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Zagadnienie ideologii we wczesnych pismach Jürgena Habermasa

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Karalus A.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2013
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vol. 25
181-198
EN
The article focuses on the reconstruction of the main assumptions of the concept of ideology which are to be found in J¨urgen Habermas’s early writings. Habermas redefined the task of the critical theory while facing the aporias that result from the critical theory of the first generation of so called Frankfurt School. The author of The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere rejected the totalizing critique of the Western reason encapsulated in the influential Dialectic of Enlightenment and proposed to distinguish between two aspects of social life and, thus, to distinguish between two different forms of social rationalization, which were conflated by Horkheimer and Adorno. On the basis of the aforementioned dichotomy of social actions (labor and communication), Habermas defines ideology as a suppression of ethical questions, which results in reducing the practical issues to purely technical ones, which are most likely implemented into social fabric as a purposiverationalprocedure. According to Habermas, ideology nowadays manifests itself in suchphenomena as scienticization of politics, de-politicization of the public debate and decisionism. Their shared feature is the elimination of the sphere of the ethical and practical reasoning which consequently leads to an infringement of the fundamental interest of the human species which consists of the possibility of reaching an agreement and the ideal of the communication freed from coercion.
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Ideologiekritik und Psychiatrie. Antoni Kępińskis Arbeiten zum KZ-Syndrom

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Willer M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica
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2016
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issue 28
67-79
EN
Antoni Kępiński's work on the KZ syndrome has not been so far a subject of thorough scientific research. In this paper Kępiński's work is investigated regarding two aspects of this problematic. In addition to questions concerning the patient-doctor relationship in psychiatry, the article focuses on the possible extension of the subject area of psychiatry. Kępiński's work suggests important conclusions at this point. Many psychiatric disorders, but especially the symptom complex of the KZ syndrome, are not only the result of individual experiences but also the individual values and the individual view of the patient on his suffering. This requires a high ethical competence of the physician. In addition, the example of the KZ syndrome demonstrates the effects that social formation can have on the individual psyche. Psychiatry must therefore tackle questions that extend its existing subject area.
DE
Antoni Kępińskis Arbeiten zum KZ-Syndrom sind bis heute kaum Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Kępińskis Arbeiten hinsichtlich zweier Fragekomplexe untersucht. Neben Fragen zum Patient-Arzt-Verhältnis in der Psychiatrie steht eine Erweiterung des Gegenstandsbereiches der Psychiatrie im Fokus des Textes. Dabei legen Kępińskis Arbeiten wichtige Schlüsse nahe. Viele psychiatrische Erkrankungen, insbesondere aber der Symptomkomplex des KZ-Syndroms, sind nicht nur Folge individueller Erfahrungen, sondern durch die individuellen Wertevorstellungen und den individuellen Blick des Patienten auf sein Leiden geprägt. Im Zentrum einer psychiatrischen Behandlung muss daher die Selbstermächtigung des Patienten stehen, sich seiner eigenen Wertestrukturen wieder bedienen zu können. Dazu ist eine hohe ethische Kompetenz des Arztes notwendig. Zudem wird am Beispiel des KZ-Syndroms deutlich, welche Auswirkungen gesellschaftliche Formationen auf die individuelle Psyche haben können. Die Psychiatrie muss somit Fragen aufgreifen, die ihren bisherigen Gegenstandsbereich erweitern.
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