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EN
A set of wooden figures representing female deities with painted fronts and flat backs was identified in the archaeological material coming from recent excavations in the Chapel of Hatshepsut. The fragments were scattered through the shafts of Third Intermediate Period date. Most probably they had once formed a single piece of funerary equipment from one of the burials. Remains of nine figures were distinguished. These were divided into two groups by size. The smallscale figures had outstretched arms, while the big-scale ones were shown with one arm raised and the other lowered alongside the body. They are presumed to have been attached to a flat wooden background. Both iconographical types are attested in the decoration of mortuary equipment from the New Kingdom on, though no object decorated with the same set of goddesses has been found so far.
EN
The restoration works during the whm mswt era under Senwosret I, undertaken on a large scale in the whole country, were the example to follow for Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. The reconstruction of monumental structures in both historical moments was performed, above all, in the case of the sacral architecture. This article deals with the vocabulary used by these kings to describe the destruction of the world and the recreation of the new order of the sacred landscape. By studying the vocabulary it was possible to realise the range of works initiated by Hatshepsut and continued by Thutmose III in almost all cult centres of Egypt.
EN
The article presents a probable way of transporting false doors to their location within the Temple of Hatshepsut during its construction. The issue does not seem to be of particular significance until one considers the value of the false doors as such and the impossibility of using heavy equipment in the chapels of the Complex of the Royal Mortuary Cult. The false doors had to be introduced into the construction site at the time that the walls of the chapel were being raised but before the building of the vaults. The options discussed in the article illustrate the logistical problems of the undertaking and the construction opportunities that might have been taken advantage of. The discussion provides a closer look at the construction processes taking place in the Temple of Hatshepsut during the separate stages of expansion and the changes in its functional and spatial design. In consequence, it reopens the debate on the building chronology of the temple.
EN
The reconstruction of a scene sculpted on some quartzite stone fragments discovered recently at Dra’ Abu el-Naga and dating from the reign of Hatshepsut is the subject of this paper. The relief resembles the scenes known from the Red Chapel at Karnak and seems to be a part of the wdỉ sh.t ritual performed on the occasion of the Opet and/or Valley Festivals.
EN
Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III were represented as seemingly equal kings on the side walls of the Second Room of the Main Sanctuary of Amun in the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. Iconographic analysis reveals the relationship between the two rulers, demonstrating the different and discreet ways in which Hatshepsut emphasized her dominant position and Tuthmosis’s secondary one during their co-rule. The quality of the representations is just as crucial as their number for understanding their relationship. Hatshepsut used among others the symbolism of the cardinal points, orientation of figures and the hierarchy of attributes to emphasize the difference in their positions. The four scenes in question are the most representative examples of these fixed rules in the Deir el-Bahari temple.
EN
During a student handling session at the Egypt Centre, Swansea University, two relief fragments from Hatshepsut’s temple at Deir el-Bahari were identified. Both fragments had been cut from the walls of the temple, most likely in the late 19th century, before arriving in Swansea via the Wellcome collection in 1971. One fragment contains two columns of text (W351b) while the second depicts the head of a figure (W1376). This paper examines these two fragments, identifying the head of the figure as Hatshepsut’s daughter, the God’s Wife of Amun Neferure.
EN
In a recent article Andrzej Ćwiek (2015) criticized on ideological grounds one of the hypotheses concerning the reconstruction of the Solar Altar in the Complex of the Sun Cult of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. The theoretical reconstruction in question, presented as one of the possibilities in an earlier text by the present author (Dziedzic 2013), called for two obelisks and a sacrificial table standing on the Solar Altar located in the open courtyard of the complex. Ćwiek also pointed to the practical difficulties associated with transportation and placement of stone obelisks. This article describes the technical aspects of transporting and placing obelisks in two different locations. It also contains calculations concerning the weight impact of the altar elements (obelisks) on the altar structure.
