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1

ANTROPICKÝ PRINCÍP

100%
Dubnička J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2007
|
vol. 62
|
issue 9
813-824
EN
Humans and their relationship to the universe has been a philosophical problem since the antiquity. In the second half of the 20th century, however, due to the new achievements of the relativist cosmology, the problem was revitalized. The developmental stages of the universe are analyzed with regard to the contemporary achievements in science. The humans and the society, i.e. the social form of the motion of the mass with all its characteristics, is considered to be one stage in the development of the universe. The antropic principle, describing humans and their relationship to the universe, brought about the serious philosophical-methodological questions - especially epistemological and the astroengeenering aspects - demanding philosophical reflection. These aspects are examined as positively and also negatively influencing the progress in sciences.
2

KRÍZA IDENTITY A SILNÉ HODNOTENIE

100%
Prokešová E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2011
|
vol. 66
|
issue 5
486-490
EN
The paper examines the connection between identity crisis and Charles Taylor's concept of strong evaluation. The latter is construed as one of the fundamental characteristics of human identity. It is argued that in the absence the ability of strong evaluation a specific form of identity crisis occurs. The main objective of the paper is to show the necessity of strong evaluation for 'healthy identity' and for human capability 'to cure' the identity already in crisis.
3
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EXPERIMENTAL TRANSPLANTOLOGY. XENOTRANSPLANTATIONS - HOPE OR THREAT? (Transplantologia eksperymentalna ksenotransplantacje - nadzieja czy zagrozenie?)

100%
Raniszewska-Wyrwa A.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2010
|
vol. 11
29-42
EN
The author attempts to conduct ethical evaluation of transplanting animal organs into human beings. She argues that such actions are inadvisable because they constitute an experiment on human being which usually leads to immediate death of the recipient. Moreover, costs connected with that type of practice are extremely high. The funds would be better spent on the development of other more promising methods of transplantology which do not bring such high risks connected with immunological reactions. Also, another risk connected with xenotransplantations would be excluded, namely the possibility of infecting human beings with animal diseases which are not serious in the case of animals but may be lethal to humans.
4

KONSTRUOVÁNÍ PŘIROZENÉHO STAVU V ROUSSEAUOVĚ FILOSOFII

88%
Sváčková K.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
|
vol. 73
|
issue 3
191 – 200
EN
The paper examines Rousseau’s approach to the classical “state of nature” conception. Is Rousseau’s system coherent or not? For Rousseau, the state of nature seems to be a hypothetical abstract concept on one hand and a real state of intersubjective relationships within specific human communities on the other.
5

K ANTROPOLOGICKO-ETICKÝM PROBLÉMOM V ESEJACH TEODORA MÜNZA V ČASOPISE FILOZOFIA

75%
Plašienková Z.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2013
|
vol. 68
|
issue 8
665 – 678
EN
The paper deals with the anthropological-ethical problems as articulated in the sketches of the Slovak philosopher Teodor Münz published in the 1990s in the journal Filozofia. Its focus is on Münz’s radical approach to human reason, his demystification of its capacities and consequently his innovative understanding of human condition. In addition to that Münz’s insufficiently justified views are critically reviewed as possible subjects of further debates.
6

MEDZI „ZNOVUZRODENÍM“ A „SMRŤOU“ ČLOVEKA (K NIEKTORÝM PODOBÁM VŤAHU ČLOVEKA A SPOLOČNOSTI) II. ČASŤ: OD RÍŠE ČLOVEKA K „SMRTI“ ČLOVEKA

75%
Pauer J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2007
|
vol. 62
|
issue 9
825-833
EN
The paper examines the present condition of humans and some forms of understanding human existence, forms of the relationship between person and society, especially its particular historical nature. The paper begins with a picture of conceptions prevailing in the history of philosophy. Further it outlines the contemporary spiritual situation and its origins in humanistic Enlightenment traditions of Western culture. Attention is paid also to the fortunes of humanistic tradition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism and further to the disintegration of the classical humanistic ideal in the 20th century. In conclusion the author considers the possible ways of mutual understanding and harmonization of interpersonal relationships as well as those between person and society.
7

ČLOVĚK JAKO PRODUKT UMĚLÉ ZKUŠENOSTI?

63%
Žáčková E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2011
|
vol. 66
|
issue 5
469-474
EN
The 'immersion conception' concerned with the virtual reality was discussed and criticised mainly in the 1990's. However, there were anticipations of the impendent creation of the tools for reality simulation and of the following preference of such reality at the expense of 'basic' reality. An individual was meant to be (mis)shaped by the artificial experience of virtual world. The 'immersion conception' has been overcome due to new relationships between humans and computers and by different 'augmentation' conceptions corresponding much more to our present (as well as past) condition. A man has never been trapped by an artificial experience coming from living in virtual reality generated by computers. More likely we are trapped by our own constructions of reality. Always we have to keep in mind the relativity of the value of the natural experience of basic reality.
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