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1

YOUNG MULTILINGUAL IMMIGRANTS IN SPAIN: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES

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Checa Olmos J. C., Arjona Garrido Á., Checa Gómez D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2012

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vol. 44

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issue 3

348 – 366

EN

Immigration in recent decades has configured a more multilingual space than there has ever been before in Spain. The double purpose of this study was to discover self-reported use of language by foreigners and their linguistic competence in both formal and informal Spanish environments. An Index of Linguistic Competence in Spanish (ILCS) based on oral, phonetic, written and comprehension capabilities was designed for this. Data were from a survey given to the foreign population aged 14 to 18 residing in the Province of Almeria (Spain). The results show that the level they have acquired is lower than native students. Furthermore, there are considerable differences among the foreigners themselves by age, years of residence in Spain, years in school, and origin.

2

'NORWAY IS LIKE A HOSPITAL'. VEHICLES FOR (RE-)CONSTRUCTING THE NATIONHOOD AMONG POLISH IMMIGRANTS IN OSLO

100%

Pawlak M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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issue 36

27-39

EN

The article is a general anthropological survey of the complex issues of Polish diaspora in Norway. The reflections and interpretations are based on the fieldwork conducted by the author among Polish economic immigrants in Oslo during the summer of 2009 for the interdisciplinary academic project CULCOM (‘Cultural Complexity in the New Norway'). The main goal of the fieldwork was to examine the tools for reconstructing the nationhood in immigrants' everyday life, as well as the particular nationalism shaped via social and economic class, gender relations and particular cultural background. The present article, however, focuses only on the first issue. Therefore, it deals with the most banal aspects of immigrants' daily routine which at the first glance seem to be irrelevant and less important. Yet, by using anthropological perspective one may observe that the same daily practices involve various and complex moments of national identification. As a result, the article describes and analyzes the national praxis of Polish immigrant workers living in one of the Oslo districts. What seems to be interesting is the specific process of constructing the hermetic and national space by the immigrants in the context of Norwegian reality. This process, in turn, includes various tools for banal nationalism.

3

Wpływ ludności napływowej na funkcjonowanie szkolnictwa województwa śląskiego w latach 1945-1950

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Fic M.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2009

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vol. 35

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issue 1

135-148

EN

The paper presents the influence of the immigrants on the functioning of the education system in Upper Silesia during the first ten years after the end of World War II. The author describes the changes which took place among the teaching staff (while indicating at the problems of the remaining autochthonous population and immigrant teachers or implementing new educational aims with the support of the new group of learners) as well the advantages and drawbacks of the process of education of children from various social environments (as well as the relations among them). The author attempts to characterize the process of migration both from the horizontal as well vertical perspective. While evaluating the significance of the transfer of population, he presents the consequences of the phenomenon - among others the loss of the multicultural aspect of the society as well the forms of implementing the patterns of behaviour imposed by the party and state authorities.

4

THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP

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Garrido A. A., Olmos J. C. C.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2009

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vol. 41

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issue 3

199-221

EN

In this article the authorsw review several different concepts related to immigrant incorporation in the labour market through self-employment. They also examine the main theoretical currents concerned with explaining the phenomenon, occasionally with particular attention to cultural, ecological and interactive factors typical of the North American environment. However, the European case requires a new model, based on social embedment, analysing both market determinants and context of reception, which are usually stricter. Finally, they go on to the new perspectives of research that understands consolidation of immigrant entrepreneurs as a logical transnational action.

5

SEPARATION, INTEGRATION OR ASSIMILATION? THE STRATEGY FOR ADAPTATION EMPLOYED BY UKRAINIAN AND VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS WHO HAVE SETTLED IN POLAND

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Grzymala-Kazlowska A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 2

131-155

EN

The purpose of this article is an analysis of the cultural integration of the Ukrainian and Vietnamese immigrants who have the right of residence in Poland and of their strategy for adaption. The subject of the survey included such issues as the attitudes of the immigrants to their own culture and to Polish culture; the degree of cultural integration measured by their knowledge of the Polish language; contacts with Polish society and selected collective cultural characteristics (e.g. the level of social trust and the willingness to cooperate on the basis of ethnic ties) which affect the strategy for adaption. Marital relations are also taken into account (mixed and unmixed), the sex and age of the immigrants (especially the age at which the immigrants embarked on their cultural integration) and their attitudes to cultural integration. The article discusses the differences between the levels of cultural integration of the two groups and the consequences of such differences. The authoress argues that a strategy of assimilation predominates among the Ukrainians, while one of integration dominates among the Vietnamese.

