Search results

1

Multidimensional analysis of the green growth of the European Union countries in 2019

100%

Kantor A.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 2

46-66

XX

Green growth is a new approach to the economy that assumes the efficient use of raw materials while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. The aim of the study is to assess green growth in the European Union countries in 2019. For this purpose, secondary data was used and a multidimensional analysis of sustainable development was performed. The non-pattern model together with the Hellwig and Ward methods were implemented. This enabled a comparison between countries, and their classification due to a similar level of development. Based on the analysis, a large discrepancy in terms of green growth was observed in the examined countries. It was noted that the disproportion may turn out to be a problem in the implementation of the sustainable development policy. The results also showed that the position of the country is reflected in its geographic location.

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Wykorzystanie metod wielowymiarowych w określeniu pozycji konkurencyjnej gminy na przykładzie województwa lubelskiego

75%

Adamowicz M., Janulewicz P.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

17-28

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań konkurencyjności gmin województwa lubelskiego przy wykorzystaniu metod wielowymiarowych. W pracy wykorzystano dwie metody: wzorca rozwoju Hellwiga oraz analizę skupień Warda. Badania wykazały przydatność tych metod w strategicznym zarządzaniu gminą. Metoda Wzorcowa Hellwiga pozwala na dokonanie klasyfikacji gmin pod względem konkurencyjności, a metoda analizy skupień Warda okazała się pomocna do klasyfikacji gmin według podobieństwa względem przyjętych zmiennych.

