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EN
Literary analysis of Hadith 29 by An-Nawawi demonstrates that it is constructed in a thoughtfull way. Its text can be divided into four units. Four disturbing questions of Mu’az Ibn Jabal and Muhammad are the ground for divide. The theme of this dialogue are the terms of salvation: the guide to Paradise and the evasion of damnation in Hell. First Prophet specified the triad of religious obligations: fast-alms-prayer but the more important is the triad: islam-prayer-jihad, while in the Gospel all is based on the triad: divine love-love of neighbour-love self. The literary composition of this hadith is based on the principles of the rhetoric, which were formed in the cultural circle of the Near East. They result in the composition of the text in paralel order, which is referred to as concentric construction. It is not linear but involute, concentrated on one essential centre. The centre of this hadith construction is a Koranic quotation from surah XXXII, 16–17. The author of hadith, like biblical authors, puts together and arranges single elements of the constructions in such a way that individual members of its audience can deliberately chose their own way of salvation. The use of biblical patterns is intentional and indicates that the biblical tradition of Old and New Testament was known in the islamic environment of Koranic exegists. It also proves that the biblical doctrine is attractive to them.
DE
Im Artikel werden die Grundsätze der islamischen Eschatologie und Soteriologie besprochen, insbesondere das Verständnis des irdischen Lebens und des Todes im Koran und in den Hadithen. Die Quellentexte des Islams bezeichnen Gott als Schöpfer der Welt und den Herrn aller Schöpfung, was wiederum den Glauben an völlige Abhängigkeit des Menschen von Gott bedeutet. Dem Islam zufolge ist der Mensch vor allem Träger der moralischen Tätigkeiten. Er wird nach seinem Tode die Rechenschaft über seine Entscheidungen ablegen, die er in seinem zeitlichen, als vorübergehende Probezeit begriffenen Leben, getroffen hat. Diejenigen Menschen, mit denen Gott zufrieden sein wird, werden mit ewigem Leben in paradiesischen Gärten belohnt, diejenigen dagegen, die Gottes Zorn erregt haben, werden in die Hölle verbannt.
EN
The purpose of the article is the analysis of the foundations of Islamic eschatology and soteriology, and in particular the understanding of life and death in the Koran and the Hadith. Islamic source texts define God as the Creator of the world and the Lord of all creation, which implies absolute faith in humanity’s total dependence on the Almighty. According to the teachings of Islam, humans are primarily subjects of moral actions. As a result, they will be judged on the basis of the choices made during their lifetime, which is understood as the transient trial period. Humans who satisfy God’s wishes will be rewarded with eternal life in the heavenly gardens, while those who fail to comply with the Almighty’s commands will be subject to damnation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie podstaw islamskiej eschatologii i soteriologii, a szczególnie rozumienia życia doczesnego oraz śmierci w Koranie i hadisach. Teksty źródłowe islamu określają Boga jako Stwórcę świata i Pana wszelkiego stworzenia, co z kolei oznacza wiarę w całkowitą zależność człowieka od Boga. Według islamu człowiek to przede wszystkim podmiot działań moralnych. Zostanie on po swej śmierci rozliczony z wyborów, których dokonał w życiu doczesnym, pojmowanym jako tymczasowy okres próby. Ci ludzie, z których Bóg będzie zadowolony, zostaną wynagrodzeni wiecznym przebywaniem w rajskich ogrodach, tych zaś, na których Bóg będzie zagniewany,obejmie kara Gehenny.
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