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Diskursy, instituce a praxe péče o děti do tří let ve francouzsko-české komparativní perspektivě

100%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
36-47
EN
The article offers a comparison of the development of institutions of care for children under three in France and in the Czech Republic. It explains the differences in the forms of institutions, policies and the level of state support with the use of comparative analysis of discourses of childcare, existing since the end of the Second World War in the two countries under study. Especially expert discourses were found to have important role in the development of the institutions and policies: psychological discursive framings had strong influence on the public discourse, on political decisions as well as on the resulting form of institutions. While in France, mainly empirically-oriented psychologists and pedagogues entered the debate, in the Czechoslovakia /Czech Republic the discursive arena was dominated by clinical psychologists and paediatricians. Also other influential factors were identified, such as economic situation, political actors, social movements; and sequencing of events; but the expert discourse was proved to be crucial for the understanding of the divergent development of childcare institutions in the two countries.
2
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VOLEBNÍ ÚČAST A JEJÍ DETERMINANTY VE STARÝCH A NOVÝCH DEMOKRACIÍCH EVROPY

88%
Nový M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2013
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vol. 45
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issue 2
195 – 228
EN
Despite more than twenty years of freedom is voter turnout in successfully democratized post-communist countries far below the average of West European democracies. This article handles with two macro-theories, societal modernization theory and institutionalism. These ordinary approaches generally assume that more advanced communities offering stronger positive institutional incentives will have higher rate of political involvement. Based on these theories, nine possible determinants which can affect turnout were chosen – human development, non-agrarian population, urbanization, parliamentarism, direct vote of the president, closeness, electoral system proportionality, population size and compulsory voting. Moreover, the author ś study supplements classical theories with factor of post-communism. It emphasizes that communist legacy per se brings important condition for (non-)participation. The principal objective of this article is to trace the importance of post-communism compared with other factors which can cause differences in aggregate voter participation among European democracies and to demonstrate that post-communism works as some kind of condition for certain factors – it can change their intensity and direction. The author examines turnout in 213 national lower house elections held in 36 European countries. Regression analysis enriched by interaction effects is used to estimate the explanatory model.
3

KRITICKÝ INŠTITUCIONALIZMUS MIROSLAVA KUSÉHO A ZÁKLADY SLOVENSKEJ POLITOLÓGIE

75%
Bátora J.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 2
20 – 31
EN
The aim of this study is to analyze those works by Miroslav Kusý that deal with the role of institutions in political life. The main argument is that Miroslav Kusý developed institutional line of thought, which has been bringing forward analytical reflection of the processes of political stability and transformation since the 1960s, and this in parallel with the evolution of institutionalism as a theoretical current in western political science. Meanwhile, the empirical context of systemic changes in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s gave Kusý place for a specific type of institutionalist arguments which, while reflecting current issues, due to some degree of abstraction do not lose their theoretical relevance even today in the context of exploring the changes in political institutions such as citizenship, or institutionalized arrangements such as EU. Since institutionalism in its various forms constitutes one of the established political paradigms, the author argues in this study that Miroslav Kusý may well be regarded as the founder of modern Slovak political science.
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