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EN
In this paper, the author elaborates on the idea of 'common pattern of inquiry', which is the core concept of late theory of knowledge of John Dewey. Author points at qualitative moments of this inquiry pattern which disclose aesthetic aspects of every kind of organized human activity. Conclusions of these analyzes enable to reveal some epistemological aspects of aesthetic experience. Despite, Dewey always rejected any sort of radical and fixed divisions of human experience into separate spheres, he has never conceived experience as completely undifferentiated monolith. For Dewey, experience is a dynamic unity, which undergoes various changes in which different aspects dominate only temporarily. Dewey claims, that among such kinds of experience, it is the aesthetic modus which discloses the sense of undivided and immediate character of human experience in the way which restrain it from complete shift into the matter of uncontrolled and unknowable qualities of primary experience. The art is thus the best expression of the essence of human experience and of the nature itself. The author claims, that due to distinguished role of aesthetic experience in the late naturalistic philosophy of Dewey, his standpoint may be understand as a sort of panaesthetism.
EN
The main goal of the paper is to rethink the several aspects of the so-called Plato's Theory of Recollection and to contribute to the discussion of the differences between the historical Socrates and Socrates in Plato. The author's argumentation draws upon his own interpretation of Plato's 'Meno'. As far as the recollection is concerned his conclusion is that we should distinguish between: a)- the recollection as a myth, playing an 'anti-misologic' and 'protreptic' roles in the dialogue, which should help us not to give up further researches; b)- the recollection itself, which occupies the place between maieutic art of Socratic midwifery and Plato's dialectic, which should help us to approach our experience critically, to find the solutions of the particular problems, and to set off as true those solutions, which, being the subject of inquiry, proved to be sufficiently coherent.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
|
vol. 73
|
issue 4
257 – 268
EN
The aim of the paper is to expose the main characteristics of the philosophy of science as developed in classical pragmatism. The author differentiates between philosophy of science in narrow (internal, epistemological) and broader (externalist, sociocultural) senses. Classical pragmatist philosophy of science embodies the integration of social, historical, anthropological, axiological, ethical and other aspects of science as substantial for its philosophical understanding. The relation between pragmatist philosophy and science is complex, both respectful and critical. It is neither anti-scientist nor scientist philosophy. To understand it, the author provides the reconstruction of the key historical stages of the relations between classical pragmatism and logical positivism/empiricism. Further, the overall outline of the main features of the conceptions of science in Ch. S. Peirce, W. James and J. Dewey with the focus on the concept of inquiry and its sociocultural context is provided. This all adds up to the conclusion that the core of the classical pragmatist philosophy of science is the Deweyan “cultural naturalism”.
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