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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 1
225-235
EN
Article presents pro-environmental impact on enterprises functioning on the global free-trade market. It presents classification of the primary environmental protection instruments and also characterize them. Author tried to explain the meaning of environmental protection system from enterprise’s competitiveness point of view. The scope of article includes the possibility of using units of transferable European Units Allowances (EUA) as an important element impacting the attractiveness of economy as a whole. In countries which have introduced strict pro-environmental regulations – increase of GDP generates costs of environmental protection. It affects to increase of pro-environmental investments as well. Higher costs are generating higher innovative value for each national economy. Investments in energy sector are performed in cycle of decades. If they are introduced during the bull market may have positive impact on demand. During the bear market they increase the level of investors trust to national economy. The article is a result of many theoretical considerations and practical experiences of Author in the field of European Units Allowances trading.
EN
The two proponents of ordoliberalism, W. Eucken and W. strongly Röpke, emphasised the weaknesses of J.M. Keynes' approach and the possible hazards of its practical application in economic policies. The purpose of this paper is to present the main objections that Eucken and Röpke raised to Keynesianism. Among them, the most prominent issue was inflation, which, according to both authors, is a side effect of Keynesian economics. Another criticism of Keynes was that he overlooked the importance of ethical principles, which could lead to adverse economic consequences and undermine the moral foundations of society. Eucken's and Röpke's observations are as valid today as they were in the authors' time, and can be a source of inspiration for economic theoreticians and practitioners who contribute to the process of establishing economic order.
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51%
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę zbadania charakteru współczesnej ekonomicznej wyobraźni Po- laków. Metodą ankietowego badania reprezentatywnego zrekonstruowane zostały ogólne (złożone) zespoły wyobrażeń na temat czynników korzystnych dla gospodarki jako całości, poszczególnych przedsiębiorstw oraz ludzi. Zbadane zostały determinanty poglądów tworzą- cych ogólniejsze wyobrażenia na ten temat, a także ich wpływ na stopień akceptacji demo- kracji.
EN
The paper attempts at investigation of contemporary economic imagination of the Poles. Representative survey data have been used to reconstruct general (composite) dimensions of imaginations of the factors beneficial to economic success on the levels of national economy, individual enterprises and people. The determinants of these imaginations on the one hand and their impact on attitudes to democracy on the other have been measured and discussed.
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