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1

MUSÍŠ SA STAŤ UMELECKÝM DIELOM

100%
Švikruha L.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 3
223 – 237
EN
The paper deals with the art of life, which, according to some authors (R. Veenhoven, J. Dohmen, O. Sisáková), is connected with the skill of leading a good life. The author works with this conception of the art of life as well as with the view of Z. Bauman, according to which the art of life is a (social) fact, and on the basis of this he examines what the art of life means in the context of contemporary socio-cultural conditions, given by individualization as defined by U. Beck. The author points out that while at first sight the development of the art of life as an attempt to lead a good life in the context of an individualized society could be a mark of freedom, the opposite is true and it is concluded that the art of life as a social fact is a social necessity rather than an individual option. In this context, the focus is drawn to the problem that this necessity is not explicitly evident in our practices of a good life, and the article attempts to explain it through the concept of aestheticization. It denotes a strategy in which social demands are not explicitly articulated, yet we fulfil them by our art of living, since the means of achieving them seem to be a matter of individual pleasure. This leads to the conclusion that the art of life as a skill to live a good life does not serve our free self-creation but the functioning of the social system. Therefore, in the final section of the paper, it is considered whether what Bauman calls the art of life is not just a kitsch and it is suggested that the emphasis should be put on the philosophical understanding of the art of life, which was already known in ancient philosophy and which was investigated by M. Foucault in the last period of his work.
2
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Rodina a rodičovství v individualizované společnosti

100%
Dudova R., Vohlidalova M.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2005
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vol. 6
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issue 1
1-3
EN
The authoresses analyze social changes within the family in western countries during the transformation towards modern individualized society. They based their statement on the theory of Ulrich Beck and Elisabeth Beck Gernsheim and further on the theory of François de Singly. In accord with these theorists the authoresses define individualization as a process continuously proceeding for many centuries. Among the consequences they place growing of differences between individuals, preference of individual interests to collective ones but foremost the growing possibility for free choice and decision. They also discuss the growing of uncertainty as the negative aspect of individualism. The process of individualization is irreversible and because of the ambiguity between autonomy and the fact that we are living in community, voluntary love partnerships become of crucial importance as the main pattern of social relationship in contemporary societies. ( www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005112901)
3
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Indywidualizacja procesu kształcenia uczniów jako wyzwanie edukacyjne w XXI wieku

100%
Christ M.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2013
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issue 1
19-36
EN
The article presents the individualization of the educational process as an increasingly common trend in education. The aim of the text is to present the part of research on ‘Individualization and effectiveness of the education process and the directional abilities of students in an integrated early childhood education’ (project tutor prof. S. Juszczyk).
4

INDIVIDUALIZATION AS THE PATTERN OF CULTURE, PROCESS AND IDEOLOGY

100%
Szymanska I.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2006
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vol. 50
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issue 1-2
213-230
EN
The subject of this article is the concept of individualization, widely present in sociological literature as a common diagnosis of contemporary 'status quo'. This view is analysed here not only in terms of society's disintegration (decay?) and the inevitable opposition between the society and the individual, but also multiplication of possible schemes of acting. Basing on Jean-Claude Kaufmann's notion of dialectical square, the authoress considers the individual and the society as ideal types, drawing attention to inextricably related changes of both the individual and the society. The analysis of woman's magazines helps to establish how the new patterns of ordering experience are created and how they influence the performance of social roles and mutual relations. This field of research seems attractive since both the context of transformation and the situation of women most vividly demonstrate tensions between the modern and postmodern patterns of behavior and reveal paradoxes of the process of individualization. By making the individual the focal point of attention it makes the increasingly complex relations with other individuals its primary concern.
5
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Общеевропейская шкала уровней владения иностранным языком как основа языкового и индивидуально-личностного развития студентов российских технических вузов

100%
Шкодич Л.
General and Professional Education
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2011
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issue 1
57-61
EN
Teaching foreign languages at Russian technical universities is to be aimed at students’ productive speech competences. The key to success is using tailor-made materials, student-specific tasks and individual control procedures. The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages could become an effective means to achieve the goal.
6

