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EN
Currently, Piotrków Trybunalski is one of many medium-sized towns on the map of Poland, yet at the end of the 19th century was the fifth largest in the Polish Kingdom, second only to Warsaw, Łódź, Lublin, and Częstochowa. The city was the seat of governorate authorities, the tax chamber, as well as the Warsaw-Vienna railway station. Until the outbreak of World War II, Poles, Germans, Russians, and Jews living next to each other gave the city its multicultural character. This paper attempts to characterize the economic activity of Jews and their role in trade and the process of industrialization of Piotrków. Selected examples of industrial buildings erected on the initiative of this mentioned group were also analysed.
EN
A manuscript of Pejsach Bergman of blessed memory, according to a copy receivedfrom his son, Bronisław BergmanThe text by Pesach Bergman (1898–1944) is an excerpt from his fictionalized memoirs about the life of the shtetl of Widawa from the late 19th century to the 1930s. Written in Yiddish, it was translated into Polish by Dr. Marcin Urynowicz with the assistance of Sara Arm. It constitutes an original and unique literary genre, which is closest to the meditation (Latin: soliloquia), combining elements of social criticism and sentimental recollections. Manuskrypt błogosławionej pamięci Pejsacha Bergmana, wedle kopii przekazanej przez syna, Bronisława BergmanaTekst Pesacha Bergmana (1898–1944) pochodzi z jego fabularyzowanych wspomnień, dotyczących życia sztetlu Widawa w okresie od końca XIX wieku do lat trzydziestych wieku XX. Został zapisany w języku żydowskim, z którego – z pomocą Sary Arm – przełożył go dr Marcin Urynowicz. Ustanawia oryginalny, właściwy tylko sobie gatunek literacki, najbliższy rozmyślaniom (łac. soliloquia), łączącym elementy krytyki społecznej i sentymentalnego wspomnienia.
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Dzieje rodziny Czackich na Wołyniu do XVIII wieku

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EN
The main seat of the Czacki family of the Świnka coat of arms was located in Greater Poland, in the Kościan district. The earliest noted owner of the Czacz village was, in 1352, Michał - a participant of the Greater Poland Confederacy (konfederacja wielkopolska). The most notable Czacki family members included Piotr, who became a German count of the and Andrzej - a high-ranking priest. Wojciech was the first Czacki to settle in Volyn at the beginning of the 17th century. The next recorded owners of the village were Bartłomiej and, subsequently, Aleksander. The Czacki line in Volyn begins with Wojciech Stanisław (1655-1699), Volyn ensign who took part in the battle of Chocim as a lieutenant, married to Katarzyna Zahorowska, daughter of Volyn castellan Stefan. Her dowry included the Poryck manor and the Poryck town became the Czacki family seat for several centuries. The sons of Wojciech Stanisław and Katarzyna were: royal rotmistrz (cavalry commander) Stefan Ignacy who died childless and Michał Hieronim (died 1745), Volyn castellan who married to Konstancja Wielohorska. The importance of the family increased thanks to their sons: Szczęsny (1723-1790), cupbearer of the Crown and Franciszek (1727-1787), guard of the Crown. Szczęsny was especially famous as a multiple memeber of the Sejm, interned by the Russian army for 7 years in in his manor in Poryck for his imnplaccably hostile attitude towards Russia. His older son Michał (died 1728) was a member of the Four-Year Sejm and the younger Tadeusz became famous inVolyn as the founder (in 1805) of the well-known Volhy- nian Gimnasium located in Krzemieniec.
EN
One of the most heroic and tragic history of Poland, the period when most of the Polish and Ukrainian lands belonged to the Russian empire is January Uprising (1863 - 1864 years). Consequently, some participants in the January Uprising 70 - 80 years of the nineteenth century. were in exile under police surveillance in the territory Ekaterinoslav province (modern name Ekaterinoslav - Dnipropetrovsk).
EN
Overview and description of the 6th edition of Scientific Conference “The Magnates of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 16th-18th century” in Ciechanowiec (2022.05.24-27).
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja i krytyczne omówienie poglłdów generała Carla von Clausewitza, na temat polskiej niepodległości oraz samych Polaków. W tym celu została wykorzystana dostępna literatura żródłowa w postaci jego głównej pracy, którą jest traktat O wojnie oraz szeregu nieznanych szerzej pism wojskowych, politycznych i historycznych. Wykorzystane zostały również wybrane fragmenty korespondencji oraz opinie uznanych autorów z literatury przedmiotu. Konkluzją jest stwierdzenie, że negatywna opinia Clausewitza na temat polskiej niepodległości wynika z konkretno-historycznej analizy podyktowanej wiernością autora pruskiej racji stanu.
EN
The aim of the article was to present and maintain critical dicussion of General Carl von Clausewitz’s views on Polish independence and Poles themselves. For this purpose, available source literature has been used in the form of his main work On War and a number of not well known military, political and historical writings. We also used are selected fragments of correspondence and opinions of recognized authors in the literature of the subject. The conclusion is that Clausewitz’s negative opinion on Polish independence stems from a concrete historical analysis dictated by the fidelity of the author of Prussian raison d’etat.
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