EN

Streszczenie (jęz. angielski) - The paper presents an attempt to use both quantitative and qualitative veriables to analyze complex phenomena. First part of the paper focuses some normalisation methods that often occur in empirical works regarding their characteristics. Special attention concerns zero unitarization method due its adequacy in normalising both quantitative and qualitative veriables. The latter part of the paper presents the metod of quantification and normalization chosen qualitative variables. The whole procedure of normalization, construction of synthetic variable and ranking is illustrated by empirical example. Results of research on the competitiveness of communes in Lubelskie voivodeship consented with the use of multi dimensional methods are presented in the article. Two methods: Hellwig development pattern and Ward aggregation analysis were used in the work. The Hellwig pattern method enable the classification of communes according the level of competitiveness while Ward aggregation analysis is helpful for classification of communes according variables used in research Results of research on the competitiveness of communes in Lubelskie voivodeship consented with the use of multi dimensional methods are presented in the article. Two methods: Hellwig development pattern and Ward aggregation analysis were used in the work. The Hellwig pattern method enable the classification of communes according the level of competitiveness while Ward aggregation analysis is helpful for classification of communes according variables used in research The aim of the study was to show the analogy in the changes in the structure of household expenses in the chosen EU countries and Poland between1988 and 2009. The direction and pace of the changes in the budgets of Polish households can be predicted by using the principle of analogy. Classification of the objects has been carried out based on the modified kmeans method. Three classes of similarities have been distinguished. The structure of Polish households budgets from 2004 – 2008 has turned out the most similar to the structure of the expenses of Portuguese households from 1988 – 2005. In this work we analyzed the changes of the structure of value of agriculture products’ exports in Poland during 1980 – 210 in comparison to other EU countries. In this comparative analysis we chose those EU countries whose largest fraction of exports is constituted by agriculture products: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. To study the changes of the structure of export of agriculture products during those 31 years we used multidimensional analysis methods: Gini index and GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis. To visualize the differentiation of structures of export of agriculture products we used overrepresentation maps (prepared in GradeStat). Analysis was based on 9 groups of agriculture products in million USD: live animals (S2-00), meat and preparations (S2-01), dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), cereals and cereal preparations (S2-04), vegetables and fruit (S2-05), suger, suger preparations and honey (S2-06), coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof (S2-07), feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals (S2-08), miscellaneous edible products and preparations (S2-09). The completed studies have shown a large differentiation of the structure of export of agriculture products in all researched countries. However, the largest differentiation was present in Poland. A significantly high dynamic of growth was observed within three groups of products: dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), vegetables and fruit (S2-05). The participation of those groups in the country’s export has been steadily growing. On the other hand, the participation of until now standard groups of agriculture products (unprocessed: live animals (S2-00) and meat and preparations (S2-01)) has been decreasing. In this work we analyzed the changes of the structure of value of agriculture products’ exports in Poland during 1980 – 210 in comparison to other EU countries. In this comparative analysis we chose those EU countries whose largest fraction of exports is constituted by agriculture products: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. To study the changes of the structure of export of agriculture products during those 31 years we used multidimensional analysis methods: Gini index and GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis. To visualize the differentiation of structures of export of agriculture products we used overrepresentation maps (prepared in GradeStat). Analysis was based on 9 groups of agriculture products in million USD: live animals (S2-00), meat and preparations (S2-01), dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), cereals and cereal preparations (S2-04), vegetables and fruit (S2-05), suger, suger preparations and honey (S2-06), coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof (S2-07), feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals (S2-08), miscellaneous edible products and preparations (S2-09). The completed studies have shown a large differentiation of the structure of export of agriculture products in all researched countries. However, the largest differentiation was present in Poland. A significantly high dynamic of growth was observed within three groups of products: dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), vegetables and fruit (S2-05). The participation of those groups in the country’s export has been steadily growing. On the other hand, the participation of until now standard groups of agriculture products (unprocessed: live animals (S2-00) and meat and preparations (S2-01)) has been decreasing. In this work we analyzed the changes of the structure of value of agriculture products’ exports in Poland during 1980 – 210 in comparison to other EU countries. In this comparative analysis we chose those EU countries whose largest fraction of exports is constituted by agriculture products: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. To study the changes of the structure of export of agriculture products during those 31 years we used multidimensional analysis methods: Gini index and GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis. To visualize the differentiation of structures of export of agriculture products we used overrepresentation maps (prepared in GradeStat). Analysis was based on 9 groups of agriculture products in million USD: live animals (S2-00), meat and preparations (S2-01), dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), cereals and cereal preparations (S2-04), vegetables and fruit (S2-05), suger, suger preparations and honey (S2-06), coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof (S2-07), feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals (S2-08), miscellaneous edible products and preparations (S2-09). The completed studies have shown a large differentiation of the structure of export of agriculture products in all researched countries. However, the largest differentiation was present in Poland. A significantly high dynamic of growth was observed within three groups of products: dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), vegetables and fruit (S2-05). The participation of those groups in the country’s export has been steadily growing. On the other hand, the participation of until now standard groups of agriculture products (unprocessed: live animals (S2-00) and meat and preparations (S2-01)) has been decreasing. In this work we analyzed the changes of the structure of value of agriculture products’ exports in Poland during 1980 – 210 in comparison to other EU countries. In this comparative analysis we chose those EU countries whose largest fraction of exports is constituted by agriculture products: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. To study the changes of the structure of export of agriculture products during those 31 years we used multidimensional analysis methods: Gini index and GCCA – Grade Correspondence Cluster Analysis. To visualize the differentiation of structures of export of agriculture products we used overrepresentation maps (prepared in GradeStat). Analysis was based on 9 groups of agriculture products in million USD: live animals (S2-00), meat and preparations (S2-01), dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), cereals and cereal preparations (S2-04), vegetables and fruit (S2-05), suger, suger preparations and honey (S2-06), coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof (S2-07), feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals (S2-08), miscellaneous edible products and preparations (S2-09). The completed studies have shown a large differentiation of the structure of export of agriculture products in all researched countries. However, the largest differentiation was present in Poland. A significantly high dynamic of growth was observed within