In this paper competitive ability was defined as long term skill of delivering products or services, accepted by market. Model of this ability is described by function of environment conditions, their perception by management, awareness of this management, innovative reaction time, resources (especially HR and intellectual capital) and motivation. Innovation was showed as instrument of building of competition advantages. HR was showed not only as a field of competition advantages but also as creating power of innovation. The analysis of industrial enterprises points to the managerial staff attitudes as a decisive factor of enterprises innovation activities and economic status.
The Baltic Sea Region is an area with huge potential but it still can not develop as expected internal cooperation. This article aim is to determine the competitive position of the regions bordering the Baltic Sea and - by using hierarchical cluster analysis - to identify networks of regional cooperation possible to develop.
Broadly defined innovation and creativity are, nowadays, the key factors of economic growth. They are the main driving force of development. Since there is a positive correlation between innovation and an economy's efficiency or its attractiveness for investors, implementation of novel and creative solutions can help achieve enhanced business results. Innovation and creativity are instrumental in creating a sustainable competitive advantage in the global market. The ability to create, implement and promote innovation depends largely on the available resources and on the state innovation policy. In the coming years, Poland is going to face the problem of low level of innovation, as well as the dearth of innovation factors. Among the weaknesses of the Polish innovation system are: inefficient utilisation of human capital, low expenditure on R&D activity, considerable dependence on budgetary financing, weak self-innovation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises, poor cooperation between businesses and research institutions, and the mismatch between research activities and the needs of the manufacturing and service sectors. The low level of innovation hampers economic growth and threatens sustainable development. In view of the above, there is a need to define the directions of innovation policy of the state and to improve the conditions for innovation in Poland.
The conducted investigations concern pedagogical innovation and their conditionings. The article presents the factors, which weaken and strengthen innovation activity. It also seeks an answer to the question: 'what conditions have to be met so that Polish schools become more innovative'.
The aim of this article is to present its own proposals on the general requirements to be used to construct the implementation instructions. This proposal was developed with detailed algorithm of conduct investigator, who in collaboration with the farmer implements the novelties. The basis for its creation were information obtained from a review of literature and the author’s practical knowledge acquired during long-term cooperation with the public agricultural advisory service in their self-directed extensions activities and implementations activities in collaboration with science. In this article a basic conceptual apparatus concerning one of the innovation processes, which is the process of the formation of agricultural innovations, has been arranged. Also noted on the unfortunate circumstances for the achievement of the implementation phase by science, caused by the current system of parameter evaluation of the scientific units, which according to the author, should be immediately changed.
The paper is describing the current state of intermediation services in CZ NUTS 2 Region Prague, based on results of ongoing SUPER-SME Project of FP6. It is possible to identify an important role of intermediaries in research, development, and innovation activities. The intermediation aims at optimizing supply of scientific and technological services, with demand of RTDI companies and organizations or any other actors using or interested in using these services, e.g. national or regional stakeholders. S&T intermediary is defined as a public, private, or public/private (non-profit) institution with a mission of optimizing interface between supply of scientific and technological services and demand of an enterprise, groups of enterprises, or any institution in this respect. Universities, research centers, private companies, or technology transfer centers can play a role of S&T intermediary.
The article shows results of the survey carried out among the top managers of enterprises functioning in the former European Union on the 'Innovation in 2003': Experiences and Priorities of European Managers'. In particular the author concentrated on interpretating answers to the question concerning new approaches to innovation management which would require special attention of enterprise. The answers received were considered as the measure of the interest of the managers in the development of the innovation activity. Level of this measure is presented for the European Union as a whole, for each of its 15 Member States and for enterprises analysed in regard to their sector of activity, size, age and share of export in their turnover.
Regional Research and Innovation Policy in Action - the Efficient Tools for Regional Catching-up in New Member States (Regions of Knowledge - FP6). The regional practices of innovation policy in eight EU member states are presented in case studies, elaborated for one region in each country with South Moravia representing the Czech Republic. South Moravian innovation policy is analyzed in three fundamental dimensions: strategy formation, policy deployment, and practices at the programme level. These are the constituent elements of the process that was defined by the ProAct consortium as so called 'ProAct policy learning cycle'. The benchmark methodology (The ProAct Benchmarking Framework) was applied in the case studies to explore good practices in regional innovation and research policy. In the study, the role of South Moravian Innovation Centre (JIC - Jihomoravske inovacni centrum) is highlighted.
Innovation is regarded to be one of the main factors of the competitiveness of enterprises. This paper is aimed at showing the road leading to creation of product innovation in service industry illustrated by a tour operator. The article consists of three parts, introduction and conclusions. In the first part methodology is presented. The second part describes product innovation in enterprises acting as tour operators. In the most comprehensive third part the author presents two models to achieve product innovation. The author applies the deduction method, the questionnaire survey method and the Delphi method. The results of the research done by the author and the constructed models could be used by tour operators and also by other services to create product innovation.
Ewolucja teorii i praktyki zarządzania pokazuje, że we współczesnych warunkach funkcjonowania organizacji niezbędne staje się przeprowadzanie zmian o charakterze innowacyjnym. Stwierdzenie to dotyczy również szpitali, które od wielu lat poddawane są ciągłym przemianom, próbując pogodzić rozwój medycyny z ograniczonością zasobów w ochronie zdrowia. W niniejszej publikacji podjęto próbę określenia czynników kształtujących proinnowacyjną kulturę organizacyjną. Analiza literatury prowadzi do wniosku, że zasadniczymi czynnikami kształtującymi kulturę wspierającą innowacje są strategia, struktura, twórczość i kreatywność, technologie informacyjne i komunikacja.
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The evolution of management theory and practice shows that innovative changes are essential in modern organizations. This is particularly true in the case of hospitals that have been changing continuously for years, bringing together modern medical development and scarce healthcare resources. This publication is an attempt at determining factors enhancing the shaping of pro-innovative organizational culture. The analysis of topical literature leads to the conclusion that the main factors of pro-innovative culture are the organization's strategy and structure, the creativity and activity of its staff, information technology, and communication processes.
In the following article the author analyzes the process of innovation creation by business enterprises. Special emphasis is put on the early -stage technology development which allows to gradually transform invention into innovation. In the further part of the paper three kinds of uncertainty concerning the corporate innovation processes are discussed. Then the author identifies, in his opinion, the key threat in R&D projects, i.e. the resource gap. The causes of resource gap are then thoroughly discussed and explained using both the appropriate psychological theory and the game - theoretic approach. Finally, the potential managerial and economic consequences of the resource gap are shown.
In this article the author analyses franchising form of brand use from the point of view of marketing of innovations, in peculiar defines place, role and particularities of franchising in the process of marketing of innovation on its way from the manufacturer to the consumer. Survey of the contemporary state and problems of franchising in Ukraine is conducted.
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that capital market in Poland through the mechanisms of eliminating gaps in the supply of capital may play an essential role in the process of stimulating innovative development of companies. This may result in increasing of the level of competitiveness of Polish economy. The methodology used by the authoress includes a description of the presented problem and analysis of volume, structure and dynamics of detailed phenomena. The conducted research led to the following results. The level of innovation in Poland is low due to a weak engagement of domestic private capital and the lack of mechanisms concerning allocation of this capital to innovative projects. One can observe a dangerous phenomenon of increasing the gap in the supply of long-term capital in the early stages of the development of companies. The capital market in Poland is only able to properly fulfill its functions in the process of allocation of financial means to innovations if the central government and local governments are actively engaged in the process. Eliminating the capital gap is possible when the domestic private capital is activated, which requires among the others things a preferential tax system and creating specialist institutions of capital market functioning in the sector of small and medium sized companies.
This article assesses efforts to develop 'open innovation'. First, open innovation is put in the framework of knowledge society. It is shown that the term open innovation refers to such different cases that it is better to assess them separately. Chesbrough's 'open innovation', the 'lead user' conception, the idea of 'commons-based-peer production' and 'interactive value production' is shortly explored. 'Incertitude' is overviewed as basic background that urges societal praxis to turn to open innovation. At the end the article, referring to an expert material worked out for the EC DG Research, called with abbreviation TEKSS, turns interest to extending open innovation by integrating concerned groups as innovation partners as engagement, i.e. as partners through the whole innovation process.
In the article, from the standpoint of the content of the concept of "green" economy and eco-innovation, it is concluded the need to create regional innovation system focused on achieving the goals of the green development of the region. It is emphasized the need to define a strategic vector of development of the region basing on the determination of the most important socio-ecological-economic problems of the region and assessment of its capacity to implement eco-innovations. There are proposed the directions of diagnostic of eco-innovation potential of the region based on assessment of environmental friendliness of its components: market, research, production and infrastructure, institutional. Depending on the level of capacity to implement environmentally-oriented innovation in the region (low, medium, high) it is proposed to use such strategies of regional development: adaptation of innovative processes in terms of "green" economy; the development of models of "green" production and consumption in some sectors of the regional economic complex; the strategy of "green" sustainable development of the region. The necessity of changing the organizational forms of realization of the process of institutional management of innovations: the formation of the partnership model of interaction with the business, as well as the promotion of grassroots innovation in the most important areas of social development.
Development of scientific and technical knowledge has become the prime growth factor behind modern economies. A big part in economic development is therefore played by universities, as institutions expanding and disseminating such knowledge. There is an extensive literature underlining the key role of local universities in establishing areas, such as Silicon Valley, Boston's 128th Street or the environs of Cambridge, UK, which remain the most important concentrations of peak technology. The paper's account of the wide international literature on this subject seeks to shed light on whether the economic effect of these university knowledge transfers can be replicated, or whether they were one-off occurrences. The nature of the spatial dissemination of knowledge has a decisive bearing on this. The literature can be divided into two schools, concentrating on location choice and direct knowledge-transfer researches respectively.
The European Union aims to become the leading knowledge-based region of the world by 2010. Innovation as a major source of competitiveness and economic growth has been brought to the center of regional development policies. After joining the European Union this constitutes a serious challenge for Hungary since the country's competitiveness depends not only on the effectiveness and development level of its innovation system but also on the extent to which the country is capable of a successful integration to the European Research Area. After surveying the international (i.e., the US and the EU) experience and the relevant literature this paper provides an analysis on the prospect of an innovation-based regional development strategy for Hungary particularly on the role universities might play in that. The main focus is on the institutional and regulatory frameworks of innovation with a special attention to the characteristics of university R&D financing.
During the last three decades, it was possible to observe a significant growth of creation of strategic alliances between companies. Firms have been inclined to cooperate in order to survive or maintain their growth. Such kind of partnership directly or indirectly influenced the increase of competitiveness of the companies involved in such form of cooperation. However, during the last few years, this tendency has decreased. Therefore, few questions arise, namely: does the creation of alliances still have positive impact on competitiveness? How high is the risk to cooperate in such form. Does a strategic alliance have impact on creation of so-called Schumpeter’s radical technology change? This article aims to answer above mentioned questions and investigate the concept of strategic alliance and its influence on competitiveness.
Modernization processes in the agro-food sector and rural areas in Poland, in compliance with challenges and versatile conditions, are a fundamental and, at the same time, very complex problem. A strong influence on the direction of activities launched to modernize agriculture, agricultural markets and rural areas is also exerted by processes connected with the globalization of economic systems, integration with European Communities, and macroeconomic solutions resulting from the decisions of the World Trade Organization. Taking into consideration all these conditions the stimulation of the modernization process in this sector becomes an important task for state policy. The experience to-date suggests that the present policy of financing research and development (R&D) is conditioned by many dependencies and has not produced, as for the time being, fully satisfactory results in the form of significant improvements or a faster rate of implementation of modernization processes in Poland's agricultural sector and rural areas.
Author points at some chosen problems of efficiency of enterprise’s innovation activity. Paper is and attempt to show the complexity of this concept an its consequences for innovation management.
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