PROBLÉM IDENTITY JEDNOTLIVÍN V PRIEBEHU ČASU

100%
Lazor P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 6
589-594
EN
The aim of the paper is to shed light on the problem of identity of particulars over time within the framework of Quinean analysis. At first, it focuses on the relationship between essential and accidental property changes as a criterion for distinguishing cases when objects retain their identity from cases when they loose it. It is shown, that a coherent distinction between essential and accidental properties is problematic. Quinean approach indicates that we do not need to look for any kind of criterion of identity of particulars over time. Hence, the conclusion is that the identity of particulars over time should not be viewed as a problem of how to understand the concept of identity, but rather as a problem of how to understand certain general concepts, i.e. how to individualize certain parts of the world by the use of certain general terms.
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THE HOSPICE MOVEMENT: THE EXAMPLE OF CONFLICT BETWEEN THE PROCESSES OF PERSONALIZED AND RATIONALIZED INSTITUTIONALIZATION

88%
Kubiak A. E., Surikova M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2010
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vol. 42
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issue 3
237-254
EN
The article presents the problems of hospice movement in the context of the individualistic social organization, which becomes the predominant pattern of social life in the modern societies. The hospice vision focuses on the interest in the individual and his or her quality of life in the end-of-life phase, which fits the principles of individualism. The analysis of the process of institutionalization of hospice movement shows the conflict between the idealistic aim and the consequences of rationalized medical praxis. The situation of the individual as a matter of public interests is followed by temporal relationships of the hospice workers and the patient and his or her family, breaking the continuity of the natural social bonds, de-privatization the dying, fragmentation of one's life's course and isolation of terminally ill people. These contradictions seem to be the integral part of the individualistic social organization, and as such irresolvable.
8
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Ženy po třicítce – příklad specifických reprodukčních strategií a jejich zdrojů

75%
Bartosova M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 1
147-177
EN
A specific feature of Czech women today, who are timing the motherhood or staying childless after thirty, stems from their socialisation in a different political and demographical regime than they were in at the start of their reproductive period. The changes connected with the transformation of Czech society after 1989 affected their life courses. Instead of following the demographic behaviour of their mothers why do these women postpone motherhood to a later age or remain childless? What do the life courses and reproductive strategies of contemporary women over thirty look like? The qualitative research discussed in this article is based on in-depth interviews with primaparas over thirty and their childless peers conducted in order to examine the dynamics and character of their decision to become a mother. The research applied grounded theory and identified five different types of reproductive strategies: 'to have a child no matter what', 'to have a child with the right partner', 'waiting for the right time', 'hesitating over whether to have a child or not', 'not having a child'. Consequently the specific sources of these strategies were described. Background family experiences combined with the experiences from the period of childlessness in adulthood can lead to the development of an 'individualised habitus', which can block the transition to the motherhood phase. In the Czech context the development of an individualised habitus can be strengthened by the unequal distribution of gender roles in the family of origin as well as in partnerships in adulthood.
9

Era nejistoty a nastup “lovecko-hracske” spolecnosti

75%
Roubal O.
Communication Today
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue 1
6-18
EN
Within the late modernity discourse attention has been drawn to the intensifying process of individualization. This process is being accelerated and affected by de-institutionalization and de-stratification - both processes resulting from the crisis of organised modernity. Individualization does not only mean more freedom and autonomy, it also implies more uncertainty and risk. In the liquid modernity people are facing a whole range of global uncertainty linked with crises of social forms, politics, social security, and conformity and consumer identity. All hopes and expectations towards the creating and accomplishing our life plans rest with us – individuals who are freer to take direction of their life trajectories, and at the same time, take responsibility for consequences of potential negative turbulences that could distract these trajectories from their settled direction. Being flexible is one of the most effective strategies how to tackle uncertainty in the age of liquid modernity. „Hunter-gamer“- a whole new concept of human mentality has been gaining more acceptance.
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