Search results

1

Nedoceněný objev neznámého Husova listu

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Šmahel F.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2014

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vol. 44

403-410

EN

A letter of Jan Hus to Hungarian prelates, unknown before and recorded in the manuscript 1994 held by the Regensburger Bischöfl iche Zentralbibliothek (Holding Alte Kapelle) was found and presented by Stanislav Petr. The authenticity of the letter was disputed by Božena Kopičková and Anežka Vidmanová who concluded, on the basis of a false dating of the letter from the time of Hus´s vice-chancellorship in the winter semester 1409 – 1410, that the letter was just a rhetoric exercise of a student of Hus. Hus nevertheless was not the vice-chancellor of the Prague University in the time the letter was compiled, as the word rector was, in this one as well as in other cases, just a part of a set phrase rector et predicator capelle Bethlehem. By the way, a number of further indications testify Hus´ authorship of the Regensburg letter.

2

Pražský kapitulní kodex K 16: Netušený sborník M. Jana z Jesenice?

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Coufal D.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2014

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vol. 44

85-139

EN

The first part of the study presents comprehensively the late medieval manuscript K 16 of the Metropolitan Chapter Library in Prague. By the analysis of its structure, contents, and chronology of the texts the author determines the genesis of the manuscript in three layers well distinguished. The second part of the work verifies the identity of its primary user and focuses on the hussite conservative master and lawyer Jan of Jesenice. He studies the connections of his biography and work with the manuscript and he finds a very tight, although indirect relation in all aspects researched. In general, the study is a contribution to opening further ways of studying a late medieval manuscript miscellany.

3

Z czerwonym Kielichem. Przedmiot wiary husytów w Trylogii husyckiej Otokara Vavry.

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Łazarz R.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2016

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issue 73/2

45-56

PL

The study is dedicated to Otokar Vavra’s cinematographic “Hussites Revolutionary Trilogy”. The films were shot in the 1950s as colour motion pictures. The main idea is based on Alois Jirasek’s trilogy and Frantisek Palacky’s philosophy of history combined with some ideological concepts revolving around the communist interpretation of Hussites. The three films: Jan Hus (1954), Jan Žižka (1955) and Proti všem (Against All Odds, 1957) pose some sort of a challenge by showing a religious movement from an atheist’s perspective. Vavra indeed created a work of propaganda, a heroic story of the Czech folk fighting against foreign powers (lords and nobles, crusaders) which had the potential of underpinning the communist ideology in Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, the trilogy took in a new symbolic meaning after the 1968 occupation by the Warsaw Pact.

4

Banda lupičů a žhářů: Boj o Jana Husa a husitství na českém zemském sněmu v roce 1889

75%

Bezecný Z.

Studia theologica

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2015

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vol. 4

75-84

EN

A debate occurred on the location of a plaque with the name Jan Hus on the building of the Czech museum at the Czech Landtag in Prague in November 1889. Prince Charles of Schwarzenberg spoke at the meeting and referred to the Hussites as „a troop of robbers and arsonists“. The debate and its response in the press present a political struggle between liberals and Catholics within Czech society in the end of the 19th century. The personality of Jan Hus as an instrument of political argumentation in this struggle.

5

Pařížská univerzita a husité v letech 1428–1429. Františku Šmahelovi k jeho životnímu jubileu

75%

Coufal D.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 1

205-235

EN

The study analyses the Exhortation (exhortatio) of the University of Paris from 14 December 1428, which appeals to its readers to wait no longer, face the expanding Hussitism and insist on the convocation of a general council. Other than the content, it notices the formalities of the document, its sources, the historical context and primarily the circumstances of its preservation, which opens a path to new essential knowledge. It briefly introduces the four as-yet known copies of the exhortation from the 15th century and deals in more detail with the Berlin manuscript Theol. lat. qu. 323. In it, the exhortation is included in a collection of writings, which have the character of a form collection and which are related to the history of the University of Paris in the 1420s. Since it is an as-yet unexamined source, the author determines in the form of an investigation some details of its character and besides the exhortation notices the other texts with a relation to Hussitism in more detail. As the introductory section attributes the stylization of the entire collection to the French scholar Nicholas of Clemanges (†1437), the author of the study in the case of the mentioned Bohemical texts examines the likelihood of that claim. He also briefly indicates its contents, dating and its possible historical anchoring. A critical edition of the Parisian exhortation is attached to the study.

