping them. Our fieldwork shows that the heritage represented by some institutions reproduces the broader social dominations and injustice. Worryingly, some of these projections are accepted by young people as their own heritage. This normalizes the partial representation of heritage. Some young people, however, contest some of those dominant projections and hold diverse ideas on heritage. These conceptions provide fertile ground for young people’s political engagement with the idea of heritage and are a call for them to participate in the current contest over India’s past. Diversity and contestations are hallmarks of heritage and culture in India. In that context, the paper enriches our understandings of those discursive and power laden processes that shape the formation of heritage and culture among youth, not only in the global South but also across the world.
4

PLANNING THROUGH A PRISM OF INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS: HISTORICAL EVENTS DEFINING THE AREA OF BRATISLAVA’S FORMER KEY INDUSTRIAL ZONE

88%
Bartošová N.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2019
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vol. 8
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issue 2
39 – 62
EN
This study aims to uncover the background of a former key industrial zone of Bratislava that was developed not only in proximity to the Danube, but also relatively close to the historical centre. It was flood area at the time, considered peripheral with an unfavourable reputation, separated by railway lines from the city, with winds blowing southeast – away from populated areas – thus making it a seemingly ideal place for industry. However, a current perspective – when just a fraction of historical buildings remain, and are surrounded by new high-rise structures, and with society familiar with industrial contamination – offers an opportunity to look more closely at past planning processes, as they might be more relevant to present-day decision-making than we might have thought.
5
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FICTION: HERITAGE, CHOICE, CREATION

88%
Thomka B.
World Literature Studies
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2022
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vol. 14
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issue 3
48 - 59
EN
This article aims to systemize different fictional works of the migrant literature and problematizes the writing of bi- and multilingual authors. Polyglots, just as those who come to a new cultural milieu, are faced with a choice. Their native language, as the sum of their historical, cultural, intellectual, literary, and imaginary experiences, becomes the heritage that they take with themselves. For writers who inherited more than one language, choosing a language is a matter of free will, whereas the fiction of those who switch languages later usually cannot be traced back to open artistic choice, but rather to a consequence of historical coercion. Younger authors base their literary careers on the newly acquired language, and the authorship of this generation living and creating in the interspace between two cultures has been defined by the cultural identity configured in this new space. The influence of the author, as well as the original and the host media, on the work’s interpretation and evaluation changes considerably. This is the scope of the transliterary system that is established beyond nations and literatures.
6

EMERGENT ISSUES IN CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF YORUBA KINGSHIP AND CHIEFTAINCY: THE CASE OF ORILE-IGBON AND IBADAN

88%
Onipede K. J.
Asian and African Studies
|
2022
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vol. 31
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issue 2
340 – 357
EN
This study examines kingship and chieftaincy issues in Orile-Igbon and Ibadan with a view to enunciating emergent challenges in Yoruba kingship culture. It explains the Yoruba perspective on kingship, using socio-historical and anthropological methods of data collection. The analyses are done qualitatively; the study explains the epistemology of the Yoruba kingship system as a culture that has been overwhelmed by a westernized structure which created issues of contestation that challenge Yoruba kingship as an institution. The article seeks to contribute to kingship scholarship in particular and to research in the humanities in general.
7

WORKERS IN AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE: ON THE STRATEGIES OF (RE-)CONSTRUCTING THE PAST

88%
Karpińska Grażyna E.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2022
|
vol. 10
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issue 1
105 - 117
EN
The article describes a collection of 9,000 photographs with captions – entries to a worker-oriented photographic contest – and the paths by which they came from private albums through the contest and museum exhibitions, until they found a place in the ethnographic archive of the Łódź University and in a digital repository. Having left household archives, they became a part of a public heritage rooted in, and dependent on, various historical contexts. Each procedure in some way determined the fortunes of the collection and constituted a choice that imparted a certain shape and meaning to the photographs.
8

PROTECTION OF THE POLISH WRITTEN AND PRINTED HERITAGE – NATIONAL LIBRARY RESOURCE

88%
Fluda-Krokos A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2020
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vol. 8
|
issue 3
111 – 128
EN
Written and printed works are one of the most important cultural achievements of every country and nation. This often priceless heritage is protected, among other things, by libraries which are responsible for collecting, preparing, storing, protecting and sharing their collections. The article focuses on one form of protection of these resources – the Polish National Library Resource (NLR), which has a legal basis and gives examples of good practice. The analysis presented in this paper covers the normative Acts that cover only those collections which are unique and exceptionally valuable for Polish culture. It was found that perception of these special collections has changed and that nowadays there are only a small number of libraries that take part in the NLR programme.
9

