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SOCIO-PRIESTOROVÉ PREMENY VIDIECKYCH SÍDIEL NA SLOVENSKU V ZAČIATKOCH 21. STOROČIA – SOCIOLOGICKÁ REFLEXIA

100%
Falťan Ľ.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2019
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vol. 51
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issue 2
95 – 114
EN
The transformation of rural communities in Slovakia was also reflected in the architectural and urban design of rural settlements. Changes in the architectural and urban design of rural settlements reflect the ongoing socio-structural changes in rural communities. However, these socio-structural and architectural-urbanistic changes have different intensity and different forms in various regions of Slovakia. At present, local development transformations are not only conditional on the needs and ambitions of the local population, but also on the new "players" of development processes - the new homeowners, the stakeholder groups in the manufacturing sector and the service sector, such as investors (developers) in the area of housing. This is particularly intense in suburbanized areas of large cities. It brings a whole range of positive but also problematic social and spatial processes, forming rural space. In a number of cases, this also significantly changes the character and expression of rural settlements and rural landscapes.
2

VYBRANÉ ASPEKTY ÚSPEŠNOSTI NÁBOROVÝCH AKCIÍ ZAMESTNANCOV PRE VÝCHODOSLOVENSKÉ ŽELEZIARNE

100%
Bobková M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 2
-
EN
The thesis deals with selected factors that were influencing the development of employees ́ number of Eastern Slovakia Steel factory. The company, today under the name United States Steel Corporation, is situated in Košice, the second largest city of Slovakia, with more than 240,000 citizens. However, during the 1950s the city had approximately 60,000 citizens only, but the census of 1980 recorded in excess 200,000 citizens. The years from 1948 to 1989 are characterized by the strong influence of totalitarian regime and government interference in both economic as well as social life of citizens. Above all the interests of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics had to be respected, which was reflected also in the type of industrialization and its focus on the Cold War development. In the Czechoslovak Republic the idea of increased industrialization was enforced on the territory of today’s Slovakia. One of the plans was the industrialization of population-rich, but economically declining eastern Slovakia. Košice represented a strategic centre of the eastern part of the republic, in which the construction of industrial enterprises was supposed to be carried out and which impacted on the population. The construction of Eastern Slovakia Steel factory started in 1960. The factory was supposed to provide the biggest number of job opportunities not only in the Košice city, but also in the nearby districts, which led to migration of the population. Therefore, this thesis focuses on depiction of the relation between industrialization and the physical movement of people. There are two types of recruitment actions and activities for gaining workers described in this article. Through numerical data recorded in charts and graphs the rate of recruitment percentage together with explanation of causes stated in reports is highlighted. Additionally, propaganda activities which played a significant role in appealing to public are also depicted. The articles in newspapers and company brochures were supposed to be in favour of gaining persons into employment for metallurgical factory. The article offers opportunities for better understanding of the mutual relation and influence between political system, industrialization and the society. Here, the intention was the systematization of statistical data that may represent resource for further research in the field of development of Košice, the growth of the population and the total transformation of the city.
3

ROMANIA’S ATTITUDE CONCERNING CMEA SPECIALIZATION (1960-1962). NEW ASSESSMENTS

100%
Stanciu C.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 4
629 - 647
EN
Is it worth exporting corn and fodder in exchange for toys and cosmetics? It was a question Gheorghiu-Dej of Romania asked himself, when confronted with increasing East German demands for agricultural exports. He was keen on overcoming underdevelopment through a vast program of industrialization in order to overcome the status of a predominantly agricultural country but he perceived his CMEA partners to be opposing this prospect. In the context of increasing economic difficulties in the Soviet bloc in the early 1960s, an idea was circulated that specialization would help increase efficiency so that Socialist countries could successfully compete on Western markets. But the meaning of specialization appeared different for each country: Gheorghiu-Dej thought that Romania deserved an equal status with other more developed nations of the Soviet bloc, but it soon became clear to him that they had different views. His perception was that the East Germans and Czechoslovaks wanted Romania to remain a provider of agricultural products and hold off its industrialization plans, but he could not accept that. This study argues that intra-CMEA competition between developed and less developed member countries played a major role in compromising the reforms planed by Moscow in the early 1960s.
4

NARVIK, A SWEDISH NORWEGIAN BORDER TOWN

100%
Aas S.
Mesto a dejiny
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2019
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vol. 8
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issue 1
54 – 79
EN
This article gives an insight into the industrialization and colonization processes of northern Scandinavia. Urbanization due to industrialization is a vital part of the perspective, and brings us into an industrial mega system in Swedish Lapland in the late nineteenth century based on iron ore export. It was to be connected to the industrial centre of Europe, especially the Ruhrgebiet of Germany, and paved the way for a new kind of urban development in peripheral Europe – the industrial network town. The history and foundation of the Norwegian harbour town Narvik is vital for gaining insight into this mega system. By studying Narvik we can envisage particularities of, and similarities and differences between Norway and Sweden when it comes to their urban economic foundations, urban development/planning regimes, and the relations between the municipalities, the modern nation states and the dominating companies. Even the development of a uniquely Scandinavian identity connected with the labour movement and the development of a post-war social democrat order visibly results from the new industries. Thus the common Swedish-Norwegian figure of the rallar – something like navvy or construction worker – has a significant place in this study, and the use of the figure in addition to later processes of memory creation, both within the Norwegian and Swedish labour movements, is addressed.
5

POST-WWII MIGRATION FLOWS IN MICRO-PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF THE EAST SLOVAK SMALL TOWN MEDZEV

100%
Juhászová T.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2022
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vol. 25
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issue 1
-
EN
During World War II and in its aftermath, Central Europe was exposed to huge migration waves. People of different religions and various mother tongues had to leave their homes and newcomers settled in the abandoned places. This paper focuses on a small town, Medzev, located on the southern edge of Spiš (eastern Slovakia), which was until the end of World War II inhabited mainly by a German-speaking population. While exploring local post-conflict and post-migration settings, this paper focuses on everyday life in the intimate small town community. Drawing on archival sources and oral testimonies, this paper aims to show the micro perspective of the post-war migration flows and interactions in the east Slovak small town. It claims that the dominance of German speakers in the remote town of Medzev was not ended by the post-war expulsion in late 1940s, but rather by economic migration flows connected with socialist industrialization in following decades. This paper argues that in the examined micro space, people were connected mainly through their working experience in the factory Strojsmalt and lived together without major conflicts.
6

CONTENTUAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE CITY CENTRE (Obsahove a funkcne zmeny centra mesta - moderne a tradicne, alebo hladanie novej tvare centra)

84%
Darulova J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 2
159-176
EN
Since 1889 the central areas of Slovak towns have undergone striking changes in content and function. One may rate positively the exclusion of traffic and the introduction of pedestrian zones where the commercial and social-cultural potential of the town is normally concentrated. This has created opportunities for meeting, casual trade and social contacts. Based on research on the changes of content and function in the centre of Banska Bystrica, one may say that the historic memory of the town has come into confrontation with the new contents, meanings and symbols immediately present in the town's central areas. The nodes of communication are gradually changing in the process of transformation, while at the same time modernisation fills with new contents above all those 'vacated places' which were distinctively marked by socialism in the recent past. Freedom of enterprise, free trade and the market mechanism have permitted new elements and processes to penetrate to the town spaces, visible in the ethnicity of shopkeepers and business executives as well as in the massive inrush of hypermarkets and shopping centres. A positive phenomenon is the fact that in the process of rebuilding the square and its adjoining streets the original historic character of the town centre has been preserved and courtyards have been opened up and made accessible to the public, with suitable building extensions for small shops and enterprises. However, the construction of a commercial-social centre situated in the vicinity of the pedestrian zone has disrupted many of the square's functions and much commercial and social activity has transferred itself to this new complex.
7

EAST SLOVAKIAN IRONWORKS AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES OF THE CITY OF KOŠICE FROM 1960 TO1989. PART I.: POPULATION MOVEMENT

84%
Sáposová Z., Bobková M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2016
|
vol. 19
|
issue 4
-
EN
Based on the decision of the Czechoslovak government, on the 1st April 1959 the memorandum establishing the national company Východoslovenské železiarne – East Slovakian Ironworks – was signed. On the 4th January 1960, the construction of the metallurgical plant started in the administrative area of the villages Šaca, Veľká Ida, Sokoľany, Haniska and Bočiar. The city became a centre of heavy industry and - due to the open positions - also a target of internal migration. The East Slovakian Ironworks changed the image and the character of Košice. This study aims to research the relationship of the demographic and economic phenomena in Košice during the construction of the East Slovakian Ironworks and in the following period, during the era of socialism. This paper, researching the connection of population and economics, is separated into two parts. The first part of the study deals with the impact of the economy on migration, while the other deals with the population structure. This first part of the study focuses on migration of the population of the city during the erection and operation of the East Slovakian Ironworks from 1960 to 1989. In addition to migration, this introductory part of the study presents also the main characteristics of socialist industrialisation, as well as the basic information concerning the reasons of constructing the plant in Košice. The present study presents also a number of research issues concerning the historic demography of the city of Košice in the period of socialism, requiring deeper analysis. Unfortunately, the historical demographic developments of the population of the city, occurring during the second half of the 20th century (similarly to the other eras) have not been sufficiently processed yet. The existing scientific publications mostly deal only with Slovakia as a whole, or, eventually, with other regions (Tišliar P.; Šprocha B.; Bleha B., Vaňo B.; Matlovič R., Mládek J.) while focusing on a part of the problem, such as a specific decade, a census, a selected element of the population structure, or some economic or political factors influencing population demography. Serious works concerning the population of the city have been published; however, from a geographer's point of view. After the World War II, Slovakia was one of the undeveloped agricultural regions with high hidden unemployment and lack of jobs in the industry and in the other sectors of the economy. Industrialisation, as performed in Slovakia, rooted in the Soviet model, thus socialist development focused primarily on heavy industry (such as metallurgy, production of arms, machinery). The development of heavy industry was supported also by the Slovak politicians and national economy experts, who requested the establishment of multiple works of this kind, claiming that these would provide opportunities for work and a base for the processing industry.
8
Content available remote

The tale of the landscape in the Czech lands in the 19th century

84%
Vyskočil A.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2012
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vol. 38
|
issue 1
119-142
EN
The study describes the transformation of the Czech lands in the course of the 19th century. In an overview, it introduces the process of transformation of a landscape shaped primarily by the baroque period into an industrial landscape. It notes individual processes, which significantly impacted landscape structures (such as industrialization, urbanization, development of transportation infrastructure etc.). It points to the transformation of the way in which land was used. It also notes the different kinds of environmental impact and the loss of landscape identity as well as reactions to these negative phenomena (nature preservation, tourism, public green areas).
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