Search results

1

Translation of Irony in the Hungarian Subtitles ofDownton Abbey

100%

Ajtony Z.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

197-210

EN

This paper proposes to analyse ironic utterances in the British TV series Downton Abbey (Season One) by comparing the English source text (ST) irony found in the script of the film to its subtitled variant of the Hungarian target text (TT). First the literature of the domain is surveyed in order to draw attention to the difficulty of rendering irony in audiovisual subtitles which emphasises that, as a multidisciplinary area, it involves not only audio and visual, but also verbal and non-verbal factors. This section is followed by a brief survey of irony theories highlighting the incongruence factor of irony, which also needs to be rendered in the TT After offering an outline of the story, several examples of ironic utterances are discussed, applying the dynamic equivalence method.

2

Similarities and differences between two Hungarian particles for also: szintén and is

100%

Farkas J., Futó B., Huszics A., Kleiber J., Dóla M., Alberti G.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2020

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vol. 6

74-91

EN

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of two Hungarian particles with the same logical core meaning also: is and szintén. The analysis yields important theoretical implications since it demonstrates how two particles sharing the same logical-propositional/truth-functional core meaning can expand into two different markers. In discourse, is acts as an intensional/metacognitive pragmatic marker in the sense as proposed by Aijmer et al. (2006), while szintén functions as a coherence-signaling discourse marker. The two particles share certain syntactic-semantic properties: neither of them can be followed by a topic, they both have distributive meaning, and both of them can pertain to the noun phrase that they immediately follow, as well as to ordered n-tuples of noun phrases. However, there are also syntactic and pragmasemantic differences between them. Namely, their ordered n-tuples have different word orders; is can function as a pragmatic marker while szintén cannot; szintén can appear as a separate clause, while is cannot (this is presumably related to the fact that szintén can be stressed, while is is obligatorily unstressed); and finally, szintén can have a peculiar discourse-preserving function. We explain the syntactic differences between the two particles using the partial spell-out technique of minimalist generative syntacticians (first applied to Hungarian by Surányi 2009), and the Cinque-hierarchy-based approach to Hungarian sentence- and predicate-adverbials (Surányi 2008). We account for the pragmasemantic properties of the pragmatic-marker variant of is in the formal representational dynamic theory of interpretation called ReALIS, already presented in the LingBaW series (Alberti et al. 2016, Kleiber and Alberti 2017, Viszket et al. 2019).

3

Pre-D non-possessor positions in Hungarian

100%

Farkas J., Karácsonyi K.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2018

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vol. 4

38-50

EN

The paper investigates pre-D non-possessor positions in Hungarian. In Hungarian, non-deverbal nominal constructions containing pre-D non-possessor positions are acceptable only if they contain a demonstrative pronoun and also an adjective, and the appearance of a pre-D possessor does not impact the acceptability of the sentence. The paper also gives a brief discussion of similar constructions with pre-D non-possessors in German, mainly to shed light on the Hungarian data. Although German also allows for pre-D non-possessors, it does so under different conditions. A short topicalized element can readily appear in German sentences as a non-possessor dependent, but in this language a possessor can never appear in the same noun phrase. The paper also discusses deverbal nominal constructions with pre-D non-possessor dependents in Hungarian. In these constructions the presence of a possessor argument is indispensable. This is due to the fact that the placement of the non-possessor argument in a position preceding the possessor is legitimized by the fact that the former takes scope over the latter within the internal information structure of the matrix noun phrase. The paper also deals with the syntactic structure of said deverbal nominals.

4

Księgozbiór Biblioteki Zakładu Filologii Węgierskiej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

100%

Lembas A.

Biblioteka i Edukacja

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2012

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issue 2

PL

Artykuł dotyczy biblioteki Zakładu (poprzednio: Katedry Filologii Węgierskiej UJ) Filologii Węgierskiej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, jej historii i specjalistycznego księgozbioru. Wspomniano w nim o wielu unikatowych słownikach, encyklopediach i opracowaniach literaturoznawczych czy też językoznawczych, pochodzących głównie z darów. Podkreślono znaczenie elektronicznego katalogu, współtworzonego z centralnym katalogiem NUKAT, dzięki któremu informacja o zbiorach biblioteki szybciej i sprawniej dociera do czytelników. Nadmieniono publikacje pracowników macierzystej jednostki, jak również niezbędne źródła potrzebne do nauczania zarówno języka węgierskiego jak i estońskiego.

