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Kultura druku i jej wpływ na zmiany cywilizacyjne

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JUDA M.

Folia Bibliologica

2016

vol. 58

13-34

W artykule przedstawiono genezę technik drukarskich i ich zastosowanie w produkcji książki od najdawniejszych dokonań w tym zakresie w chinach aż po początki sztuki typograicznej w europie w połowie Xv w. Uwagę skierowano również na techniczne aspekty wynalazku Jana Gutenberga oraz komponenty sztuki drukarskiej, takie jak materiał typograiczny, farba i prasa drukarska. przedstawiono rozwój typograii w europie i na pozostałych kontynentach oraz jej wykorzystanie w powstaniu cenzury, odkrywaniu na nowo antyku, wykształceniu się warstwy zawodowych literatów, prawa autorskiego, rozwoju krytycznych badań naukowych, standaryzacji i unarodowieniu pisma drukowanego oraz pisowni i ortograii języków narodowych. Zwrócono też uwagę na ukształtowanie się właściwej dla typograii formy książki, na zmiany w sposobie lektury oraz na wpływ drukarstwa na zwiększenie moż- liwości komunikacyjnych tkwiących w piśmie i w słowie drukowanym.

The author presents the origins of printing techniques and their application to production of books dating from the earliest achievements in this ield in china until the beginning of typographic art in europe in the mid-iteenth century. Attention was focused on technical aspects of the Johannes Gutenberg’s invention and the art of printing components, such as typographic material, ink and printing press. he evolution of typography in europe and other continents was presented as well as its efects on the rise of censorship, rediscovery of antiquity, forming of the profession of qualiied writers, copyright law, development of critical research, standardization and nationalization of the print, spelling and orthography of national languages. Attention was also paid to the process of constituting the form of a book adequate for typography, to changes in the way of reading, and to impact of printing on the increase in communications capabilities inherent in written and printed word.

On the Contemporary Research Status of Book, Library and Information Sciences

100%

Migoń K.

Przegląd Biblioteczny

2012

vol. 80

issue 5 - The Special Issue

76-85

The facts and processes concerning the world of books, libraries and librarianship, as well as written information and communication, have gradually become the subject matter of academic discussion, gaining autonomy in distinct disciplines with the passing of time. The multitude and variability of these disciplines, their constant evolution as well as their character and problems, varying in different countries, make it difficult to present one consistent image of the research status quo. Ever progressing in different forms and intensity, the processes of integration, autonomization and specialization in the field of research on books, libraries and information have transformed and created new constructions, in terms of both theory and methodology as well as research practice. The situation is not helped by the confusion in the nomenclature of disciplines, specialities and research trends, magnified by semantic differences in multilingual literature and carelessness in the usage of concepts and terms. Contemporary research in book, library and information sciences is determined and characterized above all by the following phenomena: (1) The multitude and diversity of research problems prevent their location in one “all-embracing” discipline – be it bibliology, library science or information science. These sciences, then, have undergone autonomization, which at the same time does not rule out connections or cooperation; (2) Each of the disciplines, clearly shaped in this field in the last few decades, has a specifically independent status in the world of science owing to its own specific research subject matter, its characteristic concept apparatus and suitable research methods, unique character of relations with other sciences, as well as owing to cognitive and practical aims; (3) Bibliology, library and information problems are of interest to other sciences, especially humanities and social sciences. They constitute an important element of their research efforts and are of great importance to the theory and practice of book, library and information sciences. A special role is to be performed by (heterogeneous and “polymorphous”) sciences on culture, (social) communication and means of communication (“media science”); (4) In sciences dealing with books, libraries and information, there is a clear division between historical and contemporary problems. Strongly developed, historical bibliology studies the book as a creation and tool of human civilization, a product of material and spiritual culture and an instrument of social communication in the history of humankind; (5) The increase in the knowledge of facts in book, library and information sciences is not yet accompanied by appropriately developed theoretical and methodological afterthoughts, which could allow intensifying research and elevating the importance of the aforementioned sciences.

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Kultura druku i jej wpływ na zmiany cywilizacyjne

On the Contemporary Research Status of Book, Library and Information Sciences