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Diskrétní jednotky v jazyce: případ cirkumfixů

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EN
Discrete units, viewed as multipartite fixed forms that function together as functional wholes, are examined here, first in a general background in various languages, and subsequently in Czech, through two extensive probes in a 100-million-word corpus. It is suggested that the phenomenon of the circumfix is not peripheral, as it is found in many languages. However, it depends greatly on the point of view taken, the one advocated here being new to traditional grammars. Of the two basic types, grammatical and lexical circumfixes, where there is a co-occurrence of both forms separated by a basis to which they are affixed, the latter case, which can be illustrated by examples such as nabrezi, namesti, nadrazi, is examined here in some detail. The major type examined is an adjectival combination of prefix+(stem)+suffix -ly and it is shown that in all 25 prefixes conjoined in an adjective, there are some circumfixes with the same meaning and function. It is argued that current approaches cannot discover the phenomenon because of its psychological holistic nature, against a vast background of cases that do not belong here. Naturally, with such a systematic and large-scale approach, a number of open questions arise, some of which invite further research.
EN
Pastoral theology is different from other theological disciplines, as it has an existential and practical orientation. It is also a normative discipline, forming rules, theological models and directives for actions, which should guide the Church, ecclesial communities and their representatives in various domains and on various levels of ecclesial activity. The normative and practical dimensions of scholarly cognition are a compact whole in pastoral theology. Both mentioned dimensions of theological-pastoral reflection not only do not oppose each other, but they are complementary, indeed they are necessary for each other, since in this reflection the point is that the same reality should be understood that is the mystery of God in his transcendence and historical immanence. Today the key issue is taking into consideration in today's theological-pastoral reflection both the normative and practical dimensions. This question is connected with a better understanding of the theory and practice in pastoral theology today, and with the cooperation of pastoral theology with humanities and praxiological disciplines dealing with man's activity. Adequately to the normative and practical dimension of theological-pastoral reflection, pastoral theology should be marked by a holistic (problem-functional) approach, using both empirical and normative methods within the paradigm of the analysis of pastoral theology.
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