EN

The article concerns the library of the Hungarian Philology Section (previously the Chair in Hungarian Studies) at the Jagiellonian University, its history and its specialized collection. Some unique dictionaries, encyclopedias, and literary and linguistic works obtained as gifts are mentioned. Importance of the online catalogue, created in cooperation with the central catalogue NUKAT, is emphasized, as owing to this catalogue the information about the library’s collection is made accessible to readers faster and more efficiently. Publications of research workers of the Section and the essential sources used in teaching both Hungarian and Estonian are also mentioned.

5

Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: II. The Ø-/nak-/nek-Genitive

100%

Bielecki R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2011

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vol. 53

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issue 1

25-40

EN

The present paper should be regarded as a direct continuation of the article Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System? I. The é-Genitive. The core of the adopted approach represents the standpoint that present-day Hungarian cannot be conceived as a language exempt from any case syncretism. The possibility of distinguishing different case categories relevant for this language by referring only to the form of their markers (endings) is illusory. What is more, it creates a space where some phenomena remain imperceptible. The postulated attributive genitive category can be distinguished not only on the basis of its syntactic properties. The manifestations of this case also differ substantially from the manifestations of other recognized cases. It is difficult to regard the attributive genitive in Hungarian as syncretic with nominative or dative in the sense known in general linguistics, because the appropriate markers turn out to be insufficient in semifying (marking grammatically) the required meaning. They must be complemented by other markers attached to the head of the attributive syntagm (a diák/Ø könyv/e, a diák/nak a könyv/e ‘the student's book’). The properties of the distribution of the Hungarian attributive genitive with its two main manifestations (the endingless one: a diák könyve, and with ending: a diáknak a könyve) can be regarded as a contribution to the general theory of syntax; the genitive attributes of different grades are marked there substantially (a diák/Ø (III) könyv/e (II) cím/é/nek (I) a fordítás/a ‘the translation of the title (I) of the book (II) of the student (III)’) and not only by their linear order as in many Indo-European and Finno-Ugric languages. When the word fulfilling the attributive function belongs to the category of personal pronoun, concord can be identified between it and its head in person and number (az én könyv/em ‘my book, the book of mine’). The factual elision of personal pronouns resulting from their redundancy in this context gives no grounds to state that morphemes like -em in a könyv/em do not fulfil any syntagmatic function. Such an utterance constitutes a discrepancy with the analogous behaviour of personal pronouns in relation to finite verbal forms (olvas/ok ‘I read’ → olvas/ok ‘(I) read’) where no-one speaks of the irrelevancy of the personal endings in reference to their syntagmatic function. The necessity of distinguishing of socalled "marks" (here "possessor marks") is being questioned here; those morphemes are not deprived of fulfilling the syntagmatic function ascribed traditionally to the case endings in the case of nominal flexion. They are regarded here as parts of the discontinuative (genitive) case markers. The specific features of the Hungarian genitive include its sharp division into two subcategories: (i) the é-genitive and (ii) the Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive. Their complementary distribution, together with other discussed properties, additionally corroborates the relevance of distinguishing for them a common upper morphosyntactic category called the genitive case. And finally, Hungarian turns out to be a language where the accumulation of multiple case meanings, all being manifested substantially within the boundaries of one word, can be attested (a diák/om/é/é/t ‘the one of the one of my student’).

