Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 16

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Indians
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The conquest of Mexico, which has an impact on the lives of its inhabitants today, is one of the main themes in the early works of writer Carmen Boullosa. In the novel Llanto. Novelasimposibles the author returns to the Aztec Empire to make a reinterpretation of the events of 1519–1521, while the second novel Duerme takes the reader to the days of the colonial era. Moctezuma II, who wakes up from his sleep in the second half of the twentieth century, becomes a postmodern figure. Claire, who reaches the New World on a pirate ship, becomes a witness to the exploitation of the indigenous population by the Spanish masters. Both characters are aware of the fact that the collapse of the empire means an irretrievable loss of the old world and its primary cultures.
EN
In the article I have examined the way in which the American West of 1863–1906 was shown in the Warsaw magazine “Wędrowiec”. I have mainly focused on articles published from the late 1870s to the year 1906, when the last issue of the weekly appeared. I have chosen this specific magazine, because it specialized in issues concerning geography and travel. Throughout the period when “Wędrowiec” was published, the subject of the American West of 1863–1906 appeared in over 150 issues. Thus, one may risk a statement that the subject was quite popular with the readers. It is also to be stressed that no other region of the USA was given so much attention as the West. The magazine published the highest number of articles in the 1870s and 1880s. In the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century the subject appeared only sporadically, which was due to both the change in the nature of the magazine and smaller interest of the readers in the United States. The subject of the American West, complex and exotic, was very attractive. However, with time and with the progress in the colonization process, it was difficult to find topics which had not been discussed up till then. Despite that, all major changes taking place in this region were duly observed. Also regions which earlier had not caused much interest among readers started to be reported on. The readers could also observe changes in the image of the Far West. Articles appearing in “Wędrowiec” throughout the period it was published dealt mainly with: Indians, Mormons and the Chinese. Other inhabitants of this area did not attract so much attention.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie obrazu rdzennych mieszkańców Ameryki Północnej, nakreślonego przez Henryka Sienkiewicza w Listach z podróży do Ameryki. Obraz ten był konfrontowany z obrazem Indian przedstawionym w artykułach „Wędrowca”. Analizy dowiodły, że Sienkiewicz szczególnie chętnie opisywał przedstawicieli społeczności indiańskiej z perspektywy ich wyglądu zewnętrznego, uwarunkowań kulturowych oraz cech psychicznych. W mniejszym stopniu interesował go aspekt społeczny, ekonomiczny i religijny. Punkt widzenia Europejczyka jest dominującym w opisie i ocenie Indian zarówno w Listach z podróży, jak i artykułach „Wędrowca”. Przy czym Sienkiewicz starał się stworzyć w miarę zobiektywizowany obraz społeczności indiańskiej. Indianie ukazani byli jako ci, którym zabiera się wolność, a ich głównym wrogiem jest postęp cywilizacyjny. Z kolei w publicystyce „Wędrowca” dominuje obraz Indian jako wrogów cywilizacji, stanowiących zagrożenie dla białych osadników.
EN
The purpose of the article is to present the picture of the indigenous inhabitants of North America painted by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his Letters from a Journey to America. That picture of the Indians was confronted with the one presented in the articles published in ‘Wędrowiec’ [a Polish weekly]. According to the analyses that have been conducted Sienkiewicz quite often described the representatives of the Indians community from the perspective of their external appearance, cultural conditions and psychological features. He was much less interested in the religious and socio-economic aspect. The point of view of the European is dominant in his description and evaluation of Indians both in the Letters from a Journey and in the articles published in ‘Wędrowiec’. On the other hand, Sienkiewicz did his best to create a relatively objective picture of the Indians community. The Indians were portrayed as the ones who had been taken freedom away from, and their main enemy was the civilisational progress. In turn, in ‘Wędrowiec’ the Indians were depicted as enemies of the civilisation and a threat to the settlers.
EN
Over a dozen years since the beginning of evangelization of Andean world, in year 1545 the first bishop of Lima Jeronimo de Loaysa issued Instruccion de la orden que se de tener en la doctrina de los natrurales. In this document he presented his notion about the ways and methods how to evangelize autochthons. This instruction was addressed to all missionaries who were involved in evangelizing Indians. In eighteen chapters of this instruction were presented the following questions: problem of freedom in converting local Indians to Christianity, issue of administering of sacraments to Indians, the basic catechesis, importance of sacral buildings and legal regulations concern marriage arrangement, keeping fasts and celebrations of Church’s feasts. Content of this document was placed in the final document of the First Synod of Lima from year 1552. Directives of bishop Loaysy from the year 1545 showed the directions and main concepts of evangelization of Indians in South America during the colonial period.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się wokół sytuacji Aborygenów kanadyjskich, głównie ich edukacji. Stara się przedstawić kwestię poprawienia edukacji tej ludności poprzez odpowiednie działania rządu federalnego, władz lokalnych, organizacji społecznych, przywódców plemion. Powstała „Ustawa o edukacji ludności rdzennej” być może stanowi panaceum na edukację narodów i może stać się atutem rządu podczas rozwiązywania problemów ludności rdzennej Kanady.