TEORETICKÁ VÝCHODISKA MÚZEJNÍ PREZENTACE

88%
Dolák J.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2013
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vol. 1
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issue 1
21 – 38
EN
The paper is focused on the theoretical museology. It deals with the theory of communication, theory of presentation, description of different contexts of museum exhibits, the use of different exhibition languages and the use of modern technologies. The author attempts to define the basic principles of the museum exhibition formation.
10

HERITAGE OF (NON-)EXISTING CITIES – ON THE POLISH EXAMPLES OF MEDIEVAL ŚWIECIE AND RENAISSANCE KRASICZYN

75%
Zimna-Kawecka K., Kuśnierz-Krupa D., Krupa M.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 3
65 – 92
EN
This article analyses the urban heritage protection and spatial development policies of two model historical urban centres in Poland, whose spatial layout has been erased: medieval Świecie nad Wisłą (the Pomeranian region) and Renaissance Krasiczyn (the Sub-Carpathian region). Their urban layouts had a significant compositional factor (a town and castle complex in axial plan). The second element important in terms of landscape protection and spatial planning is their history: at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century they had to be relocated. The analysis covers the spatial form during the period of their founding, the reasons for transformation, their present-day state of preservation, and the current spatial conservation and development policy. General conservation conclusions have also been formulated.
11

MORENA, MORENA, ZA KOHO SI UMRELA? STAROBYLÁ OBYČAJ V SÚČASNEJ SPOLOČNOSTI

75%
Bocánová M.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
129 – 140
EN
The study deals with the recovery of the ritual plotting of Morena, which collapsed in our country in the mid-20th century. The introduction refers to this phenomenon as being an archaic element of culture, being recorded via the statements of the Church in its prohibitions directed against it, later via description made by scientists. In addition to the pre-Christian basis of this phenomenon the study points towards a possibility to be of Byzantine – Slavic contexts. Further the stimulating elements that helped revive the defunct phenomenon traditions are discussed. The conclusions deal with the state of society, the nature of the change of the current thinking in relation to each element of tradition. In conclusion, we point out new models of cultural and social lives within which archaic form of habits are perceived as more valuable.
12
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Uchovávání rituálu v současných spoleenských kontextech: Căluş – mezi rituálem a národním symbolem

75%
Giurchescu A.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2010
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vol. 20
|
issue 4
244-259
EN
Ritual Calus is a still living ritual practice at Pentecost (Whitsuntide) in the southern regions of Romania. Considered at a synchronic level, it reveals a great variety of structures and meanings that represent different stages of transformation. This article is based primarily on the long-time fieldwork experience and information resulting from the dialogues with tradition bearers, the direct observation and the analysis and interpretation of visual and written documents. The intention is to present the ritual calus in its contemporary existence and try to disclose the reasons of its survival. Subsequently the intention is to comment the role given to calus as a national symbol and the manipulation therewith for legitimating the political power under the Communist dictatorship. Finally, the future existence of the ritual calus will be questioned in the light of the UNESCO program for the safeguarding of the cultural heritage. In an introductory section, however, calus will be situated in a large European cultural context and described in more general terms in order to illuminate the complex structure of the ritual and the intricate relationship established among and between the component elements.
13

CLASSICAL CONCEPTS, NEW PERSPECTIVES: WHAT’S UP WITH AGRICULTURAL RITUALS?

75%
Poljak Istenič S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2
182 – 196
EN
After the Second World War, most rituals connected with the agricultural (manual) work died out along with the economic and social base of such activities. This also caused the gradual omission of some classical ethnological concepts and themes and diminishing interest for such research topics. However, some such rituals survived until the present in a modified form and with a new purpose and are enacted either in families (related to the traditional belief in the power of nature) or in the local communities (in tourism contexts). The new rituals emerge also since farmers, who face new challenges in selling produce and products, ritualize selling at public events to attract customers. The shift in perception of tradition by the general population in turn revived the ethnological interest for such phenomena. The article analyses the methodological changes in ritual research, as are reflected in European ethnology, and illustrate the changing of contexts with the case-study in the vicinity of Slovenia’s capital, Ljubljana. In connection with the notion of rural idyll and heritage tourism, ritualization of everyday farming activities has been used as a strategy for improvement of living. Traditional and new agricultural rituals have become a means for sustainable development and identity politics; they add to regeneration of the local economy, affect a sense of belonging and integration of the local population.
14

