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THE ROLE OF THE IMPERIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMMISSION IN THE PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND FINDINGS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

100%
Szczerba A.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2010
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vol. 19
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issue 1-2(36-37)
7-21
EN
The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of the Imperial Archaeological Commission in the protection of archaeological sites and findings on the territory of the Russian Empire, which also included those found in Polish lands under Russian rule. The Commission, based in St. Petersburg, was set up during the reign of Tsar Alexander II and was a state institution answerable to the Ministry of the Court. The main objectives of the Commission were to gather data on all kinds of antiquities on the territory of the Russian Empire and to conduct a scholarly assessment of their importance. The Commission was also engaged in archaeological excavations, but it was fully free to organize excavations only in state, public and church properties. The law did not allow excavations on private lands to take place until after the owners had given their permission. One of the major tasks of the Commission was to ensure a steady 'flow' of antiquities to the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Naturally, the antiquities that found their way to the Hermitage were those excavated by members of the Commission. Soon after its establishment, the Commission also issued an appeal calling for antiquities to be sent to it. In order to attract potential benefactors, there were even to be financial rewards. Rare and valuable artefacts were transferred to the Hermitage or other institutions selected by the Tsar, while those that were of no interest to any scholarly institution were returned to their owners or finders. In 1889, the Commission obtained, by a Tsar's decree, the exclusive right to conduct archaeological excavations and to grant permission to conducts such excavations, as well as to supervise the renovation of historical buildings. The decree caused the Commission to become the central archaeological institution, in charge of all archaeological work conducted in Russia. The rationale behind the 1889 decree was that it should stop all uncontrolled excavations, but in practice it turned out that archaeological sites and findings were protected only when that was convenient for the Commission or when the Commission found them to be of considerable value.
2
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PEREONSKÍ MNÍSI A PANÓNSKE MISIE NA PRELOME TISÍCROČÍ

75%
Druga M.
Konštantínove listy
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2017
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vol. 10
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issue 2
75 – 87
EN
The following study is a contribution which pertain the issue of Christianisation of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The study is focused on the activities of missionaries, who came from the monastery of Pereo to Pannonia during the early years of the reign of King Stephen. One of the objectives of the study is to present the prevailing views on missionary activities in this area. The study also brings insights into the ideological and political context, which influenced the directions of these missions. The author of the study deals with the question of how missionary activities were affected by monastic reforms that took place in the monastery of Pereo. This monastery was a religious institution, in which syncretism of the Eastern and Benedictine monastic elements spread. At the same time, it represented a foundation for the missionary activities of its monks in the Central European area. The study also tries to fill the gap in the primary sources by introducing a significant analogy, which was the mission of the monks from Pereo in Polish „Sclavinia“.
3

GRADUATES OF THE HIGHER WOMEN’S (BESTUZHEV) COURSES IN THE SERVICE IN THE STATE HERMITAGE (LATE 1910-1970-IES)

75%
Vakhromeeva O.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2019
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vol. 7
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issue 2
95 – 107
EN
The article is devoted to the professional activities of graduates of the Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev) Courses in the State Hermitage Museum. They made a great contribution to the Soviet museum building, they were engaged in the restructuring of the Imperial Hermitage, scientific and exhibition work, and mastered educational field. The article is based on materials from the personal archive of N. V. Blagovo (materials Mel’nikova) and the graduates’ memories. In addition, biographies of 23 employees of the Hermitage, graduates of Courses who worked there from 1914 to 1975, are given for the first time.
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