three groups of products: dairy products and birds’ eggs (S2-02), Fish, crustacean and molluscs, and preparations thereof (S2-03), vegetables and fruit (S2-05). The participation of those groups in the country’s export has been steadily growing. On the other hand, the participation of until now standard groups of agriculture products (unprocessed: live animals (S2-00) and meat and preparations (S2-01)) has been decreasing. The paper presents an investigation within the subject of fuzzy methodology concerning some phenomena, which is the consequence of their fuzzy nature. In order to illustrate some fuzzy procedures and their results an empirical example is included. The paper presents the forecast of agrarian structure of voivodships up to 2020 according to typological groups. The data were taken from Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture edited by Central Statistical Office. The forecast was based on the method of structures’ forecasting proposed by Nowak. Then, on the basis of fuzzy classification method, the prediction of spatial differentiation of the structure under investigation up to 2020 was evaluated. The forecast presents what kind of changes in agrarian structure of voivodships will take place if the direction and rate of changes within the period of 2002 – 2009 remain stable. Investments of local communes are intentional expenditures of capital aimed at increase in tangible and intangible benefits of the commune. All effective expenditures born by the commune on construction and reconstruction of its wealth are treated as funds positively influencing its development and well-being of citizens. The paper was intended to assess the level of dispersion, i.e. concentration of expenditures on investments born by 19 cities acting as counties in Silesian voivodship. The fundamental measure used in research was concentration coefficient proposed by Karol Kukuła and the basis for calculations was data presented in budget usage collected by Regionalna Izba Obrachunkowa in Katowice. The regression theory involves methods and tools of exact description of relations between various types of phenomena. Since many years, it is used for the economic and econometric models formulation, however, as the analyze of literature indicates, regression is understood in different ways. This article is a reflection on the application of quantitative methods in economics processes modeling, with particular emphasis on the relations between them, expressed by regression. The regression theory involves methods and tools of exact description of relations between various types of phenomena. Since many years, it is used for the economic and econometric models formulation, however, as the analyze of literature indicates, regression is understood in different ways. This article is a reflection on the application of quantitative methods in economics processes modeling, with particular emphasis on the relations between them, expressed by regression. The article shows the practical application of the Analytic Network Process in solving decision problems from the field of management. The ANP Model proposed in this paper includes all kinds of dependencies and feedback between decision-making elements in the area of manufacturing management, reflecting the complexity of the problem and actual compounds that occur both between the agents within the company as well as in its surroundings. The paper emphasises the possibility of using experts’ opinion, who gave importance (specifying the validity) of decision-making elements using pairwise comparisons, allowing the identification of factors and the evaluation of their impact on the increase in the volume of production. The article shows the practical application of the Analytic Network Process in solving decision problems from the field of management. The ANP Model proposed in this paper includes all kinds of dependencies and feedback between decision-making elements in the area of manufacturing management, reflecting the complexity of the problem and actual compounds that occur both between the agents within the company as well as in its surroundings. The paper emphasises the possibility of using experts’ opinion, who gave importance (specifying the validity) of decision-making elements using pairwise comparisons, allowing the identification of factors and the evaluation of their impact on the increase in the volume of production. Entering into European Union and financial markets crisis left their stamps on Polish economy. Land market was influenced by these changes the most significantly since December 5, 1989, when new regulations concerning free transactions in land appeared. In the nineties farmland was treated as an additional superfluous ballast, however, together with Polish accession to EU it became one of the most popular alternative investments bringing profiteers huge profits in short term. Unfortunately, financial crisis trundling on the real estate market sadly revised investors’ optimistic plans. Abortive investments in too expensive lands without possibility of being transformed into building terrains became problems to people without appropriate knowledge and skills who had wanted to earn quickly. Currently, despite of spreading fashion of land purchase, the market has been weakened significantly. It can be admitted that finally the farmers instead of profiteers are interested in land purchase, which is the beginning of situation stabilization and the first sign of market maturity. Calculus of variations and optimal control theory are on one hand side intensively developing mathematical theories on the other at the center of both of them lies investigating of extremal problems. In connection with extremal problems there naturally arise questions important for mathematics and applications: 1) does there exist a solution of the problem? 2) is the solution unique? 3) how to really find the solution? For problems with constrains, a general principle was proposed by Lagrange. This idea can be generalized far beyond the limits of the problems that he considered. In the paper we present unified formulation of problems of calculus of variations and optimal control in connection with Lagrange principle. There is a 5:1 ratio between the number of households and business entities. This ratio is considered “quantum satis”. The purpose of this paper is to estimate level of local government unit’s financial independence in eastern Poland. For this purpose it was used multidimensional statistical analysis allowing to describe complex effect with help of one variable, so called value of synthetic variable (Hellwig’s method, additive aggregation function). The purpose of this paper is to estimate level of local government unit’s financial independence in eastern Poland. For this purpose it was used multidimensional statistical analysis allowing to describe complex effect with help of one variable, so called value of synthetic variable (Hellwig’s method, additive aggregation function). A number of recent papers on the management of the stock portfolio describes the advantages of the naïve diversification. The naïve strategy performs similarly to the ones which use sophisticated mathematical models. In this paper the strategy is presented which statistically significantly overperforms the naïve strategy. The aim of the paper was to make an attempt to assess the influence of belonging to selected population groups on the size of flows between different states of economic activity, as well as to determine the nature of unemployment found in the various population groups, especially among the rural population. The research showed that the changes in economic activity are mainly affected by structural factors, but in some population groups it is possible to improve the employment situation through actions towards an improvement of the prosperity on the market of goods and services. The aim of the paper was to make an attempt to assess the influence of belonging to selected population groups on the size of flows between different states of economic activity, as well as to determine the nature of unemployment found in the various population groups, especially among the rural population. The research showed that the changes in economic activity are mainly affected by structural factors, but in some population groups it is possible to improve the employment situation through actions towards an improvement of the prosperity on the market of goods and services. Dynamic development of organic farming in Poland is observed since 2004. At that time were introduced the subsidies to organic agricultural production for farms with the certificate of conformity and were in the course of the changes. The aim of this study is to present the dynamics of growth of the number and size of organic farms and the number of organic ecological factories in Poland in the years 2004-2010 and the designation of the forecasts for the next three years. To designate the forecasts