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Voyeuryzm medialny na łamach polskich tabloidów

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Białek-Szwed O.
Oblicza Komunikacji
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2010
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vol. 3
183-193
EN
Issues concerning Polish tabloids constitute a complicated topic that has a lot of aspects. In spite of the fact that it more and more frequently draws foreign scientists’ attention, here in Poland it is still dealt with in a fragmentary or marginal way. There are even people who argue that “true science” should not deal with such topics. The crucial element characterizing tabloids is media voyeurism which is not profoundly analyzed in Polish contemporary media science. The aim of this paper is to define the phenomenon of media voyeurism, determine the object of its interest and analyze it in the context of Polish tabloids. The article pays attention to the fact that reflection over media voyeurism is in fact multisurfaced because it introduces a scientist to onthological topics (for example, questions about existential status of a phenomenon), epistemological (for example, how, thanks to voyeuristic mechanisms, tabloids are able to peep at the reality and reach uncovered facts) as well as ethical (what one is or is not allowed to peep at). The author reveals that voyeurism shall be perceived as peeping, watching people, disclosing their secrets and even as invasion or invigilation of their privacy. The paper emphasizes the fact that media voyeurism is best realized in tabloids which can be characterized as having tendency to peep at and analyze the most intimate aspects of human life. The paper also pays attention to the recent tendencies of voyeurism to maximum use of modern technologies and domination of image over word (visual culture). It is also shown that contemporary media voyeurism is not an isolated or occasional element in Polish press but instead shall be classified as an obligatory one in case of tabloids.
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Inwigilacja środowiska akademickiego w PRL Służba Bezpieczeństwa w Uniwersytecie Śląskim

100%
Drogoń A.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2012
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vol. 5(13)
339-357
EN
The security service (SB) has been interested in the staff of the University of Silesia since its creation (1968), however, a significant increase in that type of interest was noticed in the 1970s and 1980s. The scope of observation of academic circles has increased at that time, finishing this very process with the formation of a separate unit of the SB in 1982, the task of which was a struggle with anti-systemic attitudes in the environment of higher education in Katowice. In its operation- al work, SB gained secret agents (TW) from the academic circle (academics, students, academic- technical workers, supportive organs), and used operational connections (KO). The operational connections involved usually members of the Polish United Workers Party. It was assumed that they are to some extent obliged to “help” the security organs, without imposing any formal com- mitments consisting in signing the declarations of cooperation on the secret service organ at the same time. They worked more eagerly than secret agents who were often gained via blackmail or other forms of compulsion. Operational contacts in the form of people performing big and decisive functions in the university were often used. After November 1989, a subsequent reorganization of the SB, deriving from a change of the political situation in the country, the task of the “security” of higher education and academic institutions was taken over (together with an agency) by the Constitutional State Order Protec- tion Division. Its officers closed the case “University” in January 1990 and made the exposition materials be destroyed. Finally, the observation of the academic circle by the structures of the security service finished with its liquidation between May and August 1990.
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