EN
What led to such a low level of indigenous peoples’ education? What are socio-political aspects of this issue? What are the Aboriginals’ demands? What exactly should the Canadian political elite (federal government, local authorities, NGOs, tribal leaders) do to improve the situation in the sphere of education? What are the methods the Canadian government has chosen to implement First Nations Education Act? All of these issues are important and require thorough analysis. It the end, we will try to understand whether the First Nations Education Act is indeed the panacea for Aboriginal Canadians, and if educa-tion could become government’s trump card in the fight against the indigenous peoples problems.
Afryka
|
2018
|
issue 48
81-124
EN
The article describes the role of Indian merchants in the international trade of Zanzibar during the period 1840-1888, i.e. from the strengthening of the rule of Sa’īd ibn Sultān Āl Bu Saʻīdī on the East African coast to the loss of this area by his son Bargaš ibn Sa’īd as a result of colonial conquest. The article deals with both objective and subjective factors determining the place of Indians in the trade of Zanzibar, including transport and communication, currency, factors related to participation in exchange mechanisms, negotiations, cooperation, competition and capital flow. Moreover, the author analyses the transformation within the Indian community of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, referring to the concept of commercial diaspora. He focuses on the ways in which the diaspora acted as an intermediary in the international exchange at various levels, adapting to changing political, technical and financial conditions. He scrutinises the changes in relations with Europeans, including the erosion of trust which was related to the increase of competition and risk. The author draws a model of the evolution of the Indian community from the stage in which access to brokering was controlled by the diasporaʼs narrow elite and the ruler to a situation in which the hierarchy of diaspora became fragmented and the access to credit opened up new opportunities to a broader wave of immigrants at various levels of exchange. This concerned both the direct trade with Western markets and the trade on the East African coast. The author used the archival sources from Zanzibar, Great Britain, Germany, the USA and France, including those created by the merchant companies from Staatsarchiv in Hamburg and the Peabody Essex Museum in Peabody (MA, USA)
XX
This article focuses on the history of Indians in South Africa. In November 2010 the community celebrated their 150 years of settlement. Between 1860 and 1911 the Colony of Natal imported from different regions of India over 150 000 Indians to work primarily on its sugar cane plantations. The analysis covers the process of settlement in Natal, including the activism of Mahatma Gandhi and the government’s creation of an Indian township (Chatsworth) to the south of Durban. After 150 years on South African land, Indians assimilated with the native population, calling themselves nationals of South Africa and repudiating the term „immigrant”. Despite cultural, religious and linguistic differences in the past, Indians today uphold their heritage in the modern upper-class society of South Africa.
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

„INDIANIN” W ŚWIETLE PRAWA

63%
PL
Artykuł wskazuje, w jaki sposób akty prawne o charakterze międzynarodowym i krajowym, bezpośrednio lub pośrednio definiują pojęcie „Indianin”. Okazuje się, że kwestią problematyczną i dotychczas nieuzgodnioną ostatecznie, jest zdefiniowanie kategorii nadrzędnej, jaką jest funkcjonujące w międzynarodowej przestrzeni prawno-politycznej określenie tubylec. Omawiane kraje radzą sobie z tą kwestią na różne sposoby, odnosząc się do niej w swych ustawach zasadniczych, aktach prawnych o mniejszej wadze, a także tworząc kryteria przyjmowane dla przeprowadzania powszechnych spisów ludności. Wnioski wynikające z relacji pomiędzy kryteriami i wynikami spisów, dobitnie świadczą, iż język używany w przestrzeni społecznej jest samospełniającą się przepowiednią kształtującą rzeczywistość.
EN
The article analyzes how the international and national legal acts, directly or indirectly, define the term “Indian”. It turns out that defining a parent category which is native, operating in the international legal and political space, is a problematic issue which has not yet been settled. The mentioned in the article countries deal with this issue in different ways, referring to it in their constitutions, legal acts of less importance, as well as creating criteria for conducting population censuses. The relationship between the criteria and the results of these censuses clearly shows that the language used in the social space is a self-fulfilling prophecy shaping the reality.
