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Homoerotyzm i homoseksualizm w "Naszyjniku gołębicy" Ibn Hazma

100%

Zawisza R.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2014

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issue 1-2

26-42

EN

The aim of this article is to retrace the male homoerotic and homosexual strands in Ibn Hazm’s "The Ring of the Dove" – with contextual analysis which refers to the juridical-religious debates and controversies about a phenomenon of love between men. At first, the author and a general profile of his work are presented. Then, a number of comments concerning difficulties with research on non-heteronormativity will be made with reference to the knowledge of scholars working with ancient Greek and Christian sources. Such perspective allows to evade a necessity of total agreement neither with essentialists nor with culturalists. The following part of the article discusses various attitudes of Islamic classical schools towards homoeroticism and homosexuality. Elucidation of original terms used in this context is followed with an analysis of fragments from "The Ring of the Dove". This analysis leads to a conclusion that ‘homoeroticism’ and ‘homosexuality’ as deliberately conventional notions have a potential to depict polarity within Arab culture of the classical period regarding love between men: by means of unwritten rules and thanks to the clearly outlined public sphere a great spectrum of possibilities between condemnation and acquiescence was institutionalized. In this way, the article demonstrates that all designations referring to eroticism are inadequate and casual.

2

The Forging of a Tradition: The Hebrew Bible, Ezra the Scribe, and the Corruption of Jewish Monotheism According to the Writings of al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm

100%

Donnelly S.

The Biblical Annals

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 2

225-249

EN

A widely distributed religious legend maintains that Ezra the scribe rewrote the Hebrew Bible sometime during the post-exilic period. The story is interpreted differently among its varying iterations. Some accounts view Ezra’s recovery of the Scriptures as an act of divine wonder while other versions insist that Ezra’s hand distorted the biblical text. Both outlooks are present in medieval Islamic writings. This article considers the polemical approach of three Muslim authors (e.g., al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm) and their portraits of Ezra, including his role that led to a purported compromise of Jewish monotheism. The article explores Ibn Ḥazm’s claim that Ezra the scribe corrupted the biblical text. Several sources are examined (e.g., 4 Ezra, Porphyry, Justin Martyr, a Samaritan liturgical imprecation, and diverse rabbinic traditions) as plausible support for the charge that Ezra corrupted the Scriptures. A tale from Avot d’Rabbi Natan that features Ezra’s alleged scribal dots is posited as a reasonable source for the comment. Given Ibn Ḥazm’s interpretive outlook and Ezra’s prominent role in the story, the dots offer a new and sensible explanation.

3

Ludzkie charaktery i moralność w filozoficznej aforystyce Ibn Ḥazma

51%

Stefaniuk T. J.

Kultura i Wartości

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2020

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issue 30

DE

Der Artikel setzt sich zum Ziel, die im Traktat Al-Aẖlāq wa-ʾl-Siyar von Ibn Hazm dargestellte Philosophie zu untersuchen. Der Autor äußert sich in dieser Schrift über die Fragen der Freundschaft, Liebe, der zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen in der Gesellschaft, über die Komplexität der menschlichen Charaktere und die Vielfalt der Lebenshaltungen. Jedoch die wichtigste der behandelten Fragen ist der Sinn und die Bedeutung des menschlichen Lebens. Der arabische Philosoph nimmt Stellung zu allen diesen Fragen als Rationalist, obwohl er letztendlich einen klar religiös orientierten Standpunkt repräsentiert. Seine ethischen Anschauungen und seine Moralistik sind nicht nur in der religiösen (muslimischen) Tradition verwurzelt, sondern auch in der Tradition der klassischen Philosophie, wobei sie besonders stark mit der Ethik der Stoiker und von Aristoteles übereinstimmen.

EN

The author analyzes the philosophical thoughts outlined by Ibn Ḥazm in his Al-Aẖlāq wa-ʾl-Siyar treatise. Apart from friendship, love, social relationships, the complexity of human characters and the diversity of life attitudes, the one issue discussed in the treatise first and foremost is the meaning and significance of human life. The Arab philosopher refers to all these issues as a rationalist despite ultimately presenting a clearly religious-oriented position. His ethical views are rooted not only in a religious (Muslim) tradition, but also in that of classical philosophy, reflecting a particularly strong convergence with the ethics of the Stoics and Aristotle.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza filozofii zaprezentowanej w traktacie Al-Aẖlāq wa-ʾl-Siyar Ibn Ḥazma. W pracy tej jej autor omawia między innymi takie kwestie jak przyjaźń, miłość, relacje między ludźmi w społeczeństwie, złożoność ludzkich charakterów czy różnorodność postaw życiowych; najważniejszą z podjętych tam kwestii jest jednak sens i znaczenie życia człowieka. Do wszystkich tych zagadnień, mimo prezentowania ostatecznie stanowiska wyraźnie religijnie zorientowanego, arabski filozof odnosi się jako racjonalista. Jego poglądy etyczne i moralistyka zakorzenione są nie tylko w tradycji religijnej (muzułmańskiej), lecz również w tradycji filozofii klasycznej, wykazując szczególnie silną zbieżność z etyką stoików i Arystotelesa.

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Homoerotyzm i homoseksualizm w "Naszyjniku gołębicy" Ibn Hazma

The Forging of a Tradition: The Hebrew Bible, Ezra the Scribe, and the Corruption of Jewish Monotheism According to the Writings of al-Ṭabarī, al-Thaʿlabī, and Ibn Ḥazm

Ludzkie charaktery i moralność w filozoficznej aforystyce Ibn Ḥazma