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1

AKÉ REPREZENTÁCIE A KOGNITÍVNE MECHANIZMY UMOŽŇUJÚ KUMULATÍVNU KULTÚRU?

100%
Bánovský J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2020
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vol. 75
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issue 8
706 – 722
EN
The objective of the article is to explore representations and cognitive mechanisms that provide a basis for cumulative cultural learning. The paper examines research of imitation and natural pedagogy with focus on the role of decoupled representations and ostensive signals in the transmission of cognitively opaque cultural knowledge. The article aims to show that the theory of meta representations provides a useful explanatory framework for the explanation of emergence and development of abilities that enable acquisition of cultural practices and generic knowledge. The paper suggests that the application of the framework can contribute to the analysis of processes involved in interactions that facilitate early cultural learning.
2

LISSARRAGUE A SCHNAPP, BAŽANT A FRONTISI-DUCROUX O POSUNE MEDZI ZOBRAZOVANÍM A VIDENÍM U STARÝCH GRÉKOV

100%
Karul R.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 2
154 – 162
EN
On the basis of the Francophone research in the field of visual anthropology we will try to show in this text that there was a shift between how the Ancient Greeks saw reality and how they portrayed it. We will base this examination on the second kind of mimêsis presented in Plato's dialogue, Sophist, where representation deforms the real and we represent reality not as it is, but as we want to see it. Even scenes that have a supposed guarantee of realism, the scenes of everyday life, often represent our desires or fantasies more than the reality.
3

FROM IMITATION TO PLAGIARISM. RESEARCH ON THE LITERARY ETHICS IN 18TH-CENTURY RUSSIA

100%
Warda A.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2005
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vol. 54
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issue 4
515-526
EN
In the literary and paraliterary texts by Russian authors of the latter half of the 18th century the problem of literary stealing, not revealed in the texts of the previous periods, was noticed. The theory of imitation, considered to be the basic rule of literary composition since the beginning of old-Russian literature, encouraged the authors to use borrowings and to copy the models. The situation changed in the 18th century when the Russian authors familiarised themselves with West-European theoretical works referring to the problem of imitation and the borderline between creative use of a literary model and literary stealing. This changed also the relation to literary work which was treated then as an author's property. Violation of the authorship provoked emotional reactions of the literary milieu. Numerous writers' opinions related to literary stealing demonstrate the increasing consciousness of authors and the need to regulate copyright and related laws.
4

SOCIAL LEARNING AND SOCIAL COGNITION: THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGY

88%
Gergely C., Gergely G.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 1
5-30
EN
The authores propose that humans are adapted to transfer knowledge to, and receive knowledge from, conspecifics by teaching. This adaptation, which they call 'pedagogy', involves the emergence of a special communication system that does not presuppose either language or high-level theory of mind, but could itself provide a basis facilitating the development of these human-specific abilities both in phylogenetic and ontogenetic terms. They speculate that tool manufacturing and mediated tool use made the evolution of such a new social learning mechanism necessary. However, the main body of evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from developmental psychology. They argue that many central phenomena of human infant social cognition that may seem puzzling in the light of their standard functional explanation can be more coherently and plausibly interpreted as reflecting the adaptations to receive knowledge from social partners through teaching.
5

NABOKOV A TEXTOVÉ OBRAZY

88%
Vydra A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 7
611-618
EN
The main line of the paper is putting together several Nabokov's ways of grasping visual images with the help of words, i.e., grasping them within a text. One of Nabokov's ideas is to write analogically to the work of a painter. A textual description seems to him very verbose and tedious. The other model of his creative work imitates optical illusions. Textual mimicries are produced by various anagrams and wordplays. This imitation (a specific form of mimesis) follows from (is related to) Nabokov's literary understanding of the transparency which in fact is not transparent. According to him, we cannot see the essentially unknowable ground of things (and of images, persons, etc.). We only are able to see the surface which changes its shape continuously by imitating rather its background, not its hidden essence. There is nothing interior in his texts, too, everything is surface-like, i.e. everything is visible just like as a painter's painting.
6

VYNÁRANIE VZNEŠENÉHO

88%
Tomašovičová J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 7
592-599
EN
J. F. Lyotard described several transformations in art history and pointed out, that the motive power of contemporary art, i.e. modern and postmodern arts, is the sublime. What does this esthetical category mean, if not that to what the common concepts, such as inspiring, admirable, or the transcendent refer? The attention is paid to Kant's articulation of the category in his 'Critique of Judgment'. Points of identity as well as of difference are searched between Kant's conception and the reflections on the problem by J. F. Lyotard, who drew on B. Newman and provided an ontological interpretation of the sublime.
7
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IMITACJA W TWORZENIU POLSKIEJ POLITYKI INTEGRACJI CUDZOZIEMCÓW

75%
Pawlak M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 3(149)
97-122
EN
In this paper I analyze the materialization and public debate over the “Polish Migration Policy – current stage and the recommended actions” document, and the parts regarding the integration of immigrants in particular. I apply a neoinstitutional theoretical framework which allows me to conceptualize the mechanisms of the Europeanization process, and show that the integration policy is mainly developed by imitating the instruments promoted by the European Commission. I study imitation by applying the notions of translation and editing. This allows me to understand how the imitated model is adapted in the local context. The non-governmental organizations which commented on the document perceived the European model as suited for imitation. The public debate over the “Migration Policy of Poland” contributed to further strengthening and adaptation of the imitated model.
8

DANCE MACABRE WITH LECH KACZYNSKI. LOOKING THROUGH THE LENCE OF MIMETIC THEORY OF RENE GIRARD (Dance macabre z Lechem Kaczynskim. Patrzac przez pryzmat mimetycznej teorii Rene Girarda)

63%
Zambrzycki M.
Pieniądze i Więź
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 3(52)
7-21
EN
After Rywin affair, which was a manifestation of the existence of post-colonial system, created by a network of anty-development interest groups (ADIG), the main opposition parties, Civic Platform and Law and Justice promised to reform the state and public life. In the elections of 2005 they stood opposite each other. The Civic Platform and its leader lost the dual encounter and, wanting to stand out from the Law and Justice, taking the rhetoric of ADIG forces, stood in the role of the status quo defenders. Media attack of forces representing ADIG led to the production of unprecedented socio-political crisis and mobilization of a large part of society against the Law and Justice and Lech Kaczynski. Kaczynski brothers became the major public enemies, they were said to be guilty of creating the whole crisis, and were designated for scapegoats. This article answers the question, what mechanism is behind the annihilation process of L. Kaczynski's camp. The Author, while answering to the research problem, used the mimetic theory of French anthropologist- Rene Girard. After discussing its main assumptions, he looks at the main person of this drama and analyzes expression of his opponents, looking for four mimetic stereotypes (non-diversed crisis, non-diversed crime, sacrificial selection and violence) in the sphere of praxis. All the stereotypes have been widely discussed and exampled with a rich collection of quotations. Finally, the Author looks at the phenomenon of palikotism, which is a special kind of political aggression.
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