of investigated phenomena it was used extrapolation of models of development trends method. In this paper we discuss the development of the rural population in Poland over the past 60 years and the latest demographic projections of Central Statistical Office. The main objects of our attention are the demographic processes in rural-urban cross-section. Poland belongs to the less urbanized countries in Europe. Among Polish neighbors, a lower proportion of urban population is only in Slovakia. However, in the past, differences in the level of urbanization between Poland and other European countries were much higher. In the years 1950-1990 the percentage of urban population in Poland increased from 35 to 62%. However, since 1990. share of rural population has ceased to fall and in the last few years have seen a decline in urbanization even in our country. The main reason for the change is a systematic change in the directions of rural-urban migration. More and more urban population moves to the village. Quite interestingly, this process began much earlier than the changed political system in Poland. Since 1975. decreases systematically negative balance of net rural-urban migration. Since 2000. more and more of the population migrates to the country than comes out. We also pay attention that a similar phenomenon of the growing importance of the share of rural population also occurs in other countries. However, while Poland is following the European countries also in the sphere of customary transformation, the village population seems to be the mainstay of traditional family values. In this paper we discuss the development of the rural population in Poland over the past 60 years and the latest demographic projections of Central Statistical Office. The main objects of our attention are the demographic processes in rural-urban cross-section. Poland belongs to the less urbanized countries in Europe. Among Polish neighbors, a lower proportion of urban population is only in Slovakia. However, in the past, differences in the level of urbanization between Poland and other European countries were much higher. In the years 1950-1990 the percentage of urban population in Poland increased from 35 to 62%. However, since 1990. share of rural population has ceased to fall and in the last few years have seen a decline in urbanization even in our country. The main reason for the change is a systematic change in the directions of rural-urban migration. More and more urban population moves to the village. Quite interestingly, this process began much earlier than the changed political system in Poland. Since 1975. decreases systematically negative balance of net rural-urban migration. Since 2000. more and more of the population migrates to the country than comes out. We also pay attention that a similar phenomenon of the growing importance of the share of rural population also occurs in other countries. However, while Poland is following the European countries also in the sphere of customary transformation, the village population seems to be the mainstay of traditional family values. In this article, the problem of optimization of crop production was formulated as nonlinear generalized transportation problem. As a solution the author proposed generalized quasi-basis method. The illustrative example completes the presentation. The study exemplifies an application of the multidimensional comparative analysis aiming at quantification of international competitiveness of the agri-food economy. The international competitive position was equated to a form of a synthetic measure. The coefficients trends allowed quantifying perspectives of equalization of international competitiveness levels between countries. The empirical investigation identified six patterns of the observed interdependences. Convergence should not be expected in the whole set, but in subgroups of objects. In the light of the Central Statistical Office data from 2010, farm equipment is shows very high differentiation in spatial aspect across Poland. The paper presents an attempt to construct ranking of voivodships with respect to the level of farm equipment. On the basis of zero unitarization method different variables are compared and used to form the synthetic variable. In consequence, three groups of districts were distinguished: of high, moderate and low level of farm equipment. This work is devoted to discussions on application of relative measures of accuracy of the ex-post forecasts. The authors showed that when the variable has a very large amplitude of seasonality indicators the average absolute forecast error (MAPE) can not be used. Theoretical study are illustrated on the example of thermal energy production. This work is devoted to discussions on application of relative measures of accuracy of the ex-post forecasts. The authors showed that when the variable has a very large amplitude of seasonality indicators the average absolute forecast error (MAPE) can not be used. Theoretical study are illustrated on the example of thermal energy production. The analysis of monthly prices of broiler chicken livestock in years 1991 - 2011 in this paper was presented. Decomposition of price time series was performed using method Census II/X11. Price of broiler chicken livestock characterize stable an stronger in recent years seasonality. In 2011 the seasonal index was ranged from 107,3% in August to 92,2% in December. In the range of six month more than half of price variability (51,4%) is a result of long period changes, 44,9% of variability is shaped by seasonal fluctuations and only 3,7% is made by irregulars fluctuations. In this paper, the rankings of the food industry sector companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange were made on the basis of Taxonomic Attractiveness Measure of Investment. The following groups of variables were included in this study: liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, debt ratios, activity ratios, market-based ratios. Then analyzed whether the positions in the rankings of investigated companies remained stable over the period 2009-2011. In this paper, the rankings of the food industry sector companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange were made on the basis of Taxonomic Attractiveness Measure of Investment. The following groups of variables were included in this study: liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, debt ratios, activity ratios, market-based ratios. Then analyzed whether the positions in the rankings of investigated companies remained stable over the period 2009-2011. The article focuses on trade between Japan and Poland, in 2000-2010 years, using the SITC (Standard International Trade Classification), identifying trends occurring among one of classification group: Food and live animals. Analysis of exports and imports between Japan and Poland shows big changes in trade with Japan and the large growing difference in the trade balance. Furthermore the imported and exported groups of products show market differences and demand in Japan. The paper presented classification of voivodships due to the selected financial data business accommodation and catering department. For this purpose it was used the multidimensional statistical analysis allowing describe complex effect with help of one variable, so called value synthetic variable. Among the factors that impact the absorption of European Union funds in Polish agriculture, natural, demographic, technical and organisational conditions of the development of agriculture can be differentiated. The basic objective of the article is to identify and quantify the factors, which significantly impact the territorial differentiation of the absorption of European Union Funds in Polish agriculture within the framework of the “Modernisation of agricultural holdings” Rural Development Programme for 2007-2013. Among the factors that impact the absorption of European Union funds in Polish agriculture, natural, demographic, technical and organisational conditions of the development of agriculture can be differentiated. The basic objective of the article is to identify and quantify the factors, which significantly impact the territorial differentiation of the absorption of European Union Funds in Polish agriculture within the framework of the “Modernisation of agricultural holdings” Rural Development Programme for 2007-2013. The wage effects of student numbers on particular fields of study in Poland are analyzed. It is found that any of the fields of study, i.e. humanitarian, business and economics, technical or natural sciences, contributes to an increase in wages on the macroeconomic level, but the whole effect is smaller for studies in economics, which could be an outcome of too high interest in that kind of education. On the other side, our results for technical studies could be viewed as an argument in favor of an excess labor market demand for engineers compared to their supply by the educational system.

