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1

FORTIFICATIONS FROM THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE REGIONS OF POHRONIE AND POIPLIE

100%
Kovár B.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
57 – 68
EN
Fortified sites from the La Tène Period belong to the main research topics of Karol Pieta. He has contributed to their field excavations in the mountainous environment of Slovakia to a great extent. He also very intensely deals with their classification and dating. In the text, I try to apply his knowledge on the research of the fortified sites in the regions of the Hron and Ipeľ river basins and also confront them with the latest research. K. Pieta has distinguished several types of fortifications: hillfort, castella, small hillfort, refuge place, etc. Unlike other authors, he did not consider only the size of the fortified area, but also its use. Individual fortifications and enclosed areas might have had a practical function, social or symbolic meaning. K. Pieta promotes mainly the defensive and protective function of the fortified sites in the territory of Slovakia. There had to be real reasons and favourable conditions for existence of fortifications, as they were often large structures challenging as for work power and its organization, project with some experience as well as available sources of building material and strategical thinking of the authors. Nevertheless, he does not exclude possible central, commercial or sacral function of the fortified settlements. I have selected the regions of Pohronie and Poiplie in the analysis for three reasons – they are more or less complexly processed and their character allows application of results also for other parts of the north of the Carpathian Basin, maybe with the exception of the area of the Bratislava oppidum. The third characteristics of the chosen region which was the reason for selecting it as a ‘model’ is that it is partly a peripheral area of the La Tène settlement in the north of the Carpathian Basin, where two cultural areas meet – the La Tène and Púchov cultures. According to the current state of research, there are 26 fortified sites of different sizes and forms in the area.
2

AKTIVITY KELTOV NA LOKALITÁCH Z DOBY POPOLNICOVÝCH POLÍ NA SLOVENSKU

75%
Mitáš V., Furmánek V.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
323 – 345
EN
The authors of the article analyse a remarkable phenomenon – occurrence of material from the La Tène period at sites of the Urnfield period. Their deeper interest in this topic follows from the stated sporadically presence of iron artifacts from the Late Iron Age at systematically excavated burial grounds of the South-Eastern Urnfields in the area of Cinobaňa and Radzovce villages in the south of central Slovakia. However, traces of activities of historical Celts are also evident at cremation burial grounds of other contemporary cultures or in tumuli from the Late Bronze Age in other regions of Slovakia. Typical and often peculiar artifacts from the La Tène period also come from several upland sites and hillforts predominantly settled by the Urnfield culture or from the Early Iron Age. The authors not try to present also the studied finds selectively, they attempt to categorise, interprete and last but not least, compare them with similar material from the neighbouring countries.
3
Content available remote

KULTÚRNOHISTORICKÉ  HĽADISKO  POMENOVANIA ARCHEOLOGICKÝCH  NÁLEZÍSK  POHANSKÝ  HRAD/ POHANSKÝ  VRCH A ICH MOTIVÁCIA SLOVOM  POHAN

75%
Mitáš  V., Žigo P.
Študijné zvesti
|
2022
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vol. 69
|
issue 1
113 – 126
EN
The article deals with the names of selected archaeological sites of the Kyjatice culture or selected fortified features with polycultural settlement which are concentrated in the south of Central Slovakia and the adjacent area of Northern Hungary. The authors derive the origin of the Slavic word pohan in the toponyms of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch from the Latin expression pāgānus meaning rural or village, which is related to the Latin word pāgus – village. With regard to the time of origin, a contemporary semantic phenomenon – village castle – is petrified in the names of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch (Hungarian Pogányvár, Pogány-hegy, English Pagan castle, Pagan hill). When named by means of Slavic vocabulary, with their localization and function, these pagan castles were different from the medieval castles which were also built in the country, but in a different era, different social structures and fulfilled functions correspondent with the time of their origin and prospering. The article is motivating and has a further ambition to consider the relation between the Pre-Christian onymic features and their names by words from a later culture. The names of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch had basic functions of proper nouns when they were created in the Slavic language environment and its nearest vicinity – identification, orientation, denomination and reference, i.e. expressing relations of those features to an extinct social identity. In this case, it is related to the population of the Urnfield culture or protohistory.
4
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NOVÉ VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ NÁLEZY Z TURCA

75%
Pieta K.
Študijné zvesti
|
2020
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vol. 67
|
issue 2
349 - 370
EN
The surveys of the eastern foothills of the Malá Fatra Mountains (northern Slovakia) have brought new information about the settlement of the Turiec region. In the hillfort with double rampart lines on a rocky hill not far from Ondrašová, district Turčianske Teplice, isolated finds from the Middle La Tène period and intensive early medieval settlement were found. This fortification and nearby newly discovered sites in Abramová-Polerieka and Zniev significantly increased the number of hill top settlements from the 9th–10th century in the region, where until now mainly small agricultural settlements and burial mounds were investigated.
5

EARLY ROMAN PERIOD BURIALS OF PÚCHOV CULTURE: BURIED NATIVES OR OFFERED FOREIGNERS?

75%
Pieta K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2019
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vol. 67
|
issue 2
241 – 286
EN
The study presents and analyses materials from two hillforts located in North-Western Slovakia, where the Early Roman Age skeletal graves were discovered. At that time, Púchov culture hillforts disappeared abruptly. Significant changes in ethnical composition as well as in power structure led to the modification of settlement structure in the Western Carpathians. Numerous pieces of weaponry, inventories and hoards show that both hillforts analysed in this paper were destroyed in the first decades of the Current Era. Inventories of graves containing Noric-Pannonian attire can be attributed to the same period. So far, we do not know any cemeteries or graves of members of the culture dated back to the younger La Tène and Early Roman Periods. There are only sacrificial sites with dominating cremation rituals. Female burials found on the slopes below the fortifications in Bytča-Hrabové and in Mikušovce belong – together with the older finds from Púchov – to unique finds attributed to the culture. Judging by the position of the deceased and detected fatal injuries, we can assume that these burials reflect some previously unknown ritual practices. The question of whether the deceased were members of the local culture or rather new colonisers – presumably coming from the Noricum milieu -  will be answered by prepared DNA and Isotope analyses.
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