EN
This article discusses the sources and symptoms of uncertainty and risk that accompanied East African caravan trade in the nineteenth century, and the trustbuilding measures that minimized them. The author addresses long-distance trade of goods imported from Europe, India and the United States, as well as African products that were exported abroad, such as ivory and copal. Findings are interpreted in the context of the historical events that ensued in the region in the second half of the nineteenth century, including the centralization of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, development of mainland agriculture, penetration of the African interior by Muslim culture, and destabilization of the interior in conjunction with the emergence of stronger political structures. This work relies on late-nineteenth-century Swahili texts, including accounts by caravan participants, western travel accounts, archival documents from the homes of merchants established in Zanzibar, and consular sources.
EN
In the autumn of 1878, nearly 300 of the north Cheyennes, under the leadership of Little Wolf and Dull Knife, decided to escape from the nightmarish reservation in Oklahoma and to return to their homeland in Yellowstone (Wyoming). They had to march almost 2,000 kilometres to return to their beautiful country. But it was to be a road through hell. Especially for the part where Dull Knife tried to shelter from the severe winter at Fort Robinson, where the Indians of the group were slaughtered. This essay presents four works describing the dramatic and tragic moment of the history of this beautiful and proud tribe of Cheyennes: a famous historical account by Dee Brown, a historian and writer who has been interested in the fate of American Natives for nearly his whole life (Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee , 1970), the novel The Last Frontier (1941) written by the leftist writer, Howard Fast, a documentary novel by Mari Sandoz titled The Cheyenne Autumn and the famous movie under the same title by John Ford (1964).
11
63%
PL
Odmienność ontologiczna, na jakiej opiera się prawo stanowione i tubylcze prawo zwyczajowe w Ameryce Łacińskiej, jest jednym z ważniejszych problemów występujących w polu konfliktu prawnego pomiędzy obydwoma systemami. Odmienność ontologiczna świata tubylczego widoczna jest m.in. w sposobach wydawania i wykonywania wyroków. Kara ma często charakter rytualny, ponownie włączający osobę karaną do społeczności. W wielu kulturach, w których czary są zjawiskiem powszechnym, wyroki wydawane są przez szamanów i uzdrowicieli. Ilustrując powyższe stwierdzenia przykładami z różnych kultur tubylczych Ameryki Łacińskiej, artykuł wykazuje, że prawo oparte na wizji świata zachodniego niejednokrotnie nie może być adekwatną odpowiedzią na różne wydarzenia mające miejsce w światach tubylczych. Dzieje się tak choćby dlatego, że w świecie racjonalności pozytywistycznej wydarzenia te lub zjawiska po prostu nie istnieją.
EN
The ontological difference on which positive law and indigenous customary law in Latin America are based is one of the most important problems in the field of legal conflict between both systems. The ontological difference of the indigenous world is visible, among others, in the ways of passing and executing sentences. Punishment is often ritualistic and reintegrates the punished person into the community. In many cultures where witchcraft is a common phenomenon, sentences are given by shamans and healers. Illustrating the above statements with examples from various Latin American indigenous cultures, the article shows that law based on the vision of the Western world often cannot be an adequate response to some events taking place in indigenous worlds. This is not least because in the world of positivist rationality these events or phenomena simply do not exist.
12
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Grafki i rysunki

51%
EN
In the article the processes of the assimilation and acculturation occurring among representatives of the Amazonian tribe Sateré-Mawé, which until recently remaining in isolation from the main society of the Brazil were analyzed. In the study were included both the part of tribe still living in the core area and part of them which migrated to the neighbourhood of the main urban centres of the Amazonia. Field observation was conducted in November 2006 in the area around the city of Manus and in a tribal village in municipality Iranduba on the Ariaú river which is a tributary of Rio Negro.
PL
W artykule zanalizowano procesy akulturacji i asymilacji zachodzące pośród przedstawicieli amazońskiego plemienia Sateré-Maué, pozostającego do niedawna w izolacji od głównej masy społeczeństwa Brazylii. Badaniem objęto zarówno część plemienia nadal żyjącą na obszarze rdzennym, jak i tę część, która migrowała w okolice dużych ośrodków miejskich Amazonii. Obserwację terenową prowadzono w listopadzie 2006 r. w okolicach Manaus oraz w wiosce plemiennej w gminie Iranduba nad rzeką Ariaú, dopływem Rio Negro.
14
51%
Teologia w Polsce
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
23-35
PL
Teologia – w świetle Objawienia – może zajmować się wszystkim, może być np.: teologia sportu, lotów kosmicznych, teologia historii, polityki, narodu. Interesująca jest teologia poszczególnych kontynentów. Artykuł podejmuje refl eksję teologiczną nad początkami zjawiska kulturowo-geografi cznego, które nosi nazwę Ameryka Łacińska. Podobnie jak w odniesieniu do Ameryki Północnej ideą przewodnią jest nowy początek ludzkości, nowy raj. Budowanie nowego świata zależy od ludzi, którzy go kolonizują. Ważny jest kontekst społeczny, kulturowy, polityczny i gospodarczy tego kraju, który dokonuje kolonizacji. Ameryka Łacińska budowana była przez Hiszpanię, a następnie przez Portugalię, czyli kraje Półwyspu Pirenejskiego, kraje katolickie, pod wieloma względami różniące się od protestanckiej Anglii, kolonizującej Amerykę Północną. Kontekst religijny widoczny jest w podejściu do ludzkości miejscowej i w widzeniu doczesnego i zbawczego sensu przyszłości.