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Husitské poselstvo, projev Pax vobis, šestice stručných vzpomínek : (staro)nové poznatky k chebskému jednání z května 1432

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Pálka A.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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vol. 118

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issue 1

7-45

EN

The study deals with three aspects of the Cheb meeting between the Hussites and the Council of Basel (May 1432), which the previous research has not dealt with in detail. In the case of the composition of the Bohemian delegation, the author draws the conclusion that the list of Hussite envoys listed in the text of the Cheb safe conduct refers to persons intended for the Basel disputation, which appropriately appreciates the earlier brief observations of František Michálek Bartoš and Bohdan Kaňák. The study also offers a new insight into the speech of the conciliar legate Henricus Toke. Based on an analysis of the passages glorifying the Council of Basel, it seems that the Catholic speech was not as accommodating to the Hussites as it was hitherto judged to be. The last observed aspect is the numerous memories of Martin Lupáč. Their analysis demonstrates that, despite all their brevity, these texts can tell us new or hitherto only suspected facts about May 1432.

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Kutná Hora pod vládou kazatele: husitská invektiva z roku 1416 a Heřman z Mindelheimu

75%

Coufal D., Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2021

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vol. 119

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issue 1

74-102

EN

The study places its focus on the Hussite invective from 1416 against the Kutná Hora preacher Hermann, which has so far been reflected only on the basis of an incomplete edition from the 19th century. After presenting the whole agitation letter, the author examines the credibility of Master Hermann’s preaching work in Kutná Hora and searches for his identity. He focuses on the personality of the Prague doctor of theology and the auxiliary bishop Hermann of Mindelheim and comes to the conclusion that the Kutná Hora preacher Hermann was most likely this Bavarian native. The study thus sheds new light on the transformation of Kutná Hora into an early anti-Hussite centre.

8

The medieval Cult and processional Veneration of the Eucharist in Central Europe. Festive Culture in the Royal Cities of Cracow and Buda in a comparative Perspective

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Goda K.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 1

101-184

EN

This study analysis the late medieval central functions and festive culture of the both royal residential and capital cities of Cracow and Buda in the Kingdoms of Poland and Hungary with a special focus on the country-wide and capital specific features of the cult and processional veneration of the Eucharist. Providing a historical and comparative context the paper first presents the fourteenth-fifteenth-century central and festive functions of the two cities and the arrival of the Eucharistic cult, confraternities and processions to the bishopric and civic spheres within the two countries. In the following part, as a main focus, the article intensively explores how late medieval secular, especially local civic and royal political intentions introduced their agenda and exploitation strategies into the festive celebration of Corpus Christi in Cracow and Buda.

9

Czech Politics of History

51%

Ruczaj M.

Institute of National Remembrance Review

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2020

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vol. 2

177-198

EN

The following paper reviews the schemes of memory behind the shaping of the contemporary vision of the Czech’s own history and the forms they take while materialising in the contemporary Czech Republic. Among the “great narratives” to have built up the picture of Czech history, a leading role was assumed by a traditional model, that sees the Czechs as a nation on the border of Slavic and Germanic superethnoses. Simultaneously, attention was drawn to its reformation and modernisation potential and Slavic character, the latter of which intensified after having confronted the Germanic world. The Czech post-1989 settlement with its communist past has only slightly impaired this idiom of memory; Soviet domination, especially the Warsaw Pact intervention in 1968, has to a great extent depreciated the value of “Slavicness” as an element of identification of the Czechs. Also, a Czech sense of nationality has faded to the benefit of a sense of “citizenship”-with the latter understood in a broad sense. Czech state institutions have only to a limited extent been committed to researching some details of the politics of history. Among these organisations have been, for example, the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes (Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů, ÚSTR), the Military History Institute (Vojenský historický ústav, VHÚ) and some other bodies, including the Czech National Museum (Národní muzeum). When analysing the responsibilities shouldered by the above institutions, one may observe an influential yet financially inadequate role of some NGOs, such as Pamět národa (The Memory of Nation) whereas a typical narrative pattern of Czechness has found its place in the educational system. As for the legal perspective, the Czech Republic managed to settle accounts with its communist past by passing both the Lustration Act and the Act on the Period of Lack of Freedom.

10

Stručný exkurs vzniku a existence jednoty bratrské na území českých zemí

51%

Šonková M., Zpěvák A.

