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EN
The aim of this article is to analyze the equity valuation while undergoing the IPO process. There are a lot of factors influencing the valuation and new shares issue price setting. The research hypothesis to be verified refers to the statement that the book value of previously issued shares increases in the IPO. It means that newly issued shares are priced much higher than book value of previously issued shares. The research carried out allowed to confirm this hypothesis. Linking this observation with another one (issuing small blocks of shares) might lead to the conclusion that companies are taking advantage of being public company (gaining credibility and prestige, raising funds) and transfer the value from the new shareholders to the previous ones.
PL
W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano nowy przekrojowy model wyceny aktywów, który uwzględnia wpływ zjawiska długoterminowych ujemnych anormalnych stóp zwrotu po pierwszej emisji publicznej. Skuteczność modelu w objaśnianiu ponadprzeciętnych stóp zwrotu z portfeli podwójnie sortowanych według wieku i wielkości przedsiębiorstw zostaje skonfrontowana z tradycyjnymi modelami CAPM trójczynnikowym modelem Famy-Frencha. Badanie bazuje na notowaniach 885 spółek z polskiego rynku akcji w latach 2001-2014. Nowy model dobrze radzi sobie z objaśnieniem stóp zwrotu, podczas gdy tradycyjne modele zostają odrzucone. Dodatkowo badanie dostarcza świeżych dowodów na długoterminowe ujemne anormalne stopy następujące po IPO w Polsce. Anomalia jest szczególnie silna wśród małych spółek giełdowych.
EN
In this paper we propose a new cross-sectional asset pricing model employing a Young-minus-Old (OMY) factor, which accounts for long-run post-IPO underperformance. We test the model using stock returns from the Warsaw Stock Exchange, second most active IPO market in Europe after London, in the period from April 2001 to January 2014. We form portfolios double-sorted on size and age and attempt to explain their returns with the new model and also the traditional, well-established models such as CAPM and the Fama-French three-factor model. The CAPM and F-F models are rejected, while our model explains the returns well. Additionally, wedeliver fresh out-ofsample evidence for the long-term underperformance of initial public offerings in Poland. The anomaly is particularly strong among the small companies.
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