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EN
Refugees impose a variety of security, economic and environ- mental burdens on host countries, but also embody a significant flow of resources in the form of international humanitarian assistance, economic assets and human capital. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for African local communities arising from the double impact of refugee - generated resources and security problems. It argues that the potential benefit for the local peoples go beyond the burdens imposed by a mass influx. Refugee resources and security threats potentially provide long-term gains, and, by compelling the state to strengthen its grip on border areas, enable the state to „harden" its presence there. However, for host states to realize the potential of refugee resources and continue hosting refugees, they must be assisted by appropriate humanitarian programmers.
EN
The subject of the article is the level of interest that Polish students show for issues of humanitarian aid, organized in Poland for the current needs of Africa. The author decided to verify the conviction arising from her own observations that the degree of knowledge and commitment for this topic, among Polish students, is rather low. Therefore, she conducted a survey in three academic centres, among students representing four faculties in humanities (98 respondents). Unfortunately, the results confirmed her initial observations. In this group, knowledge about the scope and nature of Polish humanitarian aid for Africa was pour and shallow. In addition, the author drew attention to the low level of interest for this issue, presented by the respondents. However, the author believes that the undertaken study is worth continuing, for instance, with respect to reasons for this situation.
EN
The question if Sudan is a rich or poor country brings different answers. Misery has always been understood in different ways in various cultures. In Africa misery is not always in contrast to wealth. In the case of Southern Sudan case you can look for the reasons for misery in the long-standing civil war. This war lasted nearly continuously from gaining independence in 1956 to signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. The wartime caused devastation of the environment, the whole habitat and collapse of functioning of traditional social-economic forms of the local tribes. International community has promised to help Southern Sudan. Is Sudan - after five years since the peace agreement was signed getting richer? How are the non-governmental organizations working in this area? Are they helping? The situation of Southern Sudan after signing the peace agreement was very unstable. The balance of the long-standing war evokes dread even in estimation - about 2 million victims and over 4 million refugees. The humanitarian situation is one of the worst in the world, what is more, local fights are still taking place there. As a result of the peace agreement Southern Sudan is now an autonomic region with its own government, its dominant members are people from one tribe - Dinka, which just intensifies the conflicts between the tribes. International organizations which bring help in Southern Sudan work there on a few levels. It should create some logical entirety, however it causes problems in vindication of the donor's money. The most important players are donors - they divide funds among the United Nations Agencies and different types of non-governmental organizations. After the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union are the most visible activists in the South. The situation of Southern Sudan is an undeniable proof of the phenomenon of poverty spreading extensively. Economists claim that the main reason for the poverty is lack of capital. Southern Sudan is, however, one of the poorest regions in the world, even though millions of dollars of international aid flow there every year.
EN
The Catholic Church in Chad is a young community, including about 8% of the population. However from the beginning of missionary activity it has had a large input into help with development and defence of human rights. Help in development is concentrated on agriculture, since the majority of the population relies on agriculture. From 1964 missionaries have created many centres for professional training of farmers, mainly in the south of the country. A large role in the development of the countryside has been played by on the spot meetings, courses and training. One of the important elements of training has always been management and use of money. In every diocese in Chad there are diocesan health committees. The work of the church in this area includes running of hospitals, clinics and also training on a large scale (e.g. hygiene, building of latrines, access to drinking water, variation of diet, cleanliness in the home and immunisation programmes for children and adults). In some missionary centres efforts have been made to take advantage of achievements in traditional medicine. Emphasis has been also put on AIDS prevention and healing the sick. Beginning with local initiatives of help with development, covering various aspects of economic life, these have, with time, developed diocesan structures, countrywide and even linking into international organisations. Currently the work in Chad is overseen by the National Union of Diocesan Associations for Aid and Development (Union Nationale des Associations Diocesaines de Secours et de Developpement - UNAD). A particularly varied and rich activity is being lead by the Chad organisation for Catholic Aid and Development (SECADEV). It was created in 1980 in the diocese of Ndjamena to help refugees. The organisation employs 200 people and co-operates with 1000 village organisations. The Bishops in Chad often took part in issues relating to the war and lack of democracy and also tribalism and corruption. The views of the episcopate, expressed in pastoral letters, were also demonstrated in actual activities at national level and in individual regions or missions, mainly thanks to local and countrywide committees Iustitia et Pax. These committees also cooperated on issues associated with human rights with other local and international organisations.
EN
The European Union, together with the Member States of this organisation, is the largest donor of humanitarian aid in the world. The European Parliament is one of the EU’s key institutions and the only one of them to be directly elected. The aim of the peper is to examine Parliament’s position on humanitarian aid, from the adoption of the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid in 2007 to the end of June 2018. The research method is an analysis of the various forms of Parliament’s activity in the field under examination. One of the conclusions is to define Parliament’s dilemma of trying to reconcile the principles of humanitarian aid with the particular interests of EU Member States.
PL
Unia Europejska wraz z państwami członkowskim tej organizacji jest największym dawcą pomocy humanitarnej na świecie. Parlament Europejski jest jedną z kluczowych instytucji UE i jedyną spośród nich, wyłanianą w wyniku wyborów bezpośrednich. Celem tekstu jest zbadanie stanowiska Parlamentu wobec pomocy humanitarnej, począwszy od przyjęcia Konsensusu europejskiego w sprawie pomocy humanitarnej w 2007 r. do końca czerwca 2018 r. Metodą badawczą jest analiza różnych form działalności Parlamentu w badanym zakresie. Jedną z konkluzji jest zdefiniowanie dylematu Parlamentu, polegającego na próbie pogodzenia zasad pomocy humanitarnej i partykularnych interesów państw członkowskich UE.
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