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Filo-Sofija
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2006
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vol. 6
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issue 6
153-170
EN
The task of the article is to show the consequences of the understanding of philosophy by Jürgen Habermas, one of the most outstanding philosophers of our time. Some limitations in his philosophy appear in his utterances on the problems of man related to the possibilities offered by the recent achievements in genetics. As a philosopher he seems to be very distant from the reality of human existence. He proposes to cultivate a pure philosophy, striving first of all to ensure a universality for its solutions. This way he narrows the tasks confronting modern philosophy; besides, he wants to answer the questions concerning the humankind in a way valid for all times, making absolute the legal and constitutional frame being now in force.
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ESPES
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2022
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vol. 11
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issue 2
20 - 27
EN
This essay is about the significance of the body for dwelling. Considering the body implies considering a concrete body, i.e. asking for the experiences embedded in it. Consequently, the body in consideration is, for example, gendered. The topic of dwelling takes Martin Heidegger’s work on the hand as the point of departure and uses philosophical anthropology and Jacques Derrida’s comments on Heidegger as inspiration to suggest that the relationship between the hand and thinking implies asking whose hands build places of dwelling. When dwelling is related to the body, we must also consider what concrete body is involved in building and dwelling.
EN
One of the basic Martin Heidegger's questions is what are the roots and conditions, both philosophical and historical, that culminated in modern viewpoint transforming 'subiectum' into 'res cogitans' due to safeguard its privileged position as the only and rightful owner of the truth. As he looks into the history of metaphysics, he conceives of the tradition, which started with Plato's conception of idea and which had been consistently followed until Cartesian 'ego cogito' was set, as the ages of oblivion of being. 'Esse est percipi', to be means to make the world an object to confirm own potency. As Heidegger shows, this is only a secondary mode of human existence. The everyday being of 'Dasein' rather than its consciousness is the starting point of philosophy. That is why it should be led back to the question of being, which is also the only way to oppose humanism of modern technological society. Dasein's being-in-the-world is originally chaos and risk and therefore philosophy can never be crowned with certainty.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 7
555 – 568
EN
The issue of human rights and especially social rights is one of the most complex, intricate, and, at the same time, one of the most common topics of contemporary philosophy. It brings forward traditional philosophical themes of justice and equality, questions of bridging the moral and legal aspects of providing equal opportunities for everyone. The diversity of philosophical underpinnings of social rights allows theorists to grasp the issue from different perspectives and to introduce readers to the possibilities of accepting social rights such as the recognition of human dignity, equal opportunities, and equal chances in life. Social rights provide a way of restoring justice and opportunities for those who would not otherwise have it at all. In principle, however, it does not decide how social rights are designed, but how they are implemented and whether they are enforceable, ie how the system of social services is set up in a state and what approaches states choose in implementing social rights and whether these adequately provide social guarantees for human existence, dignity, life, equal opportunities and prevention of social exclusion.
EN
Our attempts to answer the question about the sense of life are determined by the fact that we are mortal creatures. This led to the formation of two essential opposing philosophical attitudes towards life and, consequently, two philosophical attitudes towards death: the former is identified with Plato, the latter with Epicurus. The Platonic attitude is based on the hope that human life goes beyond worldliness. In that attitude, earthly life is supposed to be a preparation for eternal life, and philosophy becomes mainly meditation on death. Principally, such an attitude has been adopted by all currents of Christian thought. The Epicurean attitude is based on the conviction that human existence has only an earthly dimension. In this attitude, earthly life is supposed to be lived as if every moment was infinitely long. Such a life becomes a finite sequence of moments which are lived in an infinite dimension. Consequently, philosophy is not reflection on death, but meditation on life. Such an attitude has been adopted principally by all varieties of materialistic philosophy and atheistic existentialism.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2012
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vol. 40
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issue 3
43 - 67
EN
In the paper Human being in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger the author would like to draw readers` attention to the concept of human being in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. This concept, according to the German philosopher, is crucial for the central theme of his philosophy i.e. the problem of being. As far as the human being is concerned, one can find some points of reference in the analysis. The first is connected with the ontological dimension of human existence and such elements as: its mortality and finitude analysed by Heidegger in Kant and the problem of metaphysics; the second focuses on the difference between man and animal in the texts Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik and Lettre on Humanism; the third has in the center the problem of subjectivity considered by Heidegger in Nietzsche. The concept of human being appears against such a background.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2013
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vol. 12
219-229 (część -2)
EN
Suf ering and death, being inherent elements of an individual’s life, are a challenge for everyone and for the whole mankind. This reality requires appropriate approach, which is to accept these facts and experience suf ering and death wisely. It means appropriate recognition of the sense and advisability of this reality. This imperative is even more relevant today, when the fear of suf ering and death becomes an obsession for the people of the technical civilisation. The recognition of the sense of suf ering and the advisability of life allows an individual experience each stage of his life actively and responsibly. The author weighs the problem taking into account the following dimensions: 1) suf ering and death and the components of the existence, 2) experiencing suf ering as the way of discovering eternity, 3) dying and death ass passing into eternity.
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