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1

Bipedes bestiaeobraz Hunów w oczach autorów rzymskich IV i V w. n.e.

100%

Wilczyński M.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2003

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vol. 2

27-44

PL

The author traces the changes in the depiction of the Huns in Roman literaturę sińce the Romans’ first encounter with those “two-legged beasts” until the break of the 5th and 6th centuries. Sample descriptions of the Huns are ąuoted both from historie sources (Ammianus Marcellinus, Priskos or Jordanes) and from late-Roman poetry (Claudius Claudianus, Merobaudes, Sidonius Appolinaris). There are subseąuently presented descriptions of appearance, fighting methods, conditions of living, social organisation and beliefs of the Huns. In depictions of the Huns by Roman authors in the 4-6th centuries some information can be found that is a reflection of the topoi rooted in the classical literaturę and related to the nomadic barbarians, which appeared already in Herodotus, Pompeius Trogus and others. On the other hand, some information can be found that differs among particular authors in correspondence with better familiarisation with the Huns and the changes taking place in the tribe. A dirty, primitive half-animal from Ammian Marcellinus, in less than a century was transformed into a representative of an influential barbarian people who is acąuainted with permanent settlement and achievements of the antiąuity (Attila’s and his officials’ dwellings depicted by Priskos or a famous Onegesios’s “balineion”). Analysing literary tropoi is an interesting research task, however analysing the second aspect, namely the gradual process of mutual acąuaintance ofthe Romans and the Huns and their perception of customs is not just interesting but also veryfruitful for developing knowledge about “states” of nomadic tribes at the break of ancient andmedieval Europę.

2

Kilka uwag na temat kariery magistra militum Flawiusza Plinty i jego wpływów na dworze Teodozjusza II

63%

Pigoński Ł.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 2

23-30

EN

The subject of my study is an attempt to reconstruct the career and military activities of Magister Militum Flavius Plinta, described in the Sozemon’s Church History writings. The writings are considered to be on of the sparce sources of information about this politician and commander of the Greek origin, living in the 5th C.E. The source indicates that Flavius Plinta was an influential person on the Byzantine court. Essential to his influential position were the relations with the Goths, whom the Empire settled in Thracia to control the Huns problem. Moreover, F. Plinta was the first of the powerful Magistri Militum in the Eastern Roman Empire, who used their status in the military system to gain political influence.

PL

Przedmiotem rozważań jest próba rekonstrukcji kariery i działalności militarnej magistra militum Flawiusza Plinty opisywana w Historii Kościelnej Sozomena. Źródło to uznawane jest za jedno z nielicznych, przekazujących informacje o tym polityku i dowódcy pochodzenia gockiego, żyjącym w V wieku ne. Jak wynika z tego przekazu, Flawiusz Plinta był wpływową osobą na dworze konstantynopolitańskim. Kluczowe dla jego jego pozycji były relacje z plemieniem Gotów, które cesarstwo osadziło w Tracji, aby kontrolować problem Hunów. Ponadto F. Plinta był pierwszym z potężnych magistrów militum w cesarstwie wschodniorzymskim, którzy wykorzystywali swój status w systemie militarnym do osiągania znacznych wpływów politycznych.

3

Polityka zachodnia cesarza Marcjana (450-457). Problem huński i jego wpływ na relacje między Cesarstwem Wschodnim a Zachodnim

63%

Pigoński Ł.

Vox Patrum

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2016

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vol. 66

383-409

EN

The reign of Emperor Marcian came at the turning point in the history of the Late Roman Empire. The Empire struggled against the Hun and Vandal menace and an internal political crisis. The Western policy of Theodosius II, who attempted to keep a close relationship between both parts of the Empire, turned out to be a failure, and led to numerous defeats against barbarians. After his death, the military faction, opposed to his policies, chose its own candidate, Marcian, a former officer in service of a powerful general Aspar. The Emperor conceived a new line of Western policy, especially opposing the demands of Attila, the king of Huns. Marcian was reluctant to get involved in the matters of the Western Roman Empire, however, in 452 he sent an auxiliary force to Valentinian III, as a part of an agreement with Aetius, who convinced the Emperor to abandon his claim to the Eastern throne. Marcian also saw the opportunity to weaken Attila, and attacked the dwellings of his warriors beyond the Danube. After the death of Aetius, the Emperor did not support the Western Roman Empire, even when Rome was threatened and eventually sacked by Vandals. The cautious and pragmatic policy of Marcian helped the Byzantium to regain its power, and it led to neutralization of the Hun menace. The Emperor however did not make an attempt to save the Western Roman Empire from its internal political struggle and the Vandal attacks.

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1 Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

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1 2003

Bipedes bestiaeobraz Hunów w oczach autorów rzymskich IV i V w. n.e.

Kilka uwag na temat kariery magistra militum Flawiusza Plinty i jego wpływów na dworze Teodozjusza II

Polityka zachodnia cesarza Marcjana (450-457). Problem huński i jego wpływ na relacje między Cesarstwem Wschodnim a Zachodnim