6

“Shall we be tolerant of intolerance?” The Reception of Lessing’s Nathan the Wise in American Exile

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Kocyba K.-M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2015

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vol. 41

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issue 4 (158)

247–255

EN

This paper departs from the assumption that no other drama disposes of such a broad, international, and symbolically charged interpretation history as Nathan the Wise (1779). While the play was censored in Nazi Germany, European (and often Jewish) authors, who had sought refuge in the United States, brought Nathan along to perpetuate Lessing’s plea for religious tolerance. In this transatlantic adaptation process, however, the authors chose to adjust the original text to the cultural as well as societal and political conditions both in their old and new homeland(s). Could Nathan stand up to these new challenges?

7

Wielosc kultur, roznorodnosc tradycji, jedno spoleczenstwo. Szwedzki model polityki integracyjnej

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Banas M.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2011

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vol. 10

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issue 2

53-73

EN

The article examines the case of integration policy implemented in contemporary Sweden. The model has evolved from the 1960s undergoing a large number of transformations dictated by factors such as demographics, labor market structure, public sentiments towards foreigners, the concepts of economic development, political system, domestic politics and foreign policy of the Kingdom of Sweden. The focus has been directed on the constructing process of a cohesive society made up of groups with different ethnic, national, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds.

8

ALBANIAN MIGRATION INTO SLOVAKIA - HISTORY, SPECIFICITY AND RELATIONS

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Sipos M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2004

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vol. 52

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issue 4

404-420

EN

The objective of this study is to present the information about history and process of Albanian migration into the area of Slovak Republic. Albanians are migrants, who are less known in Slovakia. In majority society they are known especially through their profession - as an ice-cream sellers, pizza restaurants holders, gold-smitheries holders, and, in negative sense, mainly through illegal criminal activities. In nowadays Slovakia there are approximately 3.000-4.000 Albanian immigrants (unofficial entry). In the past, there were three main periods, when the greatest number of Albanian migrants had come to Slovakia: a) in the times of the 1.Czechoslovak republic (between 1918-39), b) between the years 1968-70 (unstable situation after the intervention of Warsaw-pact soldieries to CSSR) and c) after 1989 (the end of communist regime). The homeland of Albanian migrants living in Slovakia are F.Y.R.O Macedonia and Kosovo. In the process of Albanian migration two moments are significant: a) Albanian migration has strong economic background, b) kinship relations with persons already living in Slovakia determine the direction of the Albanian migration. Inside the Albanian community, strong tendencies towards the preservation of their own cultural identity can be found . Adaptive tendencies towards the new social and cultural environment are connected mostly with economic cooperation with the members of majority society. Good skills of Slovakian language and formal acceptation of majority customs are characteristic examples. On the other hand, protective tendencies are strong in the sphere of family and social relations within the Albanian community. Patriarchal family model (extend family as a common economic unit with one regency and representative person - the head of the family) and Albanian traditional law system are the representatives of cultural difference. Specific social relations are relevant also in the process of Albanian migration. Strong orientation towards the family causes that many new migrants are in kinship relation with the persons who had come to this area 70 years ago. Members of Albanian community living in Slovakia are not concentrated upon one place, in one or few towns. They are living in dispersion at all area of Slovakia, in many towns and villages. This is the consequence of informal agreement, in the frame of which new member of community does not want to become the rival of another Albanian businessman.

9

SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF POLISH ADOLESCENTS FROM GREEK AND POLISH HIGH SCHOOLS IN ATHENS

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Rerak-Zampou M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 3(153)

259-276

EN

The article focuses on the social integration of Polish adolescents residing in Athens and attempts to detect factors which influence this process. Data was gathered from two qualitative research projects - case studies - on social and school integration of young Polish citizens attending Polish and Greek high schools in Athens (2010), and on a Polish migrant family and its educational and migration strategies (2012). A qualitative perspective, utilizing semi-structured, in-depth interviews, was chosen in both studies. The paper begins with a short description of the migratory experiences of Greece and Poland, including a brief history of Polish immigration in Greece. It continues with a discussion about social integration and refers to the specific case of integration of migrant adolescents. Then it proceeds to the results of the two studies mentioned above, which indicate that the degree of social integration of Polish adolescents is variable and depends on the school that the young people attend, the extra-curricular activities they participate in, their Greek language competency, their social networks within the Greek population, and their parents’ socio-economic status. Important differences in the social integration between the groups of pupils from Greek and Polish high schools were observed.

