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Europejskie edytorstwo źródeł historycznych w XVII-XVIII w. : próba wstępnej charakterystyki zjawiska

100%
Kurkowski J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2012
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vol. 21
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issue 1-2(40-41)
51-121
EN
The aim of this study is general description of European publishing of historical and historicallegal sources (excluding editions of ancient texts) of the 17th and 18th centuries. It was a phenomenon of grand scope, both in stricte quantitative and spatial sense. Old source publications also give the opportunity to consider a variety of research problems. Explosion of publications of this type occurred between 1650-1750, and lasted until decline of ancien régime. It took place in countries beyond France, England, Reich and Italy. A large collection of editions and works on sources, forming an intricate, tightly connected structure, which functioned as a foundation of former historical knowledge, is an undervalued and poorly recognized category of sources of the history of culture - especially when we think about more daring analytical research and comparative studies, in front of which in the time of digitalization incomparably bigger opportunities unfold. This promising category, although laborious, requires using multi-levelled sequences of historical transmission and reaching beyond the horizon of issues already known, incidental, concerning the biggest editions and leading centres. The starting point for such investigation should be the strenuous and prolonged process of transmission of source texts through print, tied to the accumulation of heuristic and factographic knowledge and working skills, as well as to gradual deepening of methodological reflection, broadening of the scope and expansion of functions of modern historiography. Thus said, successive, intermediate stages of this transmission are brought to the forefront - old editions of sources, long forgotten and withdrawn from the scientific circulation. Comprehensive exploration of these editions, directed to solve problems and allowing for discussing different contexts will definitely make it possible to reveal new, unknown face of old intellectual culture. Panorama of the European publishing of the 17th and 18th centuries, because of enormity of substance and research threads, should be limited to basic issues. The key to this retrospection are lists of scholars and biographers of the late 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, Johann Christoph Gatterer, Friedrich von Martens, Adolf Asher and August Potthast - who perceived that phenomenon from the perspective of the „time of change" - birth of modern, already scholarly publishing. Review of source editions of the epoch, their thematic and chronological scope, content structure and the construction of the editorial commentary serves to reflect on the question of function, methods and forms of two currents of publishing (publishing of narrative sources and sources of acts, documents) in the pre-revolutionary times, to characterize the circle of editors, patrons and addressees of publications, as well as main publishing centers. But first of all, it serves to present the relation between publishing of historical sources with intellectual trends of the 17th and 18th centuries and with political, religious and social problems of the time.
2
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BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST. BERNARD SYRUC (SIRUC), 1731-1784 (Miedzy Wschodem a Zachodem. Bernard Syruc (Siruc) 1731-1784)

70%
Kurkowski J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2009
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vol. 18
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issue 1-2(35-36)
7-50
EN
The paper is devoted to the life and work of Bernard Syruc, a monk of the Lithuanian province of the Piarist order and an eminent, albeit now largely forgotten, scholar of his time. A man of wide-ranging interests: mathematician, historian, classical philologist, Bible scholar and translator, Syruc was the author of the first Polish publication (written in Latin and published in Rome) on integral and differential calculus. His pedagogical skills were highly valued as well: it is significant that after studies in Poland and abroad, Syruc was able to work at the Theresian Academy in Vienna. Later he was actively engaged in two successive educational reforms carried out in Lithuania: he participated in establishing a model Piarist centre at Wilno (Vilna, Vilnius) in the late 1750s and early 1760s, and later took part in the reform of the educational system conducted after 1773 by the Committee for National Education (KEN), as a lecturer of the Main School of Lithuania (1781) and as inspector general. At the same he was responsible for many publications in various fields, including books meant for the general public; most of these were translations, adaptations and compilations of literary dating from Antiquity and Modern times (the latter included works in French, German and even Russian). Among those publications were translations of the history of Poland by Pierre Joseph Solignac and of the history of Russia based on the work of Jean Rousset de Missy (vol. 1-2 and 4), and translations of the memoirs of Tsar Peter the Great edited by Mikhail Shcherbatov (vol. 3), as well as translations of German works, mainly the memoirs of General Christoph Hermann von Mannstein and source materials edited by Christoph Schmidt (vol. 5). The paper is based on source materials available at the Piarist Archives in Cracow, at the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences, at the Czartoryski Library, as well as many Polish, French, German and Russian old prints. The analysis of Syruc's biography and work makes it possible to state that, irrespective of his skills and unique abilities, he was a typical representative of the monastic intellectual elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which traditionally had strong links with the culture and scholarship of Western Europe, but was deeply engaged in the public life of the Commonwealth. This explains Syruc's interest in history in general, and in the history of law and political systems, as well as international relations in particular, which was directed not only towards the West (in line with the 'reorientation to the lands on the Odra (Oder)', which was taking place in the political-historical thinking of the times), but also towards the new European power in the East, Russia. There are also characteristic traces of 'Lithuanization' to be found in the Piarist scholar's work. It is worth adding that Syruc planned to publish works on the history of Lithuania and with that goal in mind approached the KEN with a proposal for a source query in St. Petersburg.
3
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Česká historiografie ve světle sjezdů historiků v letech 1993-2011

41%
Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2012
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vol. 110
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issue 3-4
403-430
EN
This study is an expanded text of the opening address to the 10th Congress of Czech Historians held in Ostrava in September 2011. The author, as a?long-term Committee member of the Association of Historians (since 1992) and the Association?s Chairman in the years 2005?2011, aims to present a?retrospective analysis of the relationship between the social development in the Czech Republic after 1989 and the preparation and the course of four nationwide Congresses of Historians which took place between 1993?2011. He objectively records documented differences during the organisational preparation of the individual congresses and their programme contents, in addition to listing a?number of important factual connections which, one would, potentially, be unable to reconstruct from preserved documents in the future. In his conclusion he contemplates the results of the latest Ostrava Congress in September 2011, at which, also based on their expertise, Czech historians identified tangible expressions of a?social crisis, manifesting themselves in a?form of radicalization of Czech society, amongst other things.
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