This paper analyses the relationship between liberalization of trade policy and dynamic of real merchandise import of Latin America countries, utilizing models based on panel data. Gross Domestic Product and relative prices are found to be significant determinants of import demand function. The results also show that the reduction of import duties and elimination of other trade distortions have a strong, positive impact on real import growth.
The aim of the article is to present the influence of exchange rate changes on the price dynamics in Poland. Knowledge of the exchange rate pass-through to prices permits assessment of how exchange rates affect inflation and monetary policy. The phenomenon was found of an incomplete exchange rate pass-through to import, producer and consumer prices in Poland, in the short- and long-run. These results are in line with theoretical arguments and indicate that in general the degree of the exchange rate pass-through to import prices is lower in the case of more processed goods and higher in the case of less processed ones. What is more, the degree to which exchange rates are passed through to prices of industrial goods increases with the increase of their substitutability, while the level of exchange rate pass-through to import prices of raw materials, agricultural and food products decreases together with their lower substitutability.
The given article investigates the interaction of population employment of Mykolayiv region with the help of correlation analysis. The export and import influence on the distribution of the employed population is stated. The increase of employment fund is in the development of transport and recreation services and in the international integration of shipbuilding enterprises. It may be possible due to the revival of special economic zone «Mykolayiv».
The article deals with the finds of the Roman glass vessels from five Germanic (Quadic) settlements in Western Slovakia and with two stray finds of early Roman glass beakers (scyphi) fragments. It aims at reconstructing forms and types of imported glass vessels and to follow the intensity of their occurrence in individual sites in connection with their distance from the Roman limes. It confronts the number of imported glass vessels with the quantity of Samian ware and discusses the chronology of Roman glass importation to Quadic settlements, which is compared with the presence of glass items in Germanic graves from the Roman period.
Current account imbalances and their sustainability in the EU member countries has been examined in the recent empirical literature since the establishment of the Euro Area. Deeper trade integration within the EU is generally beneficial. However, international fragmentation of production resulting from emergence of global value chains deepens external imbalances due to persisting differences in macroeconomic performance among member countries. The main objective of the paper is to examine effects of price and non-price determinants of exports and imports in 21 EU member countries. We have estimated the determinants of export and import demand functions in the 21 EU member countries. Our results indicate the high role of imports in aggregate export functions, while aggregate functions indicated a high contribution of domestic demand to the imports dynamics. Disaggregated analysis revealed the importance of intermediates in the external trade within and outside the EU from territorial and commodity aspects.
The idea of examining the effects of chosen variables versus the real effective exchange rate (REER) arose after observing the current tendencies in global trade processes and the position of China on global markets. Also the eruption of the world financial and economic crisis led to devaluation processes of world currencies and introduction of massive quantitative easing programs which distorted competitiveness of countries. China is not an exception. The key objective of the article is to find out how the foreign direct investment (FDI), openness of Chinese economy, GDP growth and total unemployment affects the REER of China during the periods between 1991 and 2014. In addition, terms of trade and net foreign trade will be tested additionally as explanatory factors. The OLS method was used to establish the relationship as well as the direction of causation between variables.
This paper contributes to research on the factors that have led to the decline of manufacturing employment in advanced economies by studying the impact of both import penetration and technological intensity on manufacturing employment between 2008 and 2018 using an extensive industry-level dataset for 28 EU countries. The findings make it clear that the growing share of Chinese imports in total extra-EU-28 imports significantly explains the declining trend in EU sectoral employment. The mentioned trend is shown to be mainly driven by the import penetration of Chinese consumer goods and less by the outsourcing of intermediate products. Yet, little evidence is found of technological intensity having a detrimental impact on sectoral employment outcomes. While the correlation between business expenditure on research and development per employee and employment growth was weakly negative, the share of information and communication technologies assets in total assets was positively correlated with both aggregate employment growth and the share of unskilled workers in the sector.
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