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EN
Henry James was not a sentimental writer. However, in his later books we can find traces of repressed emotions and melancholy. One of the most intriguing literary documents showing the nostalgic strain in James is his collection The American Scene (1907), a record of the novelist’s return to the USA after a twenty-years-old absence. It contains various manifestations of James’s nostalgia – for example, his memories of New York and his melancholic recollections of the places connected with his youth. Also, it shows James’s convoluted rhetoric of memory as a space of repression and displacement as well as his unwillingness to address these issues in a direct fashion.
EN
This article looks back to the book The Library of Henry James published in 1987 by James’s most renowned and possessive biographer Leon Edel and the biographer’s friend, the independent scholar Adeline Tintner. While Edel outlines the history of James’s book collection in his house in Great Britain, Tintner offers examples of James’s use of the trope of library in his fiction. In between the two essays, the two authors included a catalog of James’s collection in Rye, indicating the location of all the items as of 1987. This article relies on the information provided in Edel and Tintner’s book, to which little has been added since, and offers a theoretical and historical approach to the topic of library in the context of Henry James’s biography and literary heritage. The article gives theoretical ramifications to the findings of Edel and Tintner by distinguishing between the three meanings of “library:” a physical space, a cataloged collection, and a literary trope. It also juxtaposes Edel’s biographical-historical essay and Tintner’s literary analysis with the autobiography of Henry James, in which the library emerges as a place partaking of several traditions: patriarchy, the process of initiation and maturation along with social and national self-fashioning.
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The Point of View (in Four Ways)

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EN
The article aims to analyse four important point of view novels, namely Henry James’ The Ambassadors, Zasypie wszystko, zawieje [Everything Will Be Covered by the Snow] by Włodzimierz Odojewski, The Flanders Road by Claude Simon, and Morfina [Morphine] by Szczepan Twardoch. The notion of point of view serves as a starting point for considering the epistemological aspects of the novel and for tracing its evolution. James, both in his theory and novelistic practice, uses the point of view to make the character’s consciousness the main theme of his novels. Odojewski employs internal monologue to render the characters’ perspective, while Simon combines internal monologue with other voices. Finally, Twardoch’s novel can be interpreted as a parody of the point of view technique.
EN
Among Henry James’s early book reviews, there is only one dealing with literature for the young. James’s opinion on Louisa May Alcott’s Eight Cousins is negative, yet the review deals rather with the didactic outcome of the novel and not with its literary aspects. James’s review is especially intriguing as it shows his attitude to matters which are definitely not the concern of his subsequent fiction – his approach to the upbringing of children.
PL
Pośród recenzji literackich, które Henry James pisał w młodości, tylko jedna dotyczy literatury dziecięcej. James ostro krytykuje powieść Louisy May Alcott Eight Cousins, lecz jego negatywna opinia skierowana jest raczej na dydaktyczne aspekty książki, a nie jej literacką wartość. Recenzja Jamesa jest tym bardziej intrygująca, że zajmuje się sprawą wychowania dzieci – czyli tematem, który w późniejszych dziełach tego autora się nie pojawi.
EN
This study is based on the assumption that literary interpretations are explicitly or implicitly influenced by some philosophical system as a general system of thought. In this way, different literary interpretations often hide more general philosophical ideas. Nevertheless, this study tries to show that the interpretation of the given work of art need not be conceived only as application of the general philosophical approach; interpretation of the work of art, as argued in this essay, can in significant ways also show the philosophical approach itself. The subject of this study is the case of Henry James’s short story “The Figure in the Carpet.” This essay includes an analysis of how Tzvetan Todorov, Joseph Hillis Miller, Wolfgang Iser and of Pascale Casanova interpret the story and how they use its dominant image of a “figure in the carpet” for illustration of their own theoretical and philosophical approach.
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Z punktu widzenia literatury

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EN
Based on the analysis of a fragment of Henry James’s novel The Bostonians,the article deals with the ways in which literary fiction explores and revealshow human consciousness works.
PL
Based on the analysis of a fragment of Henry James’s novel The Bostonians, the article deals with the ways in which literary fiction explores and reveals how human consciousness works.
EN
The paper examines numerous references to tradition of Antiquity in Henry James’ novella “The Beast in the Jungle” and draws attention to their binary nature. The binary pairs which most of the references seem to form are based on the simple opposition between reality and illusion. The story depicts the life of John Marcher, who believes himself to be destined to experience an event which will transform his life dramatically. The main protagonist is waiting for the arrival of the beast. The allusions to particular ancient texts, beliefs and architecture help to define the nature of John Marcher’s problem, by highlighting his tragic situation, the conflict within him, as well as the stagnation which characterizes his existence. The majority of the references can be joined into pairs within which one reference indicates how the protagonist falsely perceives himself while the opposing one suggests the real condition which he is not aware of. More-over, the references offer a greater understanding of the role of the second character of the novella, May Bartram, in Marcher’s life. The parallel between May and the mythical Ariadne, for instance, enables us to predict the fate of Miss Bartram in the story. The references in question are presented in the article, while their functions are thoroughly examined.
FR
Le présent article analyse les nombreuses références à la tradition de l’Antiquité dans la nouvelle « La Bête dans la jungle » d’Henry James et il tire l’attention du lecteur sur leur caractère binaire. Les paires binaires que la plupart des références semblent former sont basées sur la simple opposition entre la réalité et l’illusion. Le récit présente la vie de John Marcher, qui se croit destiné à vivre un événement qui transformera sa vie de manière dramatique. Le héros principal attend la venue de la bête. Les allusions à certains textes antiques, à certaines croyances et à certaine architecture aident à définir la nature du problème de John Marcher, en soulignant sa situation tragique, son conflit intérieur et la stagnation qui caractérise son existence. La majorité des références peuvent être mises en paires dans lesquelles une référence indique la façon dont le héros se perçoit à tort et l’autre suggère sa condition réelle dont il n’est pas conscient. De plus, les références permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle du second personnage dans la nouvelle, May Bartram, dans la vie de Marcher. La parallèle entre May et l’Ariane mythique, par exemple, nous permet de prédire le destin de Miss Bartram dans le récit. Les références en question sont présentées dans l’article et leurs fonctions sont examinées en détail.
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PL
The understanding of Jane Austen was for Joseph Conrad (probably) the condition of the understanding of the English soul as such. And, even if we roam around fascinating hypotheses, it is worth formulating them – mainly because they are a new key to the reading of the works of the author of Lord Jim. His problems with the literary heritage of Austen could be affected by different, numerous factors: 1) the growing popularity of Janeites; 2) the authority of, appreciating the author of Mansfield Park, Henry James; 3) the feeling of being lost of the Polish writer in the situation of the late novelist debut; 4) the literary tradition of the Ukrainian School in the Polish Romanticism, in which he was raised and he formed his personality. Conrad could make an attempt of dealing with, incomprehensible for himself, Austen in the 1910s, in the period of jubilees of the editions of her novels. In this spirit, it is worthy to read again such prose texts of Conrad, as: Zwycięstwo (1915) and Ocalenie (1920), but above all – the earliest from this group – Gra losu (1913).
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