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EN
The article is based on comparative analysis of data from the international longitudinal survey ISSP 1994 and 2002 which were focused on gender roles and family. In the analysis European countries were divided on the basis of their inhabitants' opinions on gender roles in the family and working mothers. Even though employment rate of women in Eastern Europe was higher during the state socialist regime than in Western Europe, countries of the former Eastern European block formed a group with traditional (conservative) attitudes towards gender roles as well as working mothers in 1994 and in 2002. Attitudes to mother's employment turned more gender liberal during the late 1990s. Such conservatism as well as opinion shifts and changes in family behavior in the second half of 1990s are explained by specific socio-political changes and changes on the labor market on the specific case of the Czech Republic. (http://www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005122202)
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between working and private, family and partnership life in the contemporary Czech society. It is based on the main findings from the representative sample survey 'Connections between the changes in the labour market and forms of private, family, and partnership life in the Czech society' conducted in the 2005. The aim of this paper is to put these findings into an international context. The comparison of selected European countries is done from the point of the level of conflict experienced between working and private life. These findings are also connected to the family policies and the labour market arrangements in particular countries. The international comparison is based on data from the second round of European Social Survey conducted 2004/2005. The findings indicated that the Czech Republic (along with Great Britain, Spain, Poland and Slovakia) counted among the countries with relatively higher level of experienced work-family/private life conflicts, unlike the Scandinavia and some particular West European countries (Germany, France and Belgium).
EN
The paper presents the debate in the literature over aggregative measures of economic welfare, and investigates the differences in how economic welfare is evaluated in various countries, depending on the measurement applied. The first part of the article looks at the debate over the various ways of measuring economic welfare. The second presents a comparative analysis of welfare, measured on the basis of a few indicators, between Poland and other countries. The literature overview indicates that alternative, and perhaps better measurements then GDP per capita, are characterised by one major weakness – the arbitrary selection of partial measures. The result is that it is difficult to use the values obtained from various sources in empirical research. Moreover, it is hard to find long enough time series other than GDP per capita and HDI that present other than conventional aspects of welfare, which in turn indicate the quality of life. Comparison of values of various welfare measurements shows a different picture of welfare in the world. Conventional measures, such as GDP per capita and HDI, overestimate the Euro-Atlantic culture countries, especially EU-15, OECD, and UCJNA. Measurement with heterodox theoretical background evaluates as relatively higher those countries with a relatively lower level of economic development, as measured with conventional measurements.
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