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Ocena realizacji koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju w podregionach województw Polski Wschodniej z wykorzystaniem metody wzorca rozwoju Hellwiga

75%

Iwacewicz-Orłowska A., Sokołowska D.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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vol. 1(79)

PL

Celem opracowania jest analiza poziomu wdrażania zrównoważonego rozwoju w podregionach pięciu województw Polski Wschodniej. W opracowaniu wykorzystano podstawowe narzędzia monitoringu tejże koncepcji, którymi są wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju pogrupowane według obszarów: społecznego, gospodarczego i środowiskowego. Efektem jest opracowanie rankingu podregionów Polski Wschodniej w roku 2013 wraz z wyszczególnieniem rankingów podregionów w poszczególnych obszarach zrównoważonego rozwoju. Analiza ma charakter ilościowy i jakościowy. Do jej przeprowadzenia wykorzystano dane dotyczące z poziomu NTS3 za rok 2013, pozyskane z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS. Z grupy 97 wskaźników wybrano 34, które są istotne z punktu widzenia tematu badania. Do przeprowadzenia porządkowania liniowego podregionów województw Polski Wschodniej w aspekcie wybranych wskaźników została użyta – ze względu na wielokryterialność badania – metoda wzorcowa Hellwiga. Praca zawiera również analizę wybranych wskaźników mających wpływ na miejsce podregionów w rankingu.

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse the level of implementation of sustainable development in the subregions of the five voivodeships of Eastern Poland. The author uses basic tools for the monitoring of this concept of development, i.e. indicators of sustainable development grouped according to social, economic, and environmental areas. The result is the creation of a ranked list of the subregions of Eastern Poland in 2013, along with the ranking lists of subregions in specific areas of sustainable development. The analysis has both a quantitative and qualitative aspect. To conduct the study, data for NTS3 level from the Local Data Bank, a database of the Central Statistical Office of Poland for the year 2013 were used. Out of the total number of 97 indicators, 34 were selected as relevant. Because of the multi-criteria nature of the research, in order to perform the linear ordering of the subregions of Eastern Poland in terms of the chosen indicators, the Hellwig method was used. The paper also contains an analysis of selected indicators affecting the subregions' positions on the ranked list.

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Metoda Hellwiga jako kryterium doboru zmiennych do modeli szeregów czasowych

75%

Serwa D.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 2

312-321

PL

Celem pracy jest rozstrzygnięcie, czy metoda Hellwiga jest użyteczna w odniesieniu do konstruowania modeli szeregów czasowych i w jakim zakresie jest ona konkurencyjna wobec innych metod, na przykład wykorzystujących kryteria informacyjne Schwarza i Akaike. Okazuje się, że metoda Hellwiga w pewnych, często w praktyce ekonometrycznej występujących przypadkach, nie prowadzi do wyboru odpowiedniego modelu.

EN

We check if Hellwig method is useful in building time-series models and if it performs better than other statistical methods, including Akaike and Schwarz information criteria. We find that the Hellwig method often leads to incorrect model specifications.