Polonia Journal

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2021

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issue 13

11-30

PL

Jedność Braterska (łac. Unitas Fratrum) należy do Kościoła protestanckiego, a jej początki sięgają 1457 roku, kiedy to został założony przez brata Grzegorza w Kunvald w dzisiejszych Czechach Wschodnich. Był to pod względem ilościowym niewielki, ale elitarny kościół, którego najważniejszymi przedstawicielami byli m.in. Petr Chelčický czy Václav Budovec z Budovy. Wśród ważnych członków był także Jan Amos Komenský (1592–1670), który był także ostatnim biskupem Jedności Braterskiej. Nauczanie Jedności Braci opiera się na trzech elementarnych postulatach, a mianowicie na ideale wiary, miłości i nadziei.

EN

Unity of Brethren (Latin Unitas Fratrum) belongs to the Protestant Church and its origin dates back to 1457, when it was founded by Brother Gregory in Kunvald (in present-day Eastern Bohemia). It as a quantitatively small, but elite church, among its most important representatives were, for example, Petr Chelčický or Václav Budovec from Budov. Among other important members was John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), who was also the last bishop of the Unity of Brethren. The teaching of the Unity of Brethren is based on three elementary postulators, namely, the ideal of faith, love and hope.

11

RÖSNITZ/ROZUMICE. POLIFONICZNOŚĆ GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEJ TRADYCJI PROTESTANCKIEJ

51%

Gładkowski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

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2017

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vol. 60

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issue 2

265-282

EN

The author presents here the detailed results of his research on the religious past of the Lutheran community of Rösnitz (today’s Polish name Rozumice) in Upper Silesia. This village is situated on the border with today’s Czech Republic. Today it is a place of remembrance of the continuity of Protestant tradition, including pre-reform movements, since the 15th century. The continuity of the Lutheran denomination of the community since 1523 of the, which the author’s research has shown, contradicts the generalized thesis of total recatholization of Upper Silesia. This article highlights one issue of the memorial site – the diversity of the Protestant tradition shown by the research of the past of this Lutheran community. This diverse tradition consists of pre-reformation Christian movements, including the Moravian Brothers, with whom the inhabitants of Rösnitz had already established contacts before the end of the 15th century. In the beliefs of this community, there are also themes characteristic for Waldensians who were known in Silesia. These movements prepared Rösnitz dwellers for the acceptance of Lutheranism. During the counterreformation period, the community did not undergo a recatholization. Later, Pietism strongly influenced the area, Count Ludwik von Zinzendof himself visits Rösnitz, where he speaks to the many gathered there from the surrounding villages. It even came to a split in this so far united municipality, which resulted in the emmigration of followers of Unita Fratrum to Herrnhut.

PL

Autor prezentuje tu uszczegółowione wyniki swoich badań na religijną przeszłością luterańskiej społeczności z miejscowości Rösnitz (dzisiejsza polska nazwa Rozumice) na Górnym Śląsku. Wieś ta jest położona na granicy z dzisiejszą Republiką Czeską. Dziś jest to miejsce pamięci związane z ciągłością protestanckiej tradycji, wliczając w to ruchy przedreformacyjne, od XV wieku. Ciągłość wyznania luterańskiego od 1523 roku społeczności, którą badania autora wykazały, przeczy generalizującej tezie, mówiącej o całkowitej rekatolizacji Górnego Śląska. W tym artykule wyeksponowano jeden z wątków historii tego miejsca pamięci – różnorodności protestanckiej tradycji, jaką ukazują badania przeszłości tej społeczności luterańskiej. Na tę różnorodną tradycję składają się przedreformacyjne ruchy chrześcijańskie, do których należą bracia morawscy, z którymi jeszcze przed końcem XV wieku nawiązali kontakt mieszkańcy Rösnitz. W wierzeniach tej społeczności pojawiają się też wątki charakterystyczne dla waldensów, znane na Śląsku. Ruchy te przygotowały społeczność rozumiczan na przyjęcie luteranizmu. W okresie kontrreformaji społeczność ta nie poddała się rekatolizacji. Później silnie oddziałuje tu ruch pietystyczny, sam hrabia Ludwik von Zinzendof odwiedza Rösnitz, gdzie przemawia do licznie tu zgromadzonych z okolicznych miejscowości przebudzonych. Dochodzi nawet do rozłamu w dotąd zjednoczonej gminie, którego skutkiem było wyemigrowanie zwolenników jednoty braterskiej do Herrnhut.