6

Ungarisch Zwischen Intensivem Kontakt Und Puristischer Gegenwehr

100%

Hetzer A.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

111-125

EN

Hungarians have lived in close contact with High German speaking people since over one thousand years. However, linguistic impact from Hungarian to literary German is rather pure; there is but a couple of lexical exotisms, e.g. Puszta, Palatschinken (a kind of pancakes). On the other hand, the Hungarian language underwent numerous phases of German influence, mostly lexical borrowings. At the beginning, during the middle ages, words like polgár ‘citizen’ (High German Bürger) or pór ‘peasant’ (Upper German Paur) enriched the Hungarian lexicon, but later on, after the Ottoman conquest of Central Hungary, borrowings from German turned out to endanger the Hungarian national identity. As a result, from the end of the 18th century on, language reformers strove to return to their roots either by substituting German lexical items by “native” words (e.g. paraszt instead of pór, but the native stock is often of Slavic origin, in this case *prost). Or totally new words were shaped for new concepts (e.g. gép ‘machine, engine’, which in fact is a truncated root from German Göpel ‘whim’). However, in spite of all efforts to eliminate Germanisms, the bulk of neologisms was shaped as calques after Western (German, Latin, French) patterns, e.g. vas-út ‘railway’ (Eisenbahn), munka-adó ‘employer’ (Arbeitgeber), teher-gép-kocsi ‘lorry, truck’ (Lastkraftwagen), idegen-forgalom ‘tourism’ (Fremdenverkehr) autó-pálya ‘highway’ (Autobahn), vendég-munkás ‘foreign worker’ (Gastarbeiter). Thus, the inner form of Hungarian words corresponds more or less to their German counterparts, which is facilitated by similar or identical devices of word formation. On the other hand, in conversational Hungarian as well as in slang there remains a lot of Germanisms, slightly adapted by native suffixes, e.g. gurt-ni ‘safety belt’ (Gurt), and even verbs like ejnstejg-olni ‘to enter, to board’ (einsteigen). The article aims at finding out traces of German impact in Hungarian. In view of strong structural contrasts between Germanic and Finno-Ugrian languages, mostly the lexicon is scrutinized.

7

Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: I. Theé-Genitive

100%

Bielecki R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2010

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vol. 52

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issue 2

7-25

EN

After three centuries of discussion concerning the genitive case in Hungarian, the authors of the latest academic grammars - in contrast to many of their predecessors - no longer distinguish this casal category. Different cases in Hungarian should, according to them, be distinguished only on the basis of their forms (endings). Such an extreme unilateral approach to this category seems to have simplified at first sight the description of the Hungarian language, erasing from it any case syncretism. From the point of the view defended in the present paper, however, talking about linguistic entities without taking into account their meaning is illusory; even in the case of meaningless speech segments such as phonemes it is the meaning of the segments in which they occur that constitutes the ultimate instance allowing them to be distinguished at all. The same applies to case. The moderate approach to the category of case adopted here, taking simultaneously into account its (i) morphological, (ii) semantic and (iii) syntactic properties, leads irrevocably to the restoration of the genitive in the description of the Hungarian language. As a specific feature of this language one should consider the sharp distinction between two subclasses of the genitive case: (i) the non-attributive (é-genitive) and (ii) the attributive genitive (Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive). Only the first of these (the é-genitive) will be discussed in detail. The second (the Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive) will be the subject of a continuation of the present paper. Recognition of the é-genitive seems to have been blocked by those of its properties which seem to be quite incongruous with those of other Hungarian cases. It is claimed, for example, that the marker -é - unlike the markers of other cases - seems not to express any syntagmatic function. This function is expressed by the case marker attached after the morpheme -é (A diákét (láttam) '(I saw) The student's one'). In the view of the author, however, the lack of syntagmatic function in the case of the morpheme -é is not so obvious. On the other hand, such "discrediting" properties for a case marker candidate, as the property of not occupying the final morphotactical position (diákét), can be viewed as entirely irrelevant for the category of case. The adopted approach seems to make possible a description of this fragment of the Hungarian case system from a more homogenous perspective, showing the interplay of different casal meanings within the boundaries of one word.

8

Mniejszość węgierska w Rumunii w okresie transformacji polityczno-ustrojowej po 1989 roku