EN
The article deals with the position of Senwosret I in the royal ideology of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Innovations introduced by this king to the architecture, as well as new motifs of decoration that appeared for the first time during the reign of Senwosret I, were not copied by other rulers for a long time. The Thutmoside co-regents were the first to reproduce or to exploit them purposely in their own constructions. The particular role of Senwosret I was also attested in the cult of this royal ancestor performed during the reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, both on the official and private level. The study shows that Hatshepsut and Thutmose III emphasised those elements of Senwosret I activity which had a direct connection with the concept of kingship and its renewal, and referred to the time of renewal of the sacred landscape of Egypt and the regeneration of the sacred kingship, namely the whm mswt era – initiated by Amenemhat I, but continued and completed by Senwosret I.
EN
In a recent article Teresa Dziedzic presented a theoretical reconstruction of the solar altar in the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari, with two obelisks standing on the top of it. From both a technological/logistic and an ideological point of view this hypothesis seems untenable. An alternative reconstruction may be offered in agreement with the archaeological evidence and the ideological program of the temple. Statues of the king and of Amun-Ra placed on the altar served as focal points of an early version of the ritual of ‘joining the sun-disk’.
EN
During epigraphic works carried out in the Southern Room of Amun (Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari) in season of 2014/2015 painted decoration of two chests with sloping lid from the frieze of objects was recorded. On the side of each chest there are two offering scenes, painted with the use of red colour on the yellow background. In those scenes Hatshepsut is the celebrant and Amun-Re is the beneficiary of the offered goods. Names of the king and the god are originally preserved. The content of these chests, described with the use of labelling inscriptions next to each one of them, and the royal iconography in offering scenes are an expression of the renewal aspect, referring to the king. No analogies to this type of decoration on chests have been found so far.
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Ha in Sheta

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EN
The coronation cycle in the Portico of the Birth in the temple of Deir el-Bahari includes a scene of purification of Hatshepsut by a god captioned as Ha in Sheta. This seemingly hapax toponym provides the key to a proper understanding of the highly symbolic meaning of the scene. The place name, composed of basic cosmographical hieroglyphs, has at the same time a spelling that refers to a vast semantic field of the notions of “mystery”, “secret”, “be hidden”, etc. It appears that the purification made by a god of the western desert in a “mysterious” place refers to the initiation of the female pharaoh into the secrets of the sun god, enabling her to fulfill her role as the provider of sustenance for humanity. The role of the god Ha as a protector against hunger, rooted in the Old Kingdom tradition and expressed also in the text of BD 178 in the Offering Chapel of Hatshepsut, is crucial in this respect.
EN
The project “Mammals in the iconography of the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut”, initiated by the author in the 2011/2012 season, encompasses a detailed documentation of the animals depicted in various parts of Hatshepsut’s temple in Deir el-Bahari as a prerequisite for in-depth research. The study follows a multi-disciplinary approach within faunal analysis, and is complemented with technological observations on the execution of relief representations from the temple. At this stage of the project, a general taxonomic identification of the animal representations is nearly complete and a further detailed study of each taxon has been undertaken. Both complete animals (mainly mammals for now) and animal raw materials were studied in addition to the contexts and scenes in which they appear.
EN
The Temple of Hatshepsut was in use, and frequently modified, between the 16th century BC and the 12th century AD. From the beginning of the archaeological work at the site in the 19th century, one of the primary research goals has been to understand the modifications made to the building since its initial construction. The present paper provides an overview of the different arguments and ideas proposed for the original configuration of the Upper Courtyard, confronted with evidence from recent excavations between 2014 and 2016 in different parts of the court. In 2000, architect Andrzej Kwaśnica argued for an unprecedented arrangement of the architectural elements of the Upper Courtyard. However, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the issue should be revisited. The examination of the foundations of the Ptolemaic Portico columns has shown that the six bases may have been in situ since the reign of Hatshepsut.
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