DYNASTIC IDENTITY, DEATH AND POSTHUMOUS LEGACY OF SOPHIE JAGIELLON (1522–1575) IN CONTEMPORARY SOURCES

75%
Zupka D.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
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issue 5
793 - 808
EN
The daughter of King Sigismund I of Poland (1506–1548) and Queen Bona Sforza (1518–1548), Sophie Jagiellon (1522–1575) is one of the most remarkable figures among the important women of the 16th century. Like her sisters of the Jagiellonian family, she served as a representative of the Polish ruling dynasty and as a guarantee of good relations in the field of dynastic politics and contemporary diplomacy. This study aims to explore the diverse forms of her identity as captured by contemporary sources. We will gradually focus on the reconstruction of her dynastic identity as a royal daughter living in the milieu of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, her position as a wife of the eminent imperial aristocrat Henry of Brunswick, and then address issues related to her death and, above all, her posthumous legacy and place in collective memory in the centuries that followed. The long-standing dynastic, legal and economic dispute between Sophie’s heirs in Poland and in the territory of the Holy Roman Empire, which significantly shaped the regional political situation after her death, will also play an important role.
15
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GRÉCKOKATOLÍCKA CIRKEV NA PODKARPATSKEJ RUSI A STRET KULTÚR V ROKU 1945

75%
Borza P.
Konštantínove listy
|
2019
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
127 - 134
EN
The Greek Catholic Church in Carpathian Ruthenia held a prominent place in society and 1945 was a dramatic twist in the life of Greek Catholics in Carpathian Ruthenia. The connection to the Soviet Union was not only accompanied by the loss of freedom in the totalitarian regime, but also by the degradation of cultural values that have been built up in society for centuries. The Greek Catholic Church, as one of the most influential bearers the saint Cyril and Methodius cultural heritage of the Subcarpathian people, soon became a real cataclysm after the Soviet power came into existence, and officially ceased to exist, but in reality it continued to operate in real life until the resurgence after the fall of communism. The presented paper offers an outline of the issues of the activities of the Greek Catholic Church and its attitudes in the environment of the Czechoslovak Republic, during the Second World War and finally its fate in the process of affiliation of Carpathian Ruthenia to the Soviet Union.
16

DRAMATISING CULTURAL DIVERSITY: YOUTH THEATRE AS A PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN A MULTIETHNIC ENVIRONMENT

75%
Popov A., Karásek M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2021
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vol. 69
|
issue 3
381 - 398
EN
This article presents a comparative analysis of two ethnographic case studies conducted in local theatres in the Slovak town of Komárno and the British city of Coventry. These two locations are very different – one is a small town on the Slovak-Hungarian border and the other an urban centre in the Midlands region of Britain – and yet they are both characterised by the multi-ethnic and culturally diverse composition of their populations. The two youth theatres in question are also distinct in their genres: one bases its performances on folklore traditions, whereas the other is an avant-garde physical theatre. At the same time, the productions of both groups manifest a deep involvement in the representation of cultural heritage and the current social issues in their respective locations. Drawing on anthropological conceptualisations of theatre as a form of ritualised performance (see Turner, 1969, 1982; Schechner, 1985, 1993), this paper explores the processes and contexts of the enactment of past conflict and/or violence presented by the two theatrical groups in order to engage with traumatic events in local (and national) history. These processes, which embrace the values of cultural diversity and inclusion, are important for the construction of community identities. The liminality of ritualised performance enables actors and audiences to cross social (including ethnicity and class) and temporal boundaries. They reproduce memories of past violence to make sense of present tensions, such as growing nationalism and xenophobia, and to project their vision of the communal future. This often results in the contestation of the very meaning of place, community and belonging. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that such artistic interpretations of the local past and heritage are instrumental in shaping the identities of the participating youth. The comparison of the two cases also reveals noticeable differences between cosmopolitan and ethno-cultural discourses, which are prevalent in imagining the place, history and heritage of Coventry and Komárno respectively.
17
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Tkaniny pagne jako kulturowe dziedzictwo mieszkancow Togo

75%
Pawlik J. J.
Lud
|
2011
|
vol. 95
159-175
EN
The paper discusses the role of print cloth in the life of West Africans, especially in Lomé, the capital of Togo. First, it describes the Asian and European origins of print cloth and its expansion in West Africa. While the technical production is European in origin, the symbols and ornaments are entirely African. This kind of cloth is of major importance for social life in Togo and it is highly valued. Every pattern has its name, which gives the cloth a symbolic significance. The colour of print cloth is sometimes prescribed for certain ritual and social occasions. The second part of the paper concerns the group of textile tradeswomen, called „Nana-Benz” in Lomé. Up to the 1980s they controlled the whole trade of wax prints from Europe. The last part presents the use of textile prints in fashion.
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