88%

Stawowy-Kawka I.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2017

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vol. 7

29-47

EN

After 1989, the Hungarian minority in Romania could receive basic rights, the execution of which — without mayor conflict — is followed by the subsequent governments. This was the result of an over two decades long process. In the first period, between 1989 and 1996, Romanian nationalism did not allow for substantial changes in the approach to the Hungarian minority. Only after the Hungarian-Romanian Treaty on Understanding, Cooperation, and Good Neighbourship, the two countries started their cooperation, which gradually reduced the tension on the international level and allowed for the creation of a legal system guaranteeing basic right of the Hungarian minority in Romania. Surely, the actions and skilfully created programme of the largest Hungarian political party in Romania, the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR, Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ), a regional party, that was able to secure a place on the political scene as a co-ruling party or lend its support to the government in order to achieve its goals through participation in politics on the central level, contributed to the creation of a well-functioning legal system in 1996–2011. The UDMR tries to use its participation in the elections to the European Parliament, in which it has two representatives, to implement its own policy, i.e. the elaboration appropriate programs of regional cooperation in the name of the idea of a "Europe of the regions”. Accession to the EU, adopting the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages served as a basis for adopting a range of acts sought by the UDMR. In 2001, Victor Orbán’s government established the Hungarian’s Card, which led to ethnic tensions. Its amendment normalised the tense situation between Budapest and Bucharest. Currently, the aspiration to obtain political and territorial autonomy for Hungarians in Transylvania, which is contrary to the provision of the constitution of Romania — is increasing and causing conflicts, which antagonises the Romanians, who are afraid that such demands may result in losing a part of Transylvania, towards the Hungarian minority. Nationalist Hungarian parties in Parliament support these demands. The government does not reject them either. UDMR, officially emphasising the development of infrastructure in Transylvania and the education of the Hungarian minority, aims at decentralisation of power a self-governance in order to take over some competences of the central authorities.

9

The Linguistic Image Of Man In The Hungarian And Romanian Languages

88%

Magyari S.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

137-148

EN

By analyzing the key words we reconstruct the conceptions created by the two speech communities in their languages in order to understand their interpretation of reality. The analysis of the collocations and expressions identifies common basic principles reflecting the relationship between language and thought. The analysis is based on the theory of linguistic relativity and uses methods recommended by Bańczerovski Janusz, Lera Boroditsky and Anna Wierzbicka in order to investigate connections between language and culture, language and thought. By adapting the recommended evaluation methods an evaluation model was created, able to reconstruct the Hungarian and Romanian linguistic image of man.

10

The Role of Gender in Verbal Disagreement: A Study of Disagreement Strategies Employed by Hungarian Undergraduate Students

88%

Koczogh H. V.

Gender Studies

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2012

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vol. 11

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issue 1

233-244

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the results of a study on the interplay of gender and disagreement strategies employed by Hungarian undergraduate students. The data for analysis is a corpus of oral face-to-face dyadic interactions; the methodology makes use of both qualitative and quantitative tools and involves identifying disagreement strategies on the basis of previous research as well as patterns emerging from the corpus. The results of the study contradict previous claims that in comparison to men, women disagree less frequently and, when they do disagree, they employ less direct strategies

11

Focus-feature and wh-feature in the light of pied piping behavior in Hungarian

88%

Keresztes J.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2020

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vol. 6

92-110

EN

This paper presents the findings of two experiments on pied-piping by a prenominal adjunct in Hungarian focus- and wh-constructions. According to Webelhuth (1992) and Cable (2010), pied-piping from adjunct islands is prohibited. The results of the experiments, however, suggest that not only is it possible in Hungarian for the pied-piper to be embedded inside an adjunct island but the embedding of the pied-piper and the movement itself are unrestricted in focus-construction. Pied-piping shows a similar picture in wh-constructions with the restriction that the wh-element has to be discourse-linked for pied-piping to be allowed.

12

The country of origin principle and competition among national regulatory régimes in East Central Europe

88%

Polyák G., Szőke G. L.

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2009

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vol. 2

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issue 1(2)

83-97

EN

The cornerstone of European media regulation is the principle of the “country of origin”, which makes it possible for broadcasters to establish themselves in any EEA Member State and to broadcast their programmes in another one (CEC, 2006). The less competitive is this regulatory framework when compared with other countries, the greater is the possibility that broadcasters will set up their operation in another state. Firstly, we shall describe the European legal framework relating to the country of origin principle, including the ECJ’s case law. We also propose to show the potential difficulties of interpretation of the new regulation of the AMS Directive concerning this principle. We will also examine how the country of origin principle affects the media régimes of the East Central European region. We shall compare the Hungarian system with the regulations of Czech Re- public and Romania, and we shall show those factors which influence the broadcaster’s willingness and motivation to choose a country from which to operate.

13

The Perceived Role of L2 English in the Process of Learning L3 German

75%

Balla Á. T.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2013

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vol. 10

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issue 1

62-76

EN

The central aim of my research is to investigate the third language learning processes of L1 Hungarian high-school learners learning L2 English and L3 German. More specifically, I aim at revealing to what extent Hungarian learners rely on their knowledge of their L1 and L2 as well as on the learning strategies they have developed while learning their L2.