10

Trying to make the intangible tangible – communicating national identity to new immigrants through citizenship handbooks. A case study of citizenship testing materials in the UK

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Czerska K.

Euro-Facta

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2010

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vol. 2. Kultura a komunikacja

35-58

EN

This article is involved in citizenship tests in different countries. It compares Great Britain and France focusing on a linguistic analysis of the citizenship handbooks.

11

THE SPACE OF HOSPITALITY AND IDEAS OF FORGIVENESS: MODERN DISCUSSIONS

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Ikaunieks A.

Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia

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2008

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issue 2(55)

96-107

EN

Until now neither individual countries nor international organizations have managed to find an appropriate solution to problems related to the increasing number of immigrants and reception of these migrants in different countries. One of the philosophers who has grappled with this problem is Jacques Derrida. The author analyses in details Derrida's attitude towards hospitality and forgiveness from the point of view that Latvia should also be ready to face such problems in the near future when the quality of life here will approximate (or even exceed) the living standards in the most developed countries. The author concludes that only a hospitable, family-like environment for Latvian people and for immigrants, who already live in Latvia can serve as the basis for a long-term strategy for creating a hospitable environment for other immigrants.

12

New York City Taxicab Drivers and the Immigrant Experience

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Hodges G. R. G.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2015

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vol. 41

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issue 4 (158)

215–227

EN

Taxi driving is a primary occupation for immigrants to New York City. Driving a cab in New York City, the home of a substantial majority of American cabbies is nearly a rite of passage for newly arrived male immigrants. For generations Americans have believed that the job helped an immigrant to learn the city, acculturate to American mores, earn sufficient cash to secure a better occupation, and ultimately insure that his sons will not have to wrestle a steering wheel twelve hours or more a day. During the 1950s that dream sometimes became a reality. More recently, cab drivers spend their work lives pushing a hack through the city streets. Still would-be cab drivers come from all over the world to push a hack in New York City. In this article, I will indicate how New Yorkers and cab drivers themselves perceive the trade as composed of aliens, criminals, acculturating new Americans, in identity politics or as part of a multicultural mosaic, and today as proletarians.

13

OFFERING REFUGE OR REFUSAL?: AMERICAN IMMIGRATION POLICY, PAST & PRESENT

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Greene V.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2009

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vol. 35

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issue 3(133)

11-24

EN

This essay describes the on-going ambivalence in the immigration policy America has instituted in its history. On the one hand one guiding philosophy has been part of its national ethos, that is to act as the world's democratic homeland for the oppressed in its first hundred years after 1776. However on the other hand, since the 1880s that gracious openness has clashed with opposite restrictions in statutes, New obstacles to acceptance have arisen even barring at times aliens of certain foreign cultures. Now the arrival have stimulated fears of threatening our way of live, our national security, and weakening out vaunted cultural values. In the more recent era of the twentieth and twenty-first century, the latter policy of nativists has been dominant as the country sees the coming of more foreign, non-whites some of whom have arrived illegally. Meanwhile the administration of the hardening policy has been a failure with corruption and low morale of immigration officials. The result has been interminable controversy between liberals and restrictionists.

14

IS THE ETHNIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM A BETTER ALTERNATIVE FOR IMMIGRANTS AS THE SEGMENTED LABOUR MARKET?

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Garrido A. A., Olmos J. C. C., Olmos F. C.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2006

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vol. 38

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issue 5

399-414

EN

The article analyses the integration process of the immigrants coming from the non-member states of the EU into the labour market in the Spanish province of Almeria. A main characteristic of the labour market the immigrants enter into is its segmentation. The immigrants are engaged in a labour that is regarded by the majority society as a less valuable due to its precariousness, temporary character, and low wages. Some of the immigrants make attempts to avoid the segmented labour market by starting their own business. Thus, they create an ethnic economic system wherein the employers as well as the employees speak their mother tongue, come from the same ethnic group, and whose products are designated for their own ethnic community. The ethnic economy combines some of the features of both primary and secondary labour markets. It appears to become an alternative for only those immigrants who have an opportunity to start or to manage the entrepreneurial activities.

