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EN
The Early Modern imperial court represented a type of social environment where a number of conflicts could arise. The ceremonial also played an important role here. The traditional privilege of ceremonial precedence, which was based on the ideal system of a hierarchical order of dignitaries and the imperceptible gaps in the court ceremonial, gave many of the courtiers and foreign diplomats and representatives an opportunity to enforce their own social status to the detriment of others or on the contrary defend and protect them. An interesting example of a ceremonial conflict is the argument that took place during the ordination ceremony of the Archbishop of Prague Charles von Lamberg in 1607. Emperor Rudolf II actually initiated it as he refused to take part in this festive occasion and sent all the members of the Privy Council instead of himself. When the foreign diplomats of Spain, Venice and of the Holy See learned about it, they decided not to take part in the festivities either as they did not want to put their position at risk. The reason behind the the Emperor’s behaviour was an effort to express his symbolic disagreement with the activities of foreign diplomats, i.e. of the monarchs who sent them, as these activities conflicted with the Emperor’s plans in certain aspects.
EN
The main mission of the papal nunciature at the imperial court in Prague at the turn of the seventeenth century was the diplomatic representation of the Holy See, the coordination of the Counter‑ Reformation in a religiously mixed area and the supervision of church reform in alignment with the instructions of the Council of Trent. The papal nuncios could have also had various unofficial commitments to meet in favour of some of their relatives or other individuals. This is very well documented in Giovanni Stefano Ferrari’s private registry. He held the office of papal nuncio at the imperial court between 1604‒1607. The private registry contains a comprehensive collection of letters with members of the College of Cardinals. An analysis of this correspondence demonstrates that the nuncio utilised his diplomatic status in carrying out various tasks and commitments in favour of the cardinals, who – like he himself – belonged to the clients of the Aldobrandini family; they were also at times his own friends or clients.
EN
This presented study focuses on determining the causes of the illness, courses of treatment, the preparation for the death and symbolic messages conveyed at the funerals of Ferdinand I, based on the dispatches of envoys, personal correspondence of the Imperial family, official correspondence of court dignatories and an iconographical analysis of the sources. Attention is also paid to the impact of the gradually deteriorating general health of the biological body of this Central European ruler in terms of a weakening of the sovereign’s grip on power and the exercise of his everyday regal duties between 1563 and 1564. At the same time, the chosen historical-anthropological approaches and concepts of symbolic communication make it possible to observe the creation of the image of the social body of the deceased emperor at the moment of his death on 25th July 1564 and during the final obsequies which took place thirteen months later, namely on 6th and 7th of August 1565 in Vienna and on 21th and 22nd August 1565 in Prague. During the display of his remains at a castrum doloris, the ceremonial funeral procession and the requiem mass, Ferdinand I entered the collective memory as a Christian knight, a wise and righteous ruler of extensive territories in Central Europe, where, after his biological death, his bereaved sons took over the ruling power by the grace of God. The dramaturgy of final farewells and the use of symbols in speeches celebrated loudly the continuous tradition of the Christian rule of the Habsburg dynasty.
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