EN
The inhabitants of the sun-scorched rocky Pyrenean peninsula could at least in some of the terrain of South America discover a new paradise, lost arcadia, a land of primevalbliss. The very names of the cities seem to bear out this impression: Buenos Aires (Good Air) or Costa Rica (Rich Coast). Still, it was the idea of continuity, i.e. building the new world with the cultural roots in the old, on the old continent. Both Spanish scholars and ecclesiastical authorities favoured this idea. The indigenous population was recognised as citizen with full rights and who as such were deemed able to take over the Spanish cultural heritage and enrich it with their own. This ideal design failed to be completed for a variety of reasons. The political stage in Europe absorbed the strength and attention that could otherwise have been directed to America. The golden age of cultural and economic development in Spain was followed by years of drawbacks, decline and implosion. America lacked the support from the old continent that it needed. No wonder then that the sinful side of the human nature took the upper hand over the virtues: these included greed and competition for power. The newcomers from Spain would attain affl uence at the cost of the Indians turning them into serfs. Nowadays their offspring has long been free, but they have also remained destitute. On the contrary, the America settled by Anglo-Saxons has always been the America of free colonisers. The Iberian America is a mix of colonisers and indigenous peoples, of the descendants of the free and the enslaved
Teologia w Polsce
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
23-35
EN
The inhabitants of the sun-scorched rocky Pyrenean peninsula could at least in some of the terrain of South America discover a new paradise, lost arcadia, a land of primeval bliss. The very names of the cities seem to bear out this impression: Buenos Aires (Good Air) or Costa Rica (Rich Coast). Still, it was the idea of continuity, i.e. building the new world with the cultural roots in the old, on the old continent. Both Spanish scholars and ecclesiastical authorities favoured this idea. The indigenous population was recognised as citizen with full rights and who as such were deemed able to take over the Spanish cultural heritage and enrich it with their own. This ideal design failed to be completed for a variety of reasons. The political stage in Europe absorbed the strength and attention that could otherwise have been directed to America. The golden age of cultural and economic development in Spain was followed by years of drawbacks, decline and implosion. America lacked the support from the old continent that it needed. No wonder then that the sinful side of the human nature took the upper hand over the virtues: these included greed and competition for power. The newcomers from Spain would attain affluence at the cost of the Indians turning them into serfs. Nowadays their offspring has long been free, but they have also remained destitute. On the contrary, the America settled by Anglo-Saxons has always been the America of free colonisers. The Iberian America is a mix of colonisers and indigenous peoples, of the descendants of the free and the enslaved.
PL
Teologia – w świetle Objawienia – może zajmować się wszystkim, może być np.: teologia sportu, lotów kosmicznych, teologia historii, polityki, narodu. Interesująca jest teologia poszczególnych kontynentów. Artykuł podejmuje refleksję teologiczną nad początkami zjawiska kulturowo-geograficznego, które nosi nazwę Ameryka Łacińska. Podobnie jak w odniesieniu do Ameryki Północnej ideą przewodnią jest nowy początek ludzkości, nowy raj. Budowanie nowego świata zależy od ludzi, którzy go kolonizują. Ważny jest kontekst społeczny, kulturowy, polityczny i gospodarczy tego kraju, który dokonuje kolonizacji. Ameryka Łacińska budowana była przez Hiszpanię, a następnie przez Portugalię, czyli kraje Półwyspu Pirenejskiego, kraje katolickie, pod wieloma względami różniące się od protestanckiej Anglii, kolonizującej Amerykę Północną. Kontekst religijny widoczny jest w podejściu do ludzkośći miejscowej i w widzeniu doczesnego i zbawczego sensu przyszłości.
Afryka
|
2017
|
issue 45
99-134
EN
The article analyses the Arab clove plantations on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba in the nineteenth century. The aim of this analysis is to show the functioning of a non-European model of plantations using slave labour. The author presents the organisation of work on the clove cultivation and characterises the owners and the workforce. He describes not only changes that affected this system in the nineteenth century, but also indicates the extent to which the plantations themselves contributed to the social and economic transition of the islands. The Arab model of plantation is shown compared to the similar systems in the Americas, highlighting common features of this institution as well as its unique elements on Zanzibar and Pemba.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.