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THE BOTANICAL ACTIVITY OF ELIZA ORZESZKOWA IN GRODNO

100%
Tiszczenko E.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2007
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vol. 16
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issue 1-2(31-32)
65-68
EN
The biography and works of the well-known Polish novelist Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910) abound in traces of her interest in medicine and herbal remedies. As an inhabitant of the town of Grodno since 1869, Orzeszkowa engaged not only in literary and journalistic writing, but also in the study of plants and the popularization of their curative properties. In the herbarium that she collected and constantly updated, a key role was played by local plants, used predominantly for medicinal purposes. The current paper discusses the ways in which the novelist gathered, described and used her collection. It also contains information on a number of naturalist-ethnographic works of reportage, which Orzeszkowa published in the journal 'Wisla'.
2
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FOLK MEDICINE IN UKRAINE AT THE END OF THE 19TH AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES

80%
Szot-Radziszewska E.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1-2(31-32)
69-107
EN
The article is devoted to a discussion of herbal remedies and their use in treatment, as practised by folk medicine in Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The data for the article derives from Polish ethnographic journals, such as 'Lud' (People), 'Ziemia' (The Land), Ukrainian publications and studies by J. Talko-Hryncewicz 'Zarys lecznictwa ludowego na Rusi Poludniowej' (An outline of folk medicine in Southern Ruthenia), as well as O. Kolberg, K. Moszynski and Z. Boltarowycz. The Ukrainians have an ample knowledge of herbs, and of the ways in which herbal remedies can be prepared and used, and such knowledge shows a lot of regional variation. As centuries went by, there developed a number of beliefs, customs and rituals connected with the gathering and drying of herbs, as well as the preparation and use of herbal remedies, both for curative and magical purposes. Many plants were credited by folk tradition with unusual powers of driving away demons and protecting people against the 'evil'. The herbs were believed to make plants, animals and people fecund, and at the same time they were widely used for practical purposes. An extensive body of knowledge of the curative properties of herbs, bushes and trees was held especially by the 'initiated'. The herbal remedies included: infusions, decoctions, and tinctures based on water, alcohol, vinegar, wine, whey and milk, as well as powders, ointments, compresses, fumigations, and inhalations. Among the most widely used were infusions and water-based tinctures made from fresh and dried herbs. It was believed that some plants had magical cure-all powers. Remedies made from St. John's wort were thought to be effective in 'a hundred ailments' and were commonly used in treating diseases of the lungs, the alimentary tract, and the urinary tracts, as well as in curing women's ailments, and in the treatment of malaria, headache, dysentery and colic. A similar role of a panacea for almost all kinds of diseases was attributed to sage, elecampane and valerian. Bilberries were used for stomach ailments, raspberries in treating colds, and cowberries were used for kidney and liver ailments. In the Trans-Carparthian regions inhabited by the Boiko ethnic group, kidney diseases were treated using the whole of cowberry plants. The most numerous group of herbal remedies used in Ukraine was devoted to treating malaria. Ethnograhic materials from both the 19th century, as well as those of contemporary origin, indicate that medical knowledge on the use of herbs or on simple medical procedures was very widespread among the inhabitants of Ukraine. The rural population relied on drugs obtained from fresh parts of plants and 'freshly' killed animals, or on drugs of a mineral origin. Pragmatic therapeutic action was often combined with magical-religious activities. The type of procedures depended on the cause of the disease, and this in turn was explained by beliefs concerning the origin of diseases and of plants. In folk medicine, practical-utilitarian treatment formed an integral whole with magical-religious activities.
3
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ELIZA ORZESZKOWA AS A HERBALIST

80%
Kielak A. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1-2(31-32)
55-64
EN
The aim of the paper is to present the interest in herbalism of the 19th-century Polish novelist Eliza Orzeszkowa. Herbaria compiled by Eliza Orzeszkowa have been analysed and compared with 19th-century writings on herbalism. Eliza Orzeszkowa collected information on herbalism in the Grodno region. The data she obtained were published in the ethnographic journal 'Wisla'. In order to document the knowledge she obtained, Orzeszkowa created herbal collections containing Latin, Polish and folk names of the collected plants. Her interest in botany led her to develop an artistic streak, which manifested itself in the form of beautiful botanical albums and pictures. Through her interest in herbalism, Eliza Orzeszkowa contributed to the preservation of wonderful folk names of herbs and enriched our stock of information on folk medicine in the 19th century. Her plant pictures provide evidence that she was an expert in herbalism.
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