14

Vlaamse literatuur in vertaling in Centraal-Europa tot WO I

75%

Engelbrecht W.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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vol. 25

243 - 262

EN

In this paper a concise overview of the reception of Dutch literature in Hungarian, Polish, Slovak and Czech until the end of World War I is given. The first translations are from 1805 (Polish), and 1846 (Czech) respectively. At present, some 175 translations from this period have been found, most of them in Czech and the fewest in Slovak. From publications of literary history the idea arises that especially Flemish literature has been received in Central Europe for political reasons. The researchers point towards the Belgian Revolution of 1830 which was, in contrast to most other revolts from this period, successful. Moreover, the Flemish struggle for the use of Dutch language in Flanders showed similarities with similar issues in Central Europe. A closer look reveals, however, that these ideas have to be modified. The results of the study are sometimes surprising.

15

«Nez arraché, yeux brûlés»: expressions olfactives imagées en français et en hongrois

63%

Fekete G.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia

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2014

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vol. 32

EN

Senses are the organs of perception which allow our body to contribute to the understanding of the external world. Many anthropologists and philosophers have already suggested that there are hierarchies between the senses in many different cultures. For example, the importance of the olfactory sense is often neglected in western societies. This issue can be confirmed by the lack of lexiconand linguistic forms related to the verbal representation of the olfaction. This study aims to detect the potential existence of productive syntactic and semantic patterns within the idiomatic olfactory expressions used in French and Hungarian. Our results indicate thatthere are syntactic and semantic patterns in the two languages under study. The semantic patterns entirely coincide, and the syntactic combinations, although the structure of both languages does notresemble each other, can be considered as equivalents.

FR

No abstracts

PL

Zmysły są narządami percepcji, które pozwalają ciału rozumieć świat zewnętrzny. Wielu antropologów i filozofów twierdziło, że istnieją hierarchie zmysłów w zależności od kultury. Dla przykładu,zmysł węchu jest zaniedbany w zachodnich społeczeństwach. Jest to potwierdzone brakiem słownictwa i innych form językowych odnoszących się do węchu.Niniejsze studium próbuje wykryć potencjalne wzory syntaktyczne i semantyczne w idiomach języka francuskiego oraz węgierskiego dotyczących węchu. Schematy takie istnieją, choć struktury języków nie są do siebie podobne.

16

The Activities of the Committee for the Preservation of Military Traditions from Turda (THHB)

51%

Cech V., Józsa I. L., Kékkői K.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

83-98

EN

The Institute of Military History of the Hungarian Ministry of Defence decided in 2000 to try to find the marked or unmarked graves of Hungarian soldiers killed in World War II. Joining this initiative, Jozsef Patakv founded the Committee for the Preservation of Military Traditions from Turda (THHB). Among other things, the aim of establishing the Committee was to discover the identity of the Hungarian soldiers that died in action in the fall of 1944 in Torda (in Romanian: Turda: in the followings, we will use the traditionally Hungarian name of the town: Torda) and its surroundings, find the location where they were buried, and erect a worthy monument to their memory. A Hungarian Soldier Graveyard was created within the Central Hungarian Cemetery of Torda, which has since become a place of pilgrimage. In addition, more then fifty sites of Hungarian soldiers’ graves were discovered and in most of the cases properly marked since that time. In 2012, Jozsef Patakv was awarded the Hungarian Gold Cross by the Ministry of Defence for his untiring work to discover the places of burial and identify Hungarian soldiers that died in WWII, and for worthily keeping their memories alive.

17

A typology of contact phenomena in medieval personal names (A historical onomastic survey based on medieval documents from Hungary):

51%

Slíz M.

Acta onomastica

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2020

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vol. 61

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issue 2

361-374

EN

Medieval Hungary was a multicultural country: beside the Hungarian majority it also had Turkic, German, Slavic, Walloon, Italian, etc. inhabitants. Although the majority of medieval documents were written in Latin, there are a number of charters written in other languages, such as German. This cultural and linguistic diversity provides an opportunity to investigate contact phenomena among different languages based on personal name phrases. The paper outlines the methodological adaptability and the limits of using given names, bynames or family names and name phrases in the investigation of contact phenomena. It introduces language and discourse contact phenomena on the level of spelling and orthography and the morphology and syntax of name phrases, based upon examples from charters written in Latin and German.

CS

Maďarsko bylo ve středověku multikulturní zemí: vedle maďarské většiny zde žili také obyvatelé turkického, germánského, slovanského, valonského, italského aj. původu. Ačkoli většina středověkých dokumentů byla psána latinsky, dochovalo se i mnoho listin v dalších jazycích, např. v němčině. Tato kulturní a jazyková diverzita poskytuje příležitost prozkoumat projevy jazykového kontaktu mezi různými jazyky na základě osobních jmen dochovaných v tomto materiálu. Článek se zabývá metodologickými možnostmi a omezeným využitím rodných jmen, příjmí nebo příjmení a jmenných spojení ve výzkumu kontaktních jevů. Představuje (pro)jevy jazykového kontaktu v jazyce a diskurzu na úrovni ortografie, morfologie a syntaxe jmenných spojení a vychází při tom z příkladů zapsaných v listinách latinsky nebo německy.

18

Thematic category of nutrition, cuisine, and hospitality in Hungarian proverbial lore

51%

Zimonyi-Kalinyina I.

Językoznawstwo

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2020

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vol. 14

129-140

PL

Celem artykułu jest dobór węgierskich przysłów grupy tematycznej gastronomii i gościnności zarówno w sensie dosłownym, jak i przenośnym. W charakterze źródła wykorzystano ostatnie i wcześniejsze wydania słowników paremii. Przysłowia wybierano zarówno według słów kluczowych, jak i innych ich komponentów. Znaleziono znaczną liczbę przysłów odnoszących się do danej grupy tematycznej. Za pomocą analizy porównawczej i opisowej cały zebrany materiał został podzielony na cztery podgrupy. Specjalny filtr semantyczny był zastosowany do identyfikacji w przysłowiach składnika specyficznych węgierskich realiów, tak zwanych hungarikumów. Dobór węgierskich przysłów danej grupy tematycznej był także wykorzystany do rozpatrzenia teorii wspólnego środkowoeuropejskiego obszaru językowego.

EN

This study discusses Hungarian proverbs dealing with gastronomy and hospitality both in a direct and figurative way. Using recent and earlier editions of dictionaries of proverbs, relevant proverbs were found by searching for keywords. A substantial number of proverbs were identified as belonging to the gastronomy and hospitality thematic group. Through a comparative and descriptive approach, all the selected proverbial material was divided into subgroups. A special semantic filter was applied to distinguish the proverbs containing so-called Hungarikum realia. The identification of Hungarian proverbs in the thematic group contributes to discussions on the theory of the common Central-European linguistic area.

19

Tabous linguistiques de la vie politique hongroise

51%

Szabó D.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

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2017

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issue 12

161-170

EN

In this paper I will analyse taboo words that are characteristic of contemporary Hungarian politics on the basis of personal observations and data gathered via internet and in a newspaper supporting the ruling party and its emblematic figure, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. I will present words that are merely pejorative (e.g. liberális ‘liberal’) but may become taboo words in certain circumstances, while others (e.g. alaptörvény ‘fundamental law’ used instead of alkotmány ‘constitution’) appear to have all the major characteristics of taboo words. It is by no means surprising to find that political taboo words are not the same in the two camps, the one supporting Orbán’s government and its opposition.

FR

Le lancement de termes nouveaux ou peu connus ou la réinterprétation de termes courants fait souvent partie de la stratégie des partis politiques : cela leur permet de marquer leur territoire et les esprits de leurs fidèles en créant des mots d’ordre ou en nommant et désignant des ennemis. Ce phénomène s’accompagne régulièrement d’un processus de tabouisation, les mots clés d’un camp étant bien souvent les tabous linguistiques du camp politique opposé. Dans ce travail, nous proposerons une analyse qualitative de tabous linguistiques relevant de la sphère politique, caractéristiques de la Hongrie des années 2010, dominée par la politique du premier ministre Viktor Orbán.

20

Interference v genderové konceptualizaci neživých referentů u maďarských bilingvistů

38%

Červenková M.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2020

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vol. 11

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issue 1

32-53

EN

This study deals with possible interferences in gender conceptualization of inanimate objects in the language use of bilingual speakers of Hungarian and Slovakian. The research was focused on the grammatical category of gender (present in one of the examined languages — in Slovakian — and absent in the second one — in Hungarian). The aim of the executed experiment, in which two groups of speakers participated (the test group of bilingual speakers of Hungarian and Slovakian and the control group of monolingual speakers of Hungarian), was to find out if the presence of grammatical gender in one of the two languages of the bilingual group of speakers will have any impact on their conceptualization of gender of inanimate objects. A secondary aim of the research was to ascertain if there are concordances in the answers of the participants. In the performed experiment, three different research methods were used. Participants took part in the experiment by filling an online questionnaire consisting of a part examining their language competence and language history and of a test part. The results of the experiment did not confirm the original assumption, which anticipated that the presence of grammatical gender in one of the languages of the bilingual group would have an effect on their gender conceptualization of inanimate objects. However, there were concordances in the answers of the participants (independently of language group or questionnaire type) considering individual inanimate objects.

CS

Článek se věnuje možným interferencím v genderové konceptualizaci neživých objektů u bilingvních mluvčích maďarštiny a slovenštiny. Provedený výzkum se soustředil na gramatickou kategorii rodu (která je v jednom ze zkoumaných jazyků, tedy ve slovenštině, přítomná, a ve druhém zkoumaném jazyce, tedy v maďarštině, nikoli). Cílem provedeného experimentu, jehož se zúčastnily dvě skupiny mluvčích (konkrétně testovací skupina bilingvních mluvčích maďarštiny a slovenštiny a kontrolní skupina monolingvních maďarských mluvčích), bylo ověřit, zda přítomnost gramatického rodu v jednom ze dvou jazyků bilingvní skupiny mluvčích ovlivní jejich konceptualizaci rodu neživých objektů. Dalším z cílů výzkumu bylo zjistit, zda se probandi ve svých odpovědích shodnou. V provedeném experimentu byly použity tři různé výzkumné metody. Probandi se experimentu zúčastnili vyplněním online dotazníku, sestávajícího z části zkoumající jejich jazykové kompetence a jazykovou historii a z části testovací. Výsledky experimentu nepotvrdily původní předpoklad, tedy vliv přítomnosti gramatického rodu v jednom z jazyků bilingvistů na jejich genderovou konceptualizaci neživých objektů. V odpovědích respondentů se však (nezávisle na jazykové skupině či druhu výzkumné metody) u jednotlivých neživých objektů ukázaly určité signifikantní shody.

HU

Ez a tanulmány magyar és szlovák kétnyelvű beszélők élettelen tárgyakkal kapcsolatos genderfelfogásának lehetséges interferenciájával foglalkozik. Az elkészített felmérés témája a nyelvtani nem kategóriájára fókuszált (ez a nyelvtani kategória az egyik vizsgált nyelvben — a szlovákban — jelen van, a másik vizsgált nyelvben — a magyarban — azonban nincs). A végzett vizsgálatnak — amelyben két csoport vett részt, az egyik a magyar és szlovák kétnyelvű beszélők tesztcsoportja, a másik az egynyelvű magyar beszélők kontrolcsoportja —, azt volt a célja, hogy hitelesítse, vajon a kétnyelvű beszélők csoportjában az egyik nyelvben jelenlévő nyelvtani nem befolyásolja-e a gender felfogását a beszélőknél az élettelen tárgyakkal kapcsolatban. A kutatás másik célja az volt, hogy megállapítsa, vajon a résztvevők válaszai egyeznek-e. A végzett kutatásban három kutatási módszert alkalmaztam. A résztvevők online kérdőív kitöltésével vettek részt a kísérletben, amelynek két része volt — az első a résztvevő nyelvi kompetenciáját és nyelvének történetét vizsgálta, a második teszt volt. A kutatási eredmények nem igazolták azt az eredeti feltevést, mely szerint kétnyelvű beszélők esetén az egyik nyelvében jelenlévő nyelvtani nem befolyásolja a beszélő genderfelfogását az élettelen tárgyakkal kapcsolatban. A résztvevők válaszaiban azonban (a különféle csoportokon belül és a csoportok között is) jelentős egyezések mutatkoztak az egyes tárgyakkal kapcsolatban.

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