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EN
I fully subscribe to Glăveanu’s opinions. I am not a psychologist, but as someone who specialises in culture and at the same time, as a poet, I believe that if the psychology of creativity is to say something truthful about the creative process, it should open up to the inner life of artists and to statistically unmeasurable processes such as talent and inspiration, rather than devise and carry out laboratory experiments. Therefore, encouraged by Glăveanu to pose innovative questions, in my article I ask about the essence of poetic inspiration, that is able to create images and lies at the root of metaphor which emerges in the mind of an artist.
EN
The New Testament combines the inspiration with the action of the Holy Spirit. In 2 Tim 3 : 16 apostle Paul affirms: „All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for refutation, for correction, and for training in righteousness.” The term „theópneustos” – inspired by God in 2 Tim 3 : 16 is found in no other place of the New Testament. The adjective is not used in this verse in the natural sense, such as the inspiration of a musical work, but in the theological sense. The aim of the article is to analyze not only the expression itself and verse, but also the context in which the term is inserted.
PL
Nový zákon spája inšpiráciu s pôsobením Ducha Svätého. V 2 Tim 3, 16 Pavol potvrdzuje: „Celé Písmo je Bohom vnuknuté a užitočné na poúčanie, na usvedčovanie, na nápravu a na výchovu v spravodlivosti“. Výraz „theópneustos – Bohom vnuknutý“ v 2 Tim 3, 16 sa už inde v Novom zákone nenachádza. Prídavné meno nie je v tomto verši použité v prirodzenom význame, ako napríklad inšpirácia hudobného diela, ale v teologickom význame. Cieľom článku je analýzovať nielen samotný výraz a verš, ale aj blízky kontext, do ktorého je daný termín vložený.
EN
The main objective of the present lecture is to provide, by the means of the Church tradition, the interpetation of a serious social problem which the Apostle Paul introduced in his letters, especially in the Letter to the Ephesians (Eph 5 : 21–33) – the issue of the subordination of woman to man. The article has three parts: 1. Paul’s view on the suborditation of female to male in the historical circumstances of the first century of Christianity. 2. The view of the Church tradition on the relation between men and women from the post-apostolic era to the 21st century popes. 3. Concluding summary in the context of current views on the status of women in modern society. In the first and principal part of the article we point to Paul’s understanding of the relationship of Christ and the Church which he himself describes as a great secret. Also the relationship of man and woman in marriage he considers a “mystery” that represents “mysterium salutis” (mystery of salvation) in the world. Paul judges human marriage in the context of Christ and the Church which means that it is an image of the covenant between God and the chosen people as well as the covenant between Jesus Christ and his Church. It is thus the image of “the new and eternal covenant”, i.e. the paschal one. With this reasoning (Eph 5 : 21–33) Paul refers to the mystical grandeur of marriage. The issues of the subordination of woman to man based on the Christological and soteriological argument of the Letter to the Ephesians gains a new dimension – it is not about a superficial subordination of women, but about mutual subordination between husband and wife. Here we can see a brilliant illustration of mutual relations between spouses which are neither discriminatory nor egalitarian but complementary. They atribute to man and woman equality and equal dignity. At the same time, they atribute to them their own, specific, distinct and irreplaceable roles given to them by God.  Paul’s teaching about the subordination of woman to man had caused considerable problems in the tradition of the Church. The Holy Spirit, however, led her over the centuries and shifted understanding of the relationship between man and woman in marriage:from the unacceptable pagan and Judaic concepts that discriminate women,through the attitudes of the Church Fathers, which declared the same dignity of man and woman through the redemptive work of the Son of God; however, the value of women in the Church and society was not appreciated sufficiantly;to the ingenious doctrine of St. Pope John Paul II. in his theology of the body: the relationship between man and woman in marriage is a relationship of mutual subordination in love, reflecting God’s love and symbolizing the relation between Christ and the Church. This relationship is inherently “communio personarum” (communion of persons) in which the dissimilarity of women and men is mutually complemented and creates harmony. In this article we wanted to highlight the fact that a return to the inspired biblical texts explained by the Magisterium is a reliable means of obtaining true knowledge even of the thorny issue of conjugal and family life.