12

Zainteresowania Jagiellonów w Czechach

51%

Czerwonka J.

Officina Historiae

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 1

9-14

EN

The article presents the dynastic policy of the Jagiellonians towards the Kingdom of Bohemia. I show Jan Długosz's attitude towards the assumption of the Czech throne by the Jagiellons, offered by the Hussite legation. It illustrates the perception of the ruler and his surroundings of the events related to the Hussite revolution in the Czech Kingdom.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia politykę dynastyczną Jagiellonów, ukierunkowaną w stronę Królestwa Czech. Ukazuje stosunek Jana Długosza do objęcia przez Jagiellonów tronu czeskiego, oferowanego przez poselstwo husyckie. Obrazuje postrzeganie władcy oraz jego otoczenia wydarzeń związanych z rewolucją husycką w Królestwie Czeskim.

13

„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki

51%

Strzyż P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2019

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issue 103

43-57

EN

The period of the Hussite revolution in the years 1419–1436 holds one of the most prominent places in the history of the Czech military. There is no doubt that this is also a time of great glory of Hussite field troops – the „Orphans” and the „Taborites”. For one and a half of a decade no contemporary army which confronted them was able to defeat the Hussites. However, the present paper will not deal with weaponry of these warriors. What will be discussed is their appearance and deeds, with special reference to those of non-military nature which very soon added to their sinister fame. It was not infrequently that this fame virtually paralysed entire armies and defenders of castles and towns – the very sound of a Hussite war battle song Ktož jsú boží bojovníci was enough. A sort of Hussite „hallmarks” were: burning and pulling down of monasteries and churches, tortures and murders of rural and urban populations, with a special preference for burning on the stake or in barns, as well as pillaging of any sort of movable and immovable property and trade with such goods. In spite of the fact that such acts were not uncommon in the Middle Ages, it was the Hussites who were very eagerly labelled as merciless plunderers.

PL

W historii czeskiego oręża jedno z najważniejszych miejsc zajmuje okres rewolucji husyckiej lat 1419–1436. Jest to też niewątpliwie czas wielkiej chwały husyckich wojsk polnych „sierotek” i „taborytów”, którym przez półtorej dekady nie była w stanie sprostać żadna ze stających z nimi do konfrontacji ówczesnych armii. Przedmiotem badań nie będzie jednak uzbrojenie tych wojowników, lecz ich wygląd oraz czyny, przede wszystkim te pozamilitarne, które bardzo szybko przysporzyły im złowrogiej sławy. Nierzadko paraliżowała ona całe armie oraz obrońców zamków i miast – wystarczył dźwięk słów ich bojowej pieśni Ktož jsú boží bojovníci. Ich swego rodzaju „znakami rozpoznawczymi” były: palenie i burzenie klasztorów i kościołów, tortury i mordy na ludności wsi i miast ze szczególnym upodobaniem palenia na stosie lub w stodołach oraz rabowanie wszelkich dóbr ruchomych i nieruchomych oraz handel nimi. I mimo że w średniowieczu takie postępowanie nie należało do rzadkości, to jednak „łatka” pozbawionych litości grabieżców była bardzo chętnie przypinana właśnie husytom.

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Nedoceněný objev neznámého Husova listu

Pražský kapitulní kodex K 16: Netušený sborník M. Jana z Jesenice?

Z czerwonym Kielichem. Przedmiot wiary husytów w Trylogii husyckiej Otokara Vavry.

Banda lupičů a žhářů: Boj o Jana Husa a husitství na českém zemském sněmu v roce 1889

Pařížská univerzita a husité v letech 1428–1429. Františku Šmahelovi k jeho životnímu jubileu

Husitské poselstvo, projev Pax vobis, šestice stručných vzpomínek : (staro)nové poznatky k chebskému jednání z května 1432

Kutná Hora pod vládou kazatele: husitská invektiva z roku 1416 a Heřman z Mindelheimu

The medieval Cult and processional Veneration of the Eucharist in Central Europe. Festive Culture in the Royal Cities of Cracow and Buda in a comparative Perspective

Czech Politics of History

Stručný exkurs vzniku a existence jednoty bratrské na území českých zemí

RÖSNITZ/ROZUMICE. POLIFONICZNOŚĆ GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEJ TRADYCJI PROTESTANCKIEJ

Zainteresowania Jagiellonów w Czechach

„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki