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Nadzór nad samorzadem terytorialnym wobec zjawiska lokalnych trudnosci finansowych

100%
Wiewiora M.
Ius Novum
|
2010
|
issue 1
103-119
EN
The article presents tools and procedures for preventing local financial crises which are binding in the Polish system of supervision over local government. A character study of the Polish supervision system is a point of departure for the author's attempt to make an assessment of the supervision and inspection activities over local government units executed by the Polish State. The author assumes that adequate institutional solutions in the field of supervision can create favorable conditions for local government finance rationalization and prevent financial difficulties, and in case of their occurrence reduce their economic and social consequences. To make the assessment of the Polish solutions adequate, based on precise criteria , the article also presents solutions used abroad. The analysis of the institutional solutions in Poland in comparison with other European countries enables a statement that the Polish supervision and inspection system with reference to the phenomenon of local government unit's financial difficulties shows a fragmentary nature and has serious gaps that can lead to inadequate activities undertaken by the state or their lack in the field of local financial crisis prevention.
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BALLADA O POBOŻNYM UBEKU, CZYLI POLSKIE KINO I POLITYKA (1989–2015

63%
Korczarowska N.
DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu
|
2016
|
vol. 21
242-271
EN
BALLAD OF PIOUS UBEK: POLISH CINEMA AND POLITICS (1989–2015) Korczarowska attempts to analyze selected films produced in Poland after 1989 in the context of relations between cinema and politics. The year of 1989 was a significant turning point in the Polish culture. The topics that in the communist period were considered as socio-political taboos, returned to public discourse. The necessity to fill white spots – especially in the area of historical narratives – resulted in producing films which were connected with the tradition of Polish film school. Directors were able to add their voice to shaping the national identity issues of ‘unsettled history’: heterotelia of tragic Warsaw uprising, anti-Semitism (culminating in the tragedy of Jedwabne), the responsibility for PRL (lustration). The films played important role as therapeutic tools. Due to the possibility of treating achievements of native artists as a collective psychoanalytic session, the key concept – which forms a kind of interpretative key – is ‘the policy of returning’ (the equivalent of the Freudian ‘displacement factor’). However, the films very often contributed to interpreting the particular interests of the ruling party and they used cultural texts as a tool in the ‘war of narratives’. In this way the Polish cinema once again revealed its dependence on political factors treating culture as strictly instrumental.
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