5

Feature Selection Methods in Image-Based Screening for the Detection of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in First-Contact Hospitals

75%

Omiotek Z., Burda A.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2016

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issue 2(44)

187-196

EN

In this paper, results of dimension reduction in feature space for thyroid ultrasound images using the heuristic identification of noisy variables, testing the significance of correlation coefficients and the method of Hellwig index of information capacity, have been compared. The best results were achieved using the Hellwig method. It enabled us to choose only 3 features from a large set of 283 discriminant ones. Classifiers built on the basis of this reduced set of features have the highest classification sensitivity (0,82) and the highest classification specificity (0,83 ) in comparison to other reduced datasets that we used in our research. Results showed that the Hellwig method can be used as an effective process for dimension reduction in feature space in classification of thyroid ultrasound images.

PL

W pracy porównano wyniki redukcji wymiaru przestrzeni cech dla obrazów USG tarczycy, uzyskane za pomocą heurystycznej identyfikacji zmiennych zakłócających (HINoV), testowania istotności współczynników korelacji oraz metody wskaźników pojemności informacyjnej Hellwiga. Najlepsze efekty uzyskano za pomocą metody Hellwiga, która pozwoliła wybrać tylko 3 cechy z pełnego zbioru liczącego 283 cech dyskryminacyjnych. W porównaniu z innymi, zredukowanym zbiorami danych, które wykorzystywane były w badaniach, klasyfikatory zbudowane na podstawie tych trzech cech mają największą wrażliwość (0,82) oraz specyficzność (0,83) klasyfikacji. Badania wykazały, że metoda Hellwiga może być stosowana jako skuteczny sposób zmniejszania wymiaru danych w klasyfikacji obrazów USG tarczycy, mającej na celu rozpoznawanie choroby Hashimoto.

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Analiza porównawcza rozwoju zrównoważonego podregionów województw polski wschodniej w latach 2013 i 2015 metodą wzorca Hellwiga

75%

Iwacewicz-Orłowska A., Sokołowska D.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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vol. 340

57-78

PL

Celem opracowania jest analiza poziomu rozwoju zrównoważonego podregionów pięciu województw Polski Wschodniej w latach 2013 i 2015 oraz wskazanie czynników kluczowych determinujących pozycję podregionów w rankingach. Analiza została przeprowadzona z wykorzystaniem metody Hellwiga. W pracy dokonano porównania rankingu podregionów z roku 2013 z nowym rankingiem opracowanym dla roku 2015. Dla sporządzenia tychże rankingów zostały wykorzystane wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju opracowane przez Urząd Statystyczny w Katowicach w roku 2011. Następnie przedstawiono zmiany, jakie zaszły w rankingu podregionów w uwzględnionym okresie oraz przeanalizowano przyczyny tychże zmian.

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse the level of sustainable development in the subregions of the five voivodships of Eastern Poland in years 2013 and 2015 and indicate crucial determinants influencing the position of subregions in rankings. Analysis was conducted using the Hellwig method. In the paper, authors compared the ranking of subregions from 2013 with the new ranking for 2015. For preparing these rankings indicators of the sustainable development drawn up by Statistical Office in Katowice in 2011 were used. Next point was to describe changes which occurred in the ranking of subregions in the analysed period, as well as shown reasons of changes.

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PORÓWNANIE METODY HELLWIGA I METODY WALORYZACJI WEDŁUG BONITACJI PUNKTOWEJ DO OCENY ATRAKCYJNOŚCI TURYSTYCZNEJ GMIN NA PRZYKŁADZIE WOJEWÓDZTWA PODKARPACKIEGO

63%

Stec A.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2017

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vol. 18

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issue 2

314-323

PL

Za jedną z bardziej obiektywnych ocen atrakcyjności turystycznej regionu uważa się metodę bonitacji punktowej, ponieważ pozwala ona na grupowanie cech posiadających różne miana oraz łączy cechy ilościowe i jakościowe. W ocenie atrakcyjności turystycznej obszarów można również zastosować taksonomiczną metodę miary rozwoju Hellwiga. Głównym celem opracowania jest porównanie przydatności metody Hellwiga i metody według bonitacji punktowej do oceny atrakcyjności turystycznej na przykładzie województwa podkarpackiego.

EN

Valorisation by point bonitation method is considered as one with a more objective assessment for assesment of region tourist attractiveness, because it allows the breakdown of characteristics with different titers and combines both quantitative and qualitative features. In the assessment of the attractiveness of the tourist areas, the Hellwig taxonomic method of measuring development can also be used. The main purpose of this article is comparison of usefulness of the Hellwig taxonomic method and valorisation by point bonitation method to tourism attractiveness evaluation based on podkarpackie voivodeship example.