15

POLICY OF MULTICULTURALISM AND IMMIGRANTS. THE EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND CONCLUSIONS FOR POLAND (Polityka wielokulturowosci i immigranci. Doswiadczenia panstw europejskich i wnioski dla Polski)

100%

Hryniewicz J. T.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2009

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issue 3(332)

231-250

EN

Multiculturalism is a kind of social policy that consists in the cultural neutrality of the state. In Western Europe it has shaped huge environments of immigrants derived from non-European cultures. Because of a great cultural distance between European societies and immigrants, assimilation of the latter turned out to be more difficult than had initially been expected. In response to such a situation, European states began to implement a multicultural social policy. In effect, a huge number of immigrant behaviors proved to stand in contradiction to human rights but consistent with multiculturalism. Nowadays we can observe a contestation (but not abandonment) of a multicultural policy and growth of anti immigrant attitudes. There is a tendency to gradually diminish multiculturalism and place more emphasis on human rights.

16

Immigrants Integration. The French Society

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Kruszka R.

Polityka Społeczna

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2008

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vol. 35

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issue 8(413)

31-34

EN

The paper concentrates on description of the community of immigrants by revealing the country of origin and the causes of the marginalization in the French society. The differences between newcomers and indigenous population are presented on the basis of the social capital inherited from the family. Subject matter of non-formal social and spatial segregation is described on the example of the events which occured at autumn 2005, called as 'revolt of suburbs'. Description of incidents in French suburbs allows to understand complexity and mechanismes that unable immigrants to become integrated with the French society.

17

THE DISAPPEARANCE OF OLD BORDERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW ONES. BORDERLAND AS A SITUATION OF EXCLUSION

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Tujdowski M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2008

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issue 3(328)

161-170

EN

The author draws attention to certain subsidiary processes connected with the 'opening' of borders, mainly as part of a larger process of European integration. The opening of borders met with criticism as in several cases it paradoxically led to exclusion. Firstly, a regularity was noticed that the smaller the border restrictions inside a given area (here: the European Union), the stricter the border regime on its outskirts. At a certain point, division into the centre and peripheries contributed to an evaluative approach to countries and societies by creating an elite club for members (of the European Union) and all the other states that aspired to membership. Another aspect concerns migration movements, but also small-scale cross-border traffic or the traffic of national minorities. For the above mentioned categories of people, tightening up borders has led to problems with entering the territory of the European Union. Especially immigrants from outside Europe must take into account serious obstacles in the form of a system of physical barriers and blockades. The third aspect concerns a civilization criterion which is becoming clearly visible in the course of demarcation of the new borders of Europe. Despite a declared promotion of multiculturalism, the limes of Europe have more or less consciously been drawn along the borderline of Christian Europe. Controversy surrounding Turkey's candidacy can be seen as a litmus test in the debate on European identity built on the basis of civilizational affiliation. According to the author, new aspects of exclusion by borders and borderlands (which turned out not to be open as wide as initially declared) were insufficiently represented in the discussion on the effects of European integration.

18

IMPACT OF THE IMMIGRANTS FROM ASIA MINOR ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN INTERWAR GREECE (Wplyw imigrantow z Azji Mniejszej na przemiany spoleczno-ekonomiczne w Grecji miedzywojennej)

100%

Paszkiewicz J.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2010

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vol. 45

141-152

EN

As a result of mass immigration of Greeks from Asia Minor, which took place in consequence of the defeat in the war with Turkey in 1922-1924, Greek agriculture and economy underwent unprecedented changes. A great number and diversity of the immigrants resulted in breaking of almost all previous social and economic connections in the country. Owing to the refugees, Greek internal market increased significantly, services and production (particularly agro-industrial) sectors became more dynamic. A new modern fashion of agricultural activity was also popularized. Moreover, the northern parts of the country, Aegean Macedonia and West Thrace, underwent unprecedented modernization. Significant Greek population growth, at the cost of other ethnoreligious groups, which was the result of settlement operation conducted by the state, could also be observed there. Immigrant communities demonstrated good dynamics in economic activity, which resulted in breaking of the traditional socioeconomic relations in Greece; the pressure on their side was conducive to cultural and political modernization. Diverse and often contradictory experiences of 'locals' and immigrants fostered the pluralization of social life. All these transformations, however, have not translated either into a sudden economic growth over the next decade, or the stabilization of Greek political system.

19

BORNHOLM ISLANDERS AND THEIR CULTURAL BACKGROUND

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Pomiecinski A.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2005

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issue 27

195-201

EN

Considered the prehistoric homeland of the Germanic tribe of Burgundians, Bornholm ranks among the most significant of the Danish islands, due also to its unique history, location, and culture. While ethnic and national minorities constitute a small percentage of the island's inhabitants, they have exerted a strong influence on the cultural life of society. Intense feelings of regional and national separateness among the Bornholmers are complemented by an openness to other immigrants from outside Denmark. Frequently, newcomers quickly assimilate with the local inhabitants. The Poles settled there since the 19th century represent one of the major national minorities. They brought with them their Catholic faith, which constitutes an essential feature of their national identity (sometimes termed a hybrid identity). Among other national minorities are Swedes, Germans, and citizens of the former Yugoslavia who came to Bornholm in 1995 during the Balkan wars. The final part of the article summarizes the main cultural events in the history of Bornholm.

20

OPINIONS OF THE SLOVAK POPULATION ON IMMIGRANTS BASED ON EUROBAROMETER DATA

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Bozogáňová M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 1

45 – 57

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze the opinions of the Slovak population on immigrants based on data available through Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017). We deal with the opinions on legal immigrants as a part of our research. According to Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017), immigrants are people born outside of the European Union, who left their home country and currently legally reside in Slovakia. Official statistics show that most immigrants from outside the EU who are in Slovakia legally come from Ukraine, Russia, the United States of America, Vietnam and Serbia. According to the results of research on public attitudes towards migration (2019) of the International Organization for Migration, the Slovak population has relatively little personal experience and knowledge of immigrants. The paper offers space for reflections and research topics within the Slovak Republic (for example, what causes the differences in opinions between West and Eastern Slovakia).

Refine search results

YOUNG MULTILINGUAL IMMIGRANTS IN SPAIN: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES

'NORWAY IS LIKE A HOSPITAL'. VEHICLES FOR (RE-)CONSTRUCTING THE NATIONHOOD AMONG POLISH IMMIGRANTS IN OSLO

Wpływ ludności napływowej na funkcjonowanie szkolnictwa województwa śląskiego w latach 1945-1950

THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SEPARATION, INTEGRATION OR ASSIMILATION? THE STRATEGY FOR ADAPTATION EMPLOYED BY UKRAINIAN AND VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS WHO HAVE SETTLED IN POLAND

“Shall we be tolerant of intolerance?” The Reception of Lessing’s Nathan the Wise in American Exile

Wielosc kultur, roznorodnosc tradycji, jedno spoleczenstwo. Szwedzki model polityki integracyjnej

ALBANIAN MIGRATION INTO SLOVAKIA - HISTORY, SPECIFICITY AND RELATIONS

SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF POLISH ADOLESCENTS FROM GREEK AND POLISH HIGH SCHOOLS IN ATHENS

Trying to make the intangible tangible – communicating national identity to new immigrants through citizenship handbooks. A case study of citizenship testing materials in the UK

THE SPACE OF HOSPITALITY AND IDEAS OF FORGIVENESS: MODERN DISCUSSIONS

New York City Taxicab Drivers and the Immigrant Experience

OFFERING REFUGE OR REFUSAL?: AMERICAN IMMIGRATION POLICY, PAST & PRESENT

IS THE ETHNIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM A BETTER ALTERNATIVE FOR IMMIGRANTS AS THE SEGMENTED LABOUR MARKET?

POLICY OF MULTICULTURALISM AND IMMIGRANTS. THE EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND CONCLUSIONS FOR POLAND (Polityka wielokulturowosci i immigranci. Doswiadczenia panstw europejskich i wnioski dla Polski)

Immigrants Integration. The French Society

THE DISAPPEARANCE OF OLD BORDERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW ONES. BORDERLAND AS A SITUATION OF EXCLUSION

IMPACT OF THE IMMIGRANTS FROM ASIA MINOR ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN INTERWAR GREECE (Wplyw imigrantow z Azji Mniejszej na przemiany spoleczno-ekonomiczne w Grecji miedzywojennej)

BORNHOLM ISLANDERS AND THEIR CULTURAL BACKGROUND

OPINIONS OF THE SLOVAK POPULATION ON IMMIGRANTS BASED ON EUROBAROMETER DATA