PL
Hlavným cieľom predloženej prednášky je poskytnúť prostredníctvom tradície Cirkvi interpretáciu vážneho sociálneho problému, ktorý apoštol Pavol predostrel vo svojich listoch, najmä v Liste Efezanom (Ef 5, 21–33) – a to podriadenosť ženy mužovi. Prednáška má tri časti: Pavlov pohľad na podriadenosť ženy mužovi v historických okolnostiach 1. storočia kresťanstva. Pohľad tradície Cirkvi na vzťah muža a ženy od poapoštolskej doby až po pápežov 21. storočia. Záverečné zhrnutie v kontexte súčasných pohľadov na postavenie ženy v modernej spoločnosti. V nosnej prvej časti prednášky poukazujeme na Pavlovo chápanie vzťahu Krista a Cirkvi, ktorý on sám označuje ako veľké tajomstvo. Rovnako aj vzťah muža a ženy v manželstve vidí ako „mysterium”, ktoré vo svete sprítomňuje „mysterium salutis” (tajomstvo spásy). Pavol hodnotí ľudské manželstvo v kontexte Krista a Cirkvi, čo znamená, že manželstvo je obrazom zmluvy Boha a vyvoleného národa, ako aj zmluvy Ježiša Krista a jeho Cirkvi. Je teda obrazom „zmluvy novej a večnej”, t.j. veľkonočnej. Touto argumentáciou (Ef 5, 21–33) Pavol poukazuje na mystickú vznešenosť manželstva.  Na základe kristologickej a soteriologickej argumentácie Listu Efezanom nadobúda teda problematika podriadenosti ženy mužovi novú dimenziu – nejde tu o prvoplánovú podriadenosť ženy, ale o vzájomnú podriadenosť medzi mužom a ženou. V tomto vidíme geniálnosť vysvetlenia vzájomných vzťahov medzi manželmi, ktoré nie sú ani diskriminačné, ani rovnostárske, ale komplementárne. Mužovi aj žene prisudzujú rovnoprávnosť a rovnakú dôstojnosť; zároveň však mužovi a žene pripisujú vlastné, špecifické, rozdielne a nenahraditeľné úlohy, ktoré im daroval Boh. Pavlovo učenie o podriadenosti ženy mužovi spôsobovalo v tradícii Cirkvi nemalé problémy. Duch Svätý ju však v priebehu stáročí viedol a posúval chápanie vzťahu medzi mužom a ženou v manželstve:od neprijateľných pohanských a judaistických konceptov, ktoré diskriminovali ženu;cez postoje cirkevných otcov, ktoré žene priznávali rovnakú dôstojnosť ako mužovi vďaka vykupiteľskému dielu Božieho Syna; avšak hodnota ženy v Cirkvi a spoločnosti bola nedostatočne oceňovaná;až po geniálnu náuku sv. Jána Pavla II. v teológii tela: vzťah medzi mužom a ženou v manželstve je vzťahom vzájomnej podriadenosti v láske, ktorá je odrazom Božej lásky a symbolom vzťahu medzi Kristom a Cirkvou. Tento vzťah je vo svojej podstate „communiou personarum“ (spoločenstvo osôb), v ktorom sa rozdielnosť ženy a muža vzájomne dopĺňa a vytvára harmóniu. Prednáškou sme chceli poukázať na fakt, že návrat k inšpirovaným biblickým textom vysvetľovaným pomocou Magistéria je spoľahlivým prostriedkom na získanie pravdivého poznania aj v pálčivých otázkach manželského a rodinného života.
EN
The article discusses Pope Benedict XVI’s / Joseph Ratzinger’s understanding of revelation. It shows the bases for his understanding to be found in the theology of St. Bonaventure, more specifically in the Doctor Seraphicus’ Hexaëmeron. It is on the theology of history in Bonaventure that Ratzinger had written his terminal paper. This will allow him to impact Vatican II in an original way. The essay describes how the young peritus Joseph Ratzinger contributed in a most decisive way to the dogmatic constitution on divine revelation Dei Verbum’s recalibration of the nature of revelation. It also discusses hope Pope Benedict‘s teaching office thematized revelation. Revelation is ultimately neither Scripture nor tradition, but the self-disclosure of the Triune God in the Thou of Jesus Christ.
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