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FATIGUE OR WARM-UP? HOW THE COGNITIVE LOAD INFLUENCES IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY

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Szpitalak M., Wierzchon M.
Psychological Studies
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2008
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vol. 46
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issue 2
81-95
EN
The cognitive load is believed to cause mental fatigue, moreover recent studies suggest that it could also results in better performance of the following task. The purpose of two presented studies was to examine the cognitive load influence on controlled (C) and automatic (U) influences of memory in word-stem completion task. After memorization of words list participants were asked to complete stems under process dissociation procedure conditions. To examine the time effects of cognitive load participants performed the arithmetic task for 5, 10, 15 or 30 min before word-stem completion task. The results of the experiments indicate that the cognitive load for 10 - 15 min results in more accurate completion in C influence. The results of U influence stays intact in E1, but E2 indicate lower U influence for grups performed the arithmetic task for 10 -15 min.The conclusions about the mental fatigue and warm-up effects on implicit and explicit memory were presented. The results are also analyzed regarding the implicit and explicit memory dissotiation .
2

HOW DO ROMA REMEMBER? (Jak Romowie pamietaja?)

100%
Kapralski S.
Studia Romologica
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2008
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vol. 1
213-232
EN
(Title in Roma language: Sar seren/leparen o Rroma?). (A polemics with Michael Stewart's article Remembering without commemoration: the mnemonics and politics of Holocaust memories among European Roma, 'Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute' nr 10, 2004) In the recent years the traditional approach to Roma as „people without history and memory' has been challenged, among others, by a new perspective that assumes that even if Roma do not consciously reflect upon their past, the past is „remembered'for them due to the fact that it is in a way „stored' or „embedded' in the nature of the relations between Roma and non-Roma. Such an „implicit memory' approach, represented by Michael Stewart, means a step forward since it has assumed a more sophisticated concept of social memory. Nevertheless, it shares with the older approach the essentialized concept of Roma identity. With a help of Lech Mroz's conception of Romani „non-memory that does not mean forgetting', I am developing my criticism of Stewart's argument as (1) treating the Roma as a passive and static group formed by external determinants; (2) homogenizing the diversity of Romani life; (3) presenting a monolithic picture of the non-Roma world; (4) seeing a firm borderline between Roma and non-Roma while we should rather speak here of a liminal frontier zone; (5) neglecting the actual cases of active remembrance among Roma, supported by Romani commemorative ceremonies. In the end, I am suggesting that in contemporary „postmodern condition' the Romani practices of memory and identity do not radically differ from the non-Romani ones, especially those influenced by traumatic historical experience.
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