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1

MORTALITY, ACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION, INDIGENOUS. CRIPTOTEOLOGY AND CRIPTOANTHROPOLOGY INSIDE JOSÉ SARAMAGO'S NOVELS (Smiertelnosc, zasiedzenie, autochtonizm. Kryptoteologia i kryptoantropologia w powiesciach José Saramago)

100%
Lukaszczyk E.
Anthropos?
|
2011
|
issue 16-17
170-177
EN
In this essay author thesis, that tradition of Judaism and Christian has built and assigned to man metaphysical status of the nomad. As the result, human condition has shown in these categories can not see paradigms which are connected with homestead, rooting, places for live, habitation. As a matter of fact, a place so far called 'homestead' creates only a place for stopover. Moreover 'homestead' seems to be a place for a moment or longer place of acquisitive prescription. Author has convinced, every sign of the homestead is an illusion and truth about human being's situation consists of consternation in the face of spaces immersed in the eternal silence. Perhaps, connection of human being with the idea of the homestead is a specific way of lying self and grow away from death consciousness. That is why, home can be a diaphragm of grave idea. As she confirms, José Saramago's creativity makes possibility for this specific reading, where are presented keys words such as: monotheistic legacy and cryptology constitutes a knowledge about human, but deduced from negative attributes of the God. Author makes a trial and proofs - if we start from point of Judaism and Christian tradition will turn out, that there was no homestead or rooting phenomenon, only illusion. Because the man lived somewhere only till the moment of special call for example as Abraham, who waited till God's call or lived somewhere till the moment of banishment. Homeliness, staying too long, living (or land, family and his father's house from biblical narrative) - all of these belong to the impurity order. There are many parables and stories in the José Saramago's creativity which describe this tragic dimension of the human being condition. It is not only dilemma about man, who became such a loner without right place for live nor outside neither inside, it shows also that every place which constitutes human being existence is a place as every rootedness - contaminated in the irreversible way.
2

HOUSE BEYOND WORDS - SAMUEL BECKETT'S SUBJECT ONTOLOGY (Pozaslowny dom - ontologia podmiotu Samuela Becketta)

100%
Paszek P.
Anthropos?
|
2011
|
issue 16-17
178-185
EN
In this dispute author puts these - more or less possibility of diagram which constitutes human subjectivity as possibility of the homestead in the own way. He marks - homestead of own will not to be understand as place order, objective, standing behind world of living; also it will be not a place of underlined space which keeps human in a safe borders. It will be a place understanding as homestead fund on consideration 'from outside'. In such a perspective, homestead will be a epistemological project and capacity for infinity. Homestead is also dealing with own potential of human interior. Author confirms, as the result question about place for living will be question about localization at all. That is crucial, if man would like to see his own subjectivity. Next part consists of analyze which is connected with Samuel Beckett's poem, called 'Fin de partie'. It is possible to treat Beckett's creativity as characteristic homestead ontology, especially if reader will make a trial of finding a way back into the place marked by address. For Beckett homestead is a manifestation of every single thing which is connected with everything what is located behind and what is consider as dangerous. That is why, homestead is located in paradigm of something which is inexpressible. In fact, every single calling makes a distance, removal as its own attribute. Calling is a perspective of new entrance into the changing language and world space. Homestead is possible to achieve, when human will discover, that it is not kind of work or terminal - as author has assured - it is a border crossing in insisting and solicitous way.
3

WHERE IS HOME IN THE 'GARDENS' OF JAROSLAW IWASZKIEWICZ (Gdzie jest dom w 'Ogrodach' Jaroslawa Iwaszkiewicza?)

100%
Bednarczyk M.
Anthropos?
|
2011
|
issue 16-17
227-237
EN
The essay stands in the constant dialogue with the most famous Iwaszkiewiecz's masterpiece called 'Gardens'. Author of this intriguing anthology wrote a story, in which he turned back into the childhood times. On the one hand, it is possible to read that as a trial of resume focus on his life, but on the other hand it is also to see this as nostalgic retrospective of his most important places and episodes, which are connected with him and with his childhood period. Author of the essay says - wish to say, that aged writer has backed home, but it is not true, because it is not possible to use this phrase about this writer. She confirms - Iwaszkiewicz's journey not leads only into the childhood land, where are solid walls of family homestead, on the contrary - home seems to be omitted or on the second plan. Memories relate mainly to gardens, where sets the action. The garden space has became a safety zone; it is a shelter, which allows dream. Describing story, Iwaszkiewicz, who lives in the garden after all he makes 'garden' a true home-place - place, which is fenced and in which he has grown, and from this place he went to the world. Author has convinced, 'Gardens' are story about fight between culture and nature. It relates with breaking down stereotypes, which are connected with the childhood myth, family tradition of hearth. Moreover, when appears here depreciation of house, it concerns on specifics, which is a manor house located on both - garden childhood (eastern) and this as well as in the central Poland (Byszewy). The exit from the manor house into the garden constitutes the beginning of changes which will bring modernity period. This is relation which is connected with inevitable transition which runs till he will adopt new environment. The garden absorbs attention, creates opportunity of escape, at the same time does not have any borders which means, that is related to a risk. The vision presented by Iwaszkiewicz is undoubtedly impressionistic, but glimmer. Features of homestead gains the garden and this idea seems to be carried out in the consistently way.
4
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STAVEBNÍ VÝVOJ HOSPODÁŘSKÝCH STAVEB STŘEDOVĚKÉ VESNICE NA MORAVĚ

63%
Nekuda R.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 43
95 - 121
EN
This work focuses on the medieval homestead by analysing finds acquired by systematic archaeological surveys on sites of deserted medieval villages. These surveys have proved that the most significant change both in the structure of settlements and in the development of particular villages occurred in the course of the 13the century. This work focuses on resolving the question of the origin and development of the homestead and its internal integration of residential as well as auxiliary buildings. Archaeological research has shown that the basic layout of the three-part house does in fact vary to some extent, as was determined by excavations in the deserted villages of Konůvky and Bystřec. Excavations in Bystřec have delimited several alterations of the layout including single-chamber houses and two-part houses. Research to date has shown that it is not possible to generalize the house types according to findings in one locality. On the contrary, research has shown that regional peculiarities did indeed exist. Within Moravia there is a difference between the south-western and central parts of the region. Changes in the agricultural system also played an important role. The change in the layout of the house took place simultaneously with the development of the yard, where all the auxiliary buildings were located. The yard was eventually filled with stables, granaries, barns, haylofts and sheds. The village of Mstěnice was best equipped with the above-mentioned types of structures. A rising production of grain meant that more buildings were necessary for storage: barns could serve as storage rooms for some time, as the threshing only took place during the winter months.
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