8

ZASTOSOWANIE METODY HELLWIGA DO OKREŚLENIA ATRAKCYJNOŚCI TURYSTYCZNEJ GMIN NA PRZYKŁADZIE WOJEWÓDZTWA PODKARPACKIEGO

63%

Stec A.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

|

2015

|

vol. 16

|

issue 4

117-126

PL

Turystyka jest jedną z wiodących gałęzi gospodarki w woje¬wództwie podkarpackim. Atrakcyjność turystyczną można określić jako stopień, w jakim warunki istniejące na danym obszarze zachęcają turystów do przyjazdu. W celu określenia potencjału turystycznego gmin, autor zastosował metodę Hellwiga i poddał ocenie wielokryterialnej przestrzeń turystyczną gmin. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było stworzenie rankingu gmin pod względem atrakcyjności turystycznej.

EN

Tourism is one of the leading industries in the Podkarpackie Vivodeship. Tourist attractiveness can be defined as the extent to which conditions in the relevant area encourage tourists to come. In order to determine the tourism potential of municipalities, the author has applied the Hellwig method and multicriteria evaluation of tourist are in municipalities. The aim of the study was to establish the ranking of municipalities in terms of attractiveness for tourists.

9

ANALIZA KONWERGENCJI ROZWOJU GMIN WOJEWÓDZTWA PODKARPACKIEGO

63%

Kiczek M.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

|

2015

|

vol. 16

|

issue 3

162-171

PL

Celem opracowania jest zbadanie występowania efektu konwergencji rozwoju ekonomicznego gmin województwa podkarpackiego. W pracy dokonano podziału gmin na miejskie, miejsko-wiejskie i wiejskie dla określenia w której grupie gmin efekt konwergencji jest najmocniejszy. Dla realizacji tak postawionego celu artykułu niezbędnym było wyznaczenie wskaźnika poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego analizowanych JST (Jednostek Samorządu Terytorialnego). Do analizy wskaźnika poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego wyznaczonego metodą Hellwiga zastosowano podejście sigma i beta konwergencji. Dla oszacowania synte-tycznego miernika rozwoju Hellwiga wykorzystano zmienne o charakterze ekonomicznym, społecznym, technicznym i ekologicznym. Badania dotyczą lat 2007-2012.

EN

The main purpose of the paper is to study the occurrence of the convergence effect of Podkarpackie Province communes economic development. The study divided the communes in urban, urban-rural and rural to define in which group of communes convergence effect showed greater rate. To realization such established purpose of this article it was necessary to determine the socio-economic development level of the analysed local government units. The method used in this paper is Hellwig synthetic development measurement. To analyse the indicator of the socio-economic development level applied sigma and beta convergence approach. This method takes into account a number an economic, social, technical and ecological variables. Research focuses on the period between 2007-2012.

10

The Use of Selected Methods of Linear Ordering to Assess the Innovation Performance of the European Union Member States

51%

ROSZKO-WÓJTOWICZ E., GRZELAK M. M.

Economic and Environmental Studies

|

2019

|

vol. 19

|

issue 1

9-30

EN

The growing interest in measuring economic and social phenomena that are difficult to observe directly increases the need for researchers to broaden the use of multivariate statistical analysis methods. The ease of interpreting results presented in the form of rankings makes it common practice to use different methods of linear ordering of objects. If the appropriate assumptions are met, the determined set of variables allows for the construction of a synthetic measure whose ordered values provide a ranking. Such a statistical approach is quite often used in assessing the level of innovativeness of economies, and the literature abounds in various innovation indices. The starting point of this paper is a set of 27 variables on the basis of which the Summary Innovation Index is developed. After verifying the statistical assumptions and reducing the database to 21 diagnostic factors, the authors construct a total of nine innovation rankings, using different methods of linear ordering and selected procedures for normalisation of variables. The aim of the paper is therefore to assess the impact of selected methods of linear ordering (Hellwig’s method, TOPSIS method, GDM method) and various procedures for normalising variables (classic standardisation, positional standardisation, quotient transformation) on the final ranking of the EU Member States due to the level of their innovation performance. The obtained results confirm that the applied method of linear ordering and the selection of the normalisation procedure have an impact on the final ranking of the examined objects – in this case, the final ranking of the EU Member States due to the level of their innovativeness analysed in the presented research.

PL

Rosnące zainteresowanie pomiarem zjawisk ekonomicznych i społecznych, trudnych do bezpośredniego zaobserwowania, wzmaga potrzebę badaczy do szerszego stosowania metod wielowymiarowej analizy statystycznej. Łatwość interpretacji wyników przedstawianych w formie rankingów sprawia, że powszechnością staje się korzystanie z różnych metod porządkowania liniowego obiektów. Przy spełnieniu odpowiednich założeń, wyodrębniony zbiór zmiennych pozwala na budowę zmiennej syntetycznej, której uporządkowane wartości dają ranking. Takie podejście statystyczne jest dość często stosowane w ocenie poziomu innowacyjności gospodarek, literatura przedmiotu obfituje w różne indeksy innowacyjności. Punktem wyjścia w tym artykule jest zestaw 27 zmiennych, na podstawie których opracowywany jest Summary Innovation Index. Po sprawdzeniu założeń statystycznych i zredukowaniu bazy do 21 czynników diagnostycznych, autorzy konstruują łącznie 9 rankingów innowacyjności, stosując różne metody porządkowania liniowego oraz wybrane procedury normalizacji zmiennych. Celem artykułu jest zatem ocena wpływu na ostateczny ranking krajów członkowskich UE ze względu na poziom ich innowacyjności wybranych metod porządkowania liniowego (metoda Hellwiga, metoda Topsis, metoda GDM) oraz różnych procedur normalizacji zmiennych (standaryzacja klasyczna, standaryzacja pozycyjna, przekształcenie ilorazowe).

11

Zastosowanie metod wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej do oceny stanu środowiska w województwie dolnośląskim

51%

Bąk A.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2018

|

issue 1

7-20

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of multidimensional comparative analysis methods used to assess the state of the environment in Dolnośląskie voivodship in the cross-section of powiats. The research was conducted on the basis of data from the CSO of Poland for 2015 concerning the state and environmental protection in 30 powiats of Dolnośląskie voivodship. The method of linear ordering of objects based on a pattern object (or an anti-pattern object) was used in the research. Many of them described in the subject literature usually lead to differing results (rankings of objects are not the same). It results from i.a. the adopted methods of normalization and weighing of variables and aggregations (creation of synthetic variables). The article is an attempt to compare the results of linear ordering of powiats due the environmental state with the use of method based on a pattern object (or an anti-pattern object). In the rankings correctness analysis, quality indicators were used to evaluate the quality of linear ordering methods.

PL

Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie wyników metod wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej wykorzystywanej do oceny stanu środowiska w województwie dolnośląskim w przekroju powiatów. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych GUS za 2015 r. dotyczących stanu i ochrony środowiska w 30 powiatach województwa dolnośląskiego. W badaniu zastosowano metody porządkowania liniowego obiektów (wzorcowe i bezwzorcowe). Wiele z nich opisanych w literaturze przedmiotu na ogół prowadzi do zróżnicowanych wyników (rankingi obiektów nie są takie same). Wynika to m.in. z przyjętych metod normalizacji i ważenia zmiennych oraz agregacji (tworzenia zmiennych syntetycznych). W artykule podjęto próbę porównania wyników porządkowania liniowego powiatów ze względu na stan środowiska za pomocą wybranych metod wzorcowych i bezwzorcowych. W analizie poprawności rankingów wykorzystano mierniki oceny jakości metod porządkowania liniowego.

12

Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy polskich regionów

51%

Miłek D., Paluch P.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2016

|

vol. 48

90-103

PL

Procesy rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego wyznaczają wyraźne zróżnicowania przestrzenne i strukturalne. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę i ocenę poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego polskich regionów w 2009 i 2013 roku. Dla realizacji celu badań wykorzystano 38 cech diagnostycznych, które zostały usystematyzowane według następujących aspektów: demo-grafia i rynek pracy, poziom rozwoju społecznego, poziom rozwoju gospodarczego oraz poziom rozwoju infrastruktury technicznej. Przy wykorzystaniu metody taksonomicznej Z. Hellwiga dokonano grupowania województw, rozróżniając regiony o najwyższym, wysokim, niskim i najniższym poziomie rozwoju. Powyższe podejście pozwoliło na zidentyfikowanie zmian w proce-sach rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego polskich województw w analizowanych latach.

EN

The processes of socio-economic development appoint distinct spatial and structural diversities. The article presents analysis and evaluation of the socio-economic level of development of Polish regions in 2009 and 2013. For the realization of the purpose of research, 38 diagnostic features were used, which were systematized according to the following aspects: demography and the labour market, the level of social development, the level of economic development and the level of technical infrastructure development. By using the taxonomical Z. Hellwig method, prov-inces were grouped distinguishing regions of highest, high, low and lowest level of development. Adopting such an approach made it possible to identify changes, both negative and positive, in socio-economic development processes taking place